Unprecedented within-species chromosome number cline in the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis and its significance for karyotype evolution and speciation

Background: Species generally have a fixed number of chromosomes in the cell nuclei while between-species differences are common and often pronounced. These differences could have evolved through multiple speciation events, each involving the fixation of a single chromosomal rearrangement. Alternatively, marked changes in the karyotype may be the consequence of within-species accumulation of multiple chromosomal fissions/fusions, resulting in highly polymorphic systems with the subsequent extinction of intermediate karyomorphs. Although this mechanism of chromosome number evolution is possible in theory, it has not been well documented. Results: We present the discovery of exceptional intraspecific variability in the karyotype of the widespread Eurasian butterfly Leptidea sinapis. We show that within this species the diploid chromosome number gradually decreases from 2n = 106 in Spain to 2n = 56 in eastern Kazakhstan, resulting in a 6000 km-wide cline that originated recently (8,500 to 31,000 years ago). Remarkably, intrapopulational chromosome number polymorphism exists, the chromosome number range overlaps between some populations separated by hundreds of kilometers, and chromosomal heterozygotes are abundant. We demonstrate that this karyotypic variability is intraspecific because in L. sinapis a broad geographical distribution is coupled with a homogenous morphological and genetic structure. Conclusions: The discovered system represents the first clearly documented case of explosive chromosome number evolution through intraspecific and intrapopulation accumulation of multiple chromosomal changes. Leptidea sinapis may be used as a model system for studying speciation by means of chromosomally-based suppressed recombination mechanisms, as well as clinal speciation, a process that is theoretically possible but difficult to document. The discovered cline seems to represent a narrow time-window of the very first steps of species formation linked to multiple chromosomal changes that have occurred explosively. This case offers a rare opportunity to study this process before drift, dispersal, selection, extinction and speciation erase the traces of microevolutionary events and just leave the final picture of a pronounced interspecific chromosomal difference

Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

PostCOVID effect on endothelial function in hypertensive patients: A new research opportunity

SARS-CoV-2 is causing devastation both in human lives and economic resources. When the world seems to start overcoming the pandemics scourge, the threat of long-term complications of COVID-19 is rising. Reports show that some of these long-term effects may contribute to the main cause of morbimortality worldwide: the vascular diseases. Given the evidence of damage in the endothelial cells due to SARS-CoV-2 and that endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of arteriosclerosis, the authors propose to measure endothelial function around 6–12 months after acute disease in hypertensive patients, especially if they have other cardiovascular risk factors or overt vascular disease. The methods the authors propose are cost-effective and can be made available to any hypertension unit. These methods could be the “in vivo” assessment of endothelial function by flow mediated vasodilatation after ischemia by Laser-Doppler flowmetry and the measurement of plasma free circulating DNA and microparticles of endothelial origin.This work was supported by Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Spain [grant number PI 0456-2018].Peer reviewe

An extended vector space model for information retrieval with generalized similarity measures : theory and applications.

Abstract Not Provide

Bioimpedance spectroscopy-based edema supervision wearable system for noninvasive monitoring of heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood containing oxygen and nutrients to meet the body’s demands. HF is the leading cause of hospitalization for patients over 65 years of age. After a patient is diagnosed with HF, the mortality rate is 50% within the first five years. Presently, there are no unanimous diagnostic criteria for HF. Bioimpedance (BI) analysis has been proposed in recent years as a technique to detect one of the main symptoms: changes in body volume due to edema. This research presents a portable device (Volum), capable of performing real-time BI measurements in a low-cost and noninvasive way. The goal is to improve patient monitoring at home to ensure rapid intervention in cases of worsening conditions, either with timely hospitalizations or adjustments to a patient’s usual treatment. Volum is a small, wearable, wireless, lightweight, low-power clinical pilot prototype that takes measurements through four electrodes and sends the data via Bluetooth to an Android device.10.13039/100014440-Spanish Government, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Plan Estatal 2017–2020 Retos: Real Time Monitoring of Hemodynamic Variables Using Intelligent Stents (iSTENT) With Capacitive Sensors and Bioimpedance (BI) (Grant Number: RTI2018-093512-B-C21). 10.13039/501100004587-Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the Real-Time Monitoring Prognostic Value of Volume With BI Test in Patients With Acute HF (HEART-FAIL VOLUM) 2019 (Grant Number: DTS19/00134 and DTS19/00137).Peer reviewe

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a las enfermedades de transmisión sexual en bovinos de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina

La tricomonosis bovina (TB) y campylobacteriosis genital bovina (CGB) son enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) que causan muerte embrionaria temprana, infertilidad transitoria y abortos, impactando en el rendimiento reproductivo de los rodeos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la prevalencia general y por zonas fitogeográficas (Z1: Este pampeana, Z2: Monte central Z3: Monte occidental), así como los factores de riesgo asociados a ambas enfermedades en la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Se realizó un estudio transversal entre enero y diciembre del 2006 que abarcó a 4018 propietarios de rodeos con un stock de 684116 vacas y 33969 toros (54% y 51,5% del stock provincial, respectivamente). Se detectaron 622 (15,5%) rodeos con al menos 1 toro positivo a TB y/o CGB. Las prevalencias halladas fueron de 2,15% (Z1:1,62%; Z2:1,90%; Z3:4,61%) y 2,36% (Z1:2,08%; Z2: 2,28%; Z3: 3,51%) para TB y CGB, respectivamente. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de ETS fueron: traspaso de animales vecinos al establecimiento (Odds Ratio – OR = 1,8; Intervalo de Confianza-IC: 1,5-2,2) realización de servicio continuo (OR=1,3; IC: 1,1-1,6), productores que no realizan el tacto rectal (OR=1,2; IC: 1,0-1,5) y alta relación vaca/toro (χ.=35,1, p=<0,0001). Asimismo, las ETS se relacionaron con presencia de abortos (OR=1,3; IC: 1,0-1,7) y bajo porcentaje de preñez (OR=1,8; IC: 1,3-2,6). Este estudio provee información de interés para ser utilizada en los planes de control y erradicación en áreas en donde las ETS son de carácter endémico