Pionic Atom Spectroscopy in the (d,3He) reaction at finite angles

We study the formation of deeply bound pionic atoms in the (d,3He) reactions theoretically and show the energy spectra of the emitted 3He at finite angles, which are expected to be observed experimentally. We find that the different combinations of the pion-bound and neutron-hole states dominate the spectra at different scattering angles because of the matching condition of the reaction. We conclude that the observation of the (d,3He) reaction at finite angles will provide the systematic information of the pionic bound states in each nucleus and will help to develop the study of the pion properties and the partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclei.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Precision spectroscopy of pionic 1s states of Sn nuclei and evidence for partial restoration of chiral symmetry in the nuclear medium

Deeply bound 1s states of $\pi^-$ in $^{115,119,123}$Sn were preferentially observed using the Sn($d$,$^3$He) pion-transfer reaction under the recoil-free condition. The 1s binding energies and widths were precisely determined, and were used to deduce the isovector parameter of the s-wave pion-nucleus potential to be $b_1 =-0.115\pm 0.007 ~m_{\pi}^{-1}$. The observed enhancement of $|b_1|$ over the free $\pi N$ value ($b_1^{\rm free}/b_1 = 0.78 \pm 0.05$) indicates a reduction of the chiral order parameter, $f^{*}_{\pi} (\rho)^2/f_{\pi}^2 \approx 0.64$, at the normal nuclear density, $\rho = \rho_0$.Comment: 4 pages including 3 postscript figures, RevTeX 4 with multirow.sty, submitted to Physical Review Letter

eta-Nucleus interactions and in-medium properties of N*(1535) in chiral models

The properties of eta-nucleus interaction and their experimental consequences are investigated with eta-nucleus optical potentials obtained by postulating the N*(1535) dominance for eta-N system. The N*(1535) properties in nuclear medium are evaluated by two kinds of chiral effective models based on distinct pictures of N*(1535). We find that these two models provide qualitatively different optical potentials of the eta meson, reflecting the in-medium properties of N*(1535) in these models. In order to compare these models in physical observables, we calculate spectra of (d,3He) reactions for the eta mesic nucleus formation with various kinds of target nuclei. We show that the (d,3He) spectra obtained in these models are significantly different and are expected to be distinguishable in experiments.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure

Angkor Borei and Protohistoric Trade Networks: A View from the Glass and Stone Bead Assemblage

40 pages. Published by University of Hawai'i Press: Carter, A.K., Dussubieux, L., Stark, M.T., & Gilg, H.A. (2021). Angkor Borei and Protohistoric Trade Networks: A View from the Glass and Stone Bead Assemblage. Asian Perspectives 60(1), 32-70. doi:10.1353/asi.2020.0036.Angkor Borei, Cambodia was an important urban center related to the early first millennium C.E. polity known as Funan. Excavations in the protohistoric period Vat Komnou Cemetery site uncovered over 1300 glass and stone beads, which are important material indicators of trade. In this article, we review data from earlier studies and add new previously unpublished data on glass and stone beads from this collection as well as previously unpublished glass compositional analyses from the nearby site of Oc Eo, Vietnam. Examinations of the glass beads highlight the presence of large quantities of high alumina mineral soda glass associated with Sri Lankan or South Indian bead production as well as smaller quantities of other glass types in circulation throughout Southeast Asia. Compositional and morphological studies of agate/carnelian beads show strong affinities with the Indian bead industry, while the garnet beads came from raw material sources in southern India. Overall, Angkor Borei's bead collection shows strong contacts with different regions of South Asia. Comparison with the bead assemblages of other contemporaneous sites demonstrate strong affinities with sites farther inland, such as Phum Snay and Prei Khmeng, Cambodia and Ban Non Wat, Thailand rather than other maritime coastal sites in Southeast Asia. We argue that the stone and glass beads at Angkor Borei are related to intensified interaction with South Asia and that elites at Angkor Borei used these exotic prestige goods to build alliances with sites farther inland forming an intraregional exchange network we call the Mekong Interaction Sphere.The authors wish to thank the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts in Cambodia which facilitated the study of the beads from Angkor Borei. Thanks also to Seth Quintus for discussion of Bayesian modeling of the Vat Komnou cemetery dates and Mike Shand for assistance with Figure 2. Thanks to Pierre-Yves Manguin for providing materials from Oc Eo and information on his work at this site. Carter's research was funded by the Henry Luce Foundation/ACLS Grants in East and Southeast Asian Archaeology and Early History Dissertation Fellowship, The Bead Society of Los Angeles, The Portland Bead Society, The Bead Study Trust, Graduate Women in Science–Beta Chapter, and the Geological Society of America. SEM was undertaken at the University of Wisconsin Department of Animal Sciences Microscopy Laboratories and the University of Oregon CAMCOR laboratory

Non-state nations: Structure, rescaling, and the role of territorial policy communities, illustrated by the cases of Wales and Sardinia

This paper explores the role of non-state nations’ identity and agency with regard to relations with their host nation states. The particular focus here is on the means by which such regions might express their individuality. To this end, we employ a comparative case study analysis of two non-state nations with a range of differing yet in other ways similar qualities – namely Wales (UK) and Sardinia (Italy). We suggest that this is a valuable exercise, allowing as it does for the exploring of evidence ‘on the ground’ of the processes involved. The conceptual rationale for the paper is provided by new regionalism – regions as actors beyond the nation state. Following this, the idea of the ‘territorial policy community’ is presented as a point of departure, with the scope of the paper being to develop a diachronic framework for regional change. Given the focus on identity and interest articulation, the role of regional political parties is a particular subject of the empirical investigation, with non-state nations and nation states linked by opportunistic relationships based on political and electoral support. We then consider what this might mean with regard to the capacity of non-state nations to build on the past to successfully negotiate future policy-making agendas. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of the study, and consider the implications of its findings for further research agendas

Level crossing of particle-hole and mesonic modes in eta mesic nuclei

We study eta meson properties in the infinite nuclear matter and in atomic nuclei with an emphasis on effects of the eta coupling to N*(1535)--nucleon-hole modes. The N*(1535) resonance, which dominates the low-energy eta-nucleon scattering, can be seen as a chiral partner of the nucleon. The change of the chiral mass gap between the N* and the nucleon in a nuclear medium has an impact on the properties of the eta-nucleus system. If the N*-nucleon mass gap decreases with a density increase (chiral symmetry restoration) the calculations show the existence of the resonance state at the energy about 60 MeV and two bound eta-nucleus states with the binding energies about -80 MeV. These states can have strong effect on predicted cross sections of the ^12C (gamma,p) ^11B reaction with eta-meson production.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure