A further experimental step in the analysis of hierarchical responding

This study is a step forward in the difficult task of analyzing the transformation of functions via hierarchical relations. Eight participants underwent a computer task with five phases. During Phase 1, four stimuli were trained to become the following relational cues: INCLUDES, BELONGS TO, SAME, and DIFFERENT. In Phase 2, three equivalence classes were trained and tested (A1-B1-C1-D1; A2-B2-C2-D2; A3-B3-C3-D3). During Phase 3, inclusion relations were first established, by using the INCLUDES and BELONGS TO relational cues, between the to-be lower levels of the hierarchy, namely A1/B1, A2/B2, and A3/B3; and stimuli X.1, X.2, and Y.1, respectively. Then, the INCLUDES relational cue was used to establish inclusion relations between X.1/X.2 and X, and between Y.1 and Y, so that X and Y would become the most inclusive levels of two separate hierarchical networks. In Phase 4, X.1 was established as cold, D2 as heavy, and C3 as sweet. Lastly, in Phase 5 (Critical Test), seven stimuli from both hierarchical networks were tested for the transformation of functions. Five of the six participants who made it to this test responded correctly. Implications, limitations, and further research are discussed

Brief ACT protocol in at-risk adolescents with conduct disorder and impulsivity

The aim of this preliminary research is to explore the effect of a brief protocol based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) applied to five adolescents (15-17 years old) with conduct disorder and impulsivity, who had received treatment for the last few years without positive results. Problematic behaviors were aggressive, impulsive, and oppositional reactions at school, home, and neighborhood (e.g., drugs or alcohol consumption, legal violations, oppositionist and defiant reactions, etc.). A brief ACT protocol was designed to functionally suit the presence of impulsivity and the absence of self-control repertory of these adolescents as well as the resistance to psychological treatment. The brief protocol was focused on four aspects: (a) to set a context between the therapist and the adolescents to promote the sense of personal responsibility, (b) to confront the adolescents with the effect of their behavior regulation (pros and cons) and the experience of creative hopelessness, (c) to clarify personally important valued directions, and (d) to promote defusion skills so that the adolescents could take charge of their private experiences and choose actions according to their values. Four 90-min, individual sessions were implemented over two weeks. Participants and teachersâ reports obtained before, during, and after the treatment implementation showed a high positive change. In addition, 1-year follow-up information showed an important change in a wide range of areas such as family, social relationships, school achievement, and occupational status. These results suggest that brief ACT protocols can have a great impact on at-risk population. Limitations were discussed

O jovem futebolista : uma proposta metodológica para o futebol de 7

Dissertação de mestrado em Treino Desportivo Para Crianças e Jovens, área Ciências do Desporto (Treino Desportivo), apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física da Universidade de CoimbraO desenvolvimento multidisciplinar, dos jovens futebolistas é um tema central para os clubes de futebol e também para todos os formadores desta modalidade. Sabendo que a formação do jogador tem em vista atingir o alto rendimento e, paralelamente, poder integrar a equipa sénior, não nos parece possível que isso aconteça, se não existir uma racionalização e uma conceptualização de todo o processo. Inerente a este processo está um conjunto de áreas abrangentes e complexas, que os treinadores devem ter conhecimento para se tornarem decisivos neste longo caminho, de forma a oferecerem aos jovens uma prática estruturada e competente no sentido de desenvolver as suas competências gerais e específicas da modalidade. Durante muito tempo o treino com crianças e jovens, bem como a competição, foi uma adaptação do que era realizado com os adultos sem olhar às diferenças contextuais. Apesar da evolução nesta área, a adequação da prática e toda a complexidade que lhe está subjacente é um tema que não está fortemente definido na literatura principalmente nas etapas das iniciais da formação. Neste sentido afigura-se pertinente refletir a propósito do processo de formação principalmente nas etapas de pré-especialização. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo elaborar uma proposta metodológica e conceptual para o Futebol na fase de pré-especialização centrando-se no desenvolvimento geral e específico das crianças e jovens. Para concretizar e suportar as ideias da proposta apresentada foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica das áreas que se consideraram pertinentes para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Portanto, nesta revisão foram abordados diferentes temas com importância significativa para o conhecimento específico da modalidade bem como dos modelos de ensino/treino e de desenvolvimento dos jovens a longo prazo. A proposta apresentada é contextualizada e sustentada pela revisão literária efetuada e pretende-se que seja uma ferramenta prática de apoios aos formadores da modalidade de Futebol, uma vez que foi dado a devida enfase a cada etapa da formação no Futebol de 7, com o objetivo de potenciar os jovens atletas da forma mais criteriosa e calculada tendo conta as suas idades e fases de crescimento. The multidisciplinary development of the young football players is a main issue for football clubs and also to all trainers of this genre. Knowing that the football training aims to achieve the high performance and, in parallel, to integrate in the senior team, it does not seem possible that this happens, if does not exist rationalisation and conceptualisation of all the process. Inherent to this process is a wide range of fields in depth and complex that the coaches should have knowledge to became decisive in this long path, to offer to the young ones a structured and vaste practice aiming to develop their general and specific competencies of the genre. For long time training with children and young, as well as the competition, it was an adaptation of what was realised with the grownups without looking to the contextual differences. Despite the evolution, the practice and all the inherent complexity is a theme not completely in the books, mainly in training initial stages. In this way, makes sense to think about the goal of the training process, mainly in first stages. Present work aims to build a methodological and conceptual proposal in the first stages, focusing in the general and specific development of the children and young.To achieve and support the idea of the presented proposal it was done a bibliographic research of the main areas for work development. So, in this revision were approach different important themes for the specific knowledge of the genre as well as training/teaching models and for the long term development of the young. The presented proposal is based and supported by the literature revision done and expected to be a practical tool to support the trainers of Football once it was focused each stage for Football 7, aiming to show up the young athletes in a more specific and calculated way, taking into account their ages and grow stages

Analysis of luxury resort hotels by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Fuzzy Delphi Method

Experience Economy is an accelerator switching the experience process of consumption into eternal memory, perfecting value and promoting positive after-buying intention. This research uses the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to construct a system of evaluation criteria focused on understanding the luxury resort hotels (LRHs) industry in Taiwan and Macao. One finding of this study is that objective hotels in these two territories exhibit different hotel operating characteristic (the unity LRHs mode in Taiwan vs involving casino LRHs in Macao) and customer markets. These Macanese LRHs define them as international operations, in contrast the Taiwanese position themselves as domestic businesses. The other finding is that Taiwan based evaluation criteria on consumer-orientation and operation and management, while Macao stressed evaluation based on operation and management to manage LRHs industry

A contribution of fuzzy logic to sustainable tourism through a case analysis in Brazil

Society is increasingly concerned about environmental, social and economic issues. According to the World Tourism Organization, over the past six decades, tourism has experienced a continuous expansion and diversification to become one of the fastest-growing economic sectors in the world. Furthermore, studies affirm the complexity of the tourism sector and the fact that sustainable development depends on various topics that are not correctly identified by managers and policymakers. For these reasons, this paper aims to reflect on the effects of tourism and to propose alternatives that can be sustainably managed. In terms of results, knowledge gaps have been identified and, through a case analysis in Brazil, the forgotten effects of tourism activity that can have an impact on sustainable development have been exposed. Also, an algorithm has been presented to manage uncertainty and facilitate decision-making (...

Los efectos olvidados de la pandemia del Covid-19, sobre el envejecimiento de la población

La humanidad experimenta cambios intensos y frecuentes provocados por la pandemia causada por el COVID-19, lo que aumenta la incertidumbre y la complejidad en la toma de decisiones. Nuevos desafíos pasan ser urgentes, principalmente a los temas relacionados al envejecimiento de la población, ya que el coronavirus afecta más a los mayores que a los adultos. La necesidad de encontrar alternativas para preservar la calidad de vida y manutención laboral de los mayores pasan a ser grandes desafíos para la sociedad. En este contexto, la ciencia desempeña un papel importante en la propuesta de nuevas soluciones para resolver los problemas derivados de esta crisis, siendo esta la principal motivación. Los objetivos del articulo son conocer los efectos olvidados de la pandemia sobre los adultos mayores económicamente activos e indicar cómo la Lógica Difusa puede ayudar a reducir los riesgos facilitando la toma de decisiones. La principal contribución seria identificar correctamente sus causas y efectos, como, por ejemplo, la brecha digital y pérdida de empleo por este grupo etario, y apuntar medidas correctivas. La metodología del estudio se basa en la investigación aplicada, con un enfoque cuantitativo de modelización y simulación a través del uso de la Teoría de los Efectos Olvidados. Los resultados permiten predecir y actuar de manera más eficaz sobre los problemas, buscando aumentar el bienestar, empleabilidad y expectativa de vida de los mayores. El estudio destaca las futuras líneas de investigación sobre el tema

Chemical control of watermelon gummy stem blight

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de fungicidas e da adubação de cobertura na severidade do crestamento gomoso do caule, em melancia (Citrullus lanatus). Foram conduzidos dois ensaios fatoriais em campo, no Projeto Formoso, Tocantins, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, e parcelas experimentais de 30 x 10 m. Para o ensaio I, os tratamentos (fator a) constaram dos seguintes ingredientes ativos de fungicidas/100 l de água ou ha: (1) mancozeb (MANC)-160,2 ml, (2) tiofanato metílico (TM)-49 g, (3) carbendazim-500 ml, (4) tebuconazole-20 g, (5) difenoconazole (DIFE)-75 ml, (6) tiofanato metílico-40 g + clorotalonil-100 g, (7) oxicloreto de cobre-168 g, (8) trifloxistrobina-87,5 g + propiconazole-87,5 g, (9) mancozeb-80 ml + difenoconazole-37,2 ml e (10) testemunha. No fator b, estudou-se a adubação de cobertura (N-K) nos níveis de 30-20 e 90-60 kg/ha. A severidade da doença nas folhas foi avaliada com uma escala de notas de 0 a 9. Para o ensaio II, repetiram-se os tratamentos do fator a, enquanto o fator b (níveis de adubação), foram: 60-40 e 120-80 kg/ha de N-K. Nos dois ensaios as menores Áreas Abaixo da Curva de Progresso de Doença (AACPD) foram obtidas com MANC + DIFE, TM + clorothalonil, MANC, trifloxistrobina + propiconazole e oxicloreto de cobre. A adubação de cobertura não influenciou a severidade da doença. As produtividades mais altas foram obtidas com TM + clorotalonil, MANC + DIFE e MANC que diferiram estatisticamente do DIFE, testemunha e trifloxistrobina + propiconazole

Using conceptual developments in RFT to direct case formulation and clinical intervention: Two case summaries

The current paper is part of an ongoing effort to better connect RFT with the complexities of clinical phenomena. The paper outlines two broad areas, referred to as ‘verbal functional analysis’ and the ‘drill-down’, in which we believe the basic theory is showing increasingly direct application to therapy. The paper also comprises two case summaries in which verbal functional analysis and the drill-down featured strongly in case formulation and clinical focus. Case 1 involves an adult woman who presented with paranoia, had been diagnosed with psychosis, and had an extended history of familial and other abuse. Case 2 describes a teenager who had been placed in foster care, following parental neglect. For comparative purposes and to provide exemplars of similar functional-analytic processes, both case summaries are presented in a similar format. The article attempts to illustrate how therapeutic work can be connected to the basic theory and argues that it will be important in future work to further expand these connections with ongoing developments in RFT

Modelo para la detección de causas indirectas

En los estudios socio económicos, resulta interesante analizar que grado de incidencia tienen algunas causas sobre los diversos efectos que deseamos conseguir. A partir de las matrices de incidencia, podremos investigar las diversas relaciones de causa a efecto que no son fáciles de descubrir de manera directa únicamente a través de la intuición o la experiencia. La importancia de las causas y de los efectos de segunda, tercera,... generación se dejan notar en todos los ámbitos de decisión, sea en el terreno de las decisiones políticas, económicas o empresariales, y por tanto realizaremos las gestiones oportunas para detectarlos. Pretendemos poder dejar al descubierto aquellos efectos de segunda generación que surgen en la mayoría de casos, entendiendo como a tales, aquellos efectos que no suelen ser previstos por el sujeto de manera directa, al menos en primera instancia, y que por lo tanto no son tomados en consideración cuando se pretende tomar determinadas decisiones esperando resultados a corto plazo. Para finalizar nuestro trabajo, presentaremos un ejemplo ilustrativo sobre nuestro trabajo.En los estudios socio económicos, resulta interesante analizar que grado de incidencia tienen algunas causas sobre los diversos efectos que deseamos conseguir. A partir de las matrices de incidencia, podremos investigar las diversas relaciones de causa a efecto que no son fáciles de descubrir de manera directa únicamente a través de la intuición o la experiencia. La importancia de las causas y de los efectos de segunda, tercera,... generación se dejan notar en todos los ámbitos de decisión, sea en el terreno de las decisiones políticas, económicas o empresariales, y por tanto realizaremos las gestiones oportunas para detectarlos. Pretendemos poder dejar al descubierto aquellos efectos de segunda generación que surgen en la mayoría de casos, entendiendo como a tales, aquellos efectos que no suelen ser previstos por el sujeto de manera directa, al menos en primera instancia, y que por lo tanto no son tomados en consideración cuando se pretende tomar determinadas decisiones esperando resultados a corto plazo. Para finalizar nuestro trabajo, presentaremos un ejemplo ilustrativo sobre nuestro trabajo