Formare alla Ricerca Empirica in Educazione. Atti del Convegno Nazionale del Gruppo di Lavoro SIPED, Teorie e Metodi della Ricerca in Educazione

Questo volume raccoglie gli Atti del Convegno Nazionale dal titolo \u201cFormare alla Ricerca Empirica in Educazione\u201d che si \ue8 tenuto a Bologna il 18 novembre 2016, in merito alle modalit\ue0 di insegnamento e formazione alla ricerca empirica in educazione. Il convegno \ue8 stato organizzato dal Gruppo di Lavoro SIPED, Teorie e Metodi della Ricerca Empirica in Educazione, coordinato da Luigina Mortari (Universit\ue0 di Verona) e Massimiliano Tarozzi (Universit\ue0 di Bologna). La giornata di convegno ha previsto una prima parte in plenaria, al mattino, e il pomeriggio in sessioni parallele per la presentazione di contributi su specifici temi di ricerca con una particolare attenzione alle questioni metodologiche. Oltre 40 studiosi, ricercatrici e ricercatori italiani, hanno messo a dibattito le proprie domande di ricerca, i disegni e i protocolli di studio, hanno discusso strategie di raccolta e analisi dei dati, hanno condiviso i risultati. Questo volume raccoglie i loro lavori, componendo un'interessante ampiezza di interessi di ricerca e di riflessioni metodologiche importanti. Ciascun contributo risponde al bisogno, fondamentale, della ricerca scientifica, di essere pubblica e trasparente, di essere condivisa e, per questo, criticata, vagliata e validata. Questo volume, che mantiene il titolo del convegno pu\uf2, quindi, essere preso come luogo di formazione e discussione delle competenze necessarie per condurre ricerche empiriche in educazione

Laryngectomized patients caregivers' life experience: A phenomenological study

Background: Laryngectomized patients often depend on their caregivers who have a central and difficult role in supporting them dealing with financial, social, and relational issues. In fact, they feel very responsible and committed, especially considering the time devoted to take care of their beloved. Besides, providing care induces caregivers high stress levels, emotional distress, anxiety and the fear of cancer recurrence or progress. Few studies investigated laryngectomized patients caregivers\u2019 life experience during both the whole course of illness and at the end of the treatment. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to explore, through a phenomenological approach, the lived-experience of primary family caregivers of laryngectomized patients undergoing radical surgery. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured and audiotaped interviews were held with 12 laryngectomized patients\u2019 primary family caregivers. Data were analysed using the descriptive phenomenological approach outlined by Colaizzi. Results: Three key themes emerged: the caregivers lived experience of illness; the change of caregivers\u2019 daily life and how they support their sick beloved. The experience of caregivers\u2019 lived relations changes from being a family member to a supportive carer, and the illness of their beloved negatively affects their psychological lived experience. Their perception of time and Quality of Life change as their perception of the future becomes uncertain. Finally, they feel guilty mainly because of the limited amount of time they can devote to their beloved. Conclusions: The study findings allowed to understand in depth how the presence of a laryngectomized person in the family may affect the life of the caregiver, even after the treatment phase. This suggests the need for healthcare professionals to support caregivers throughout the whole care journey and especially in dealing with the perception of time during the diagnosis and care phases. Further research should be conducted on factors contributing to time perception alteration and possible interventions to support caregivers to cope with it

The experience of dysgeusia in allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation survivors: A qualitative study

Background: Taste disorders are one of the most common side effects of treatment in oncology patients and often occur after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Dysgeusia is rarely a life-threatening complication, therefore, in many cases it does not receive close medical attention. Furthermore, information about this disorder is largely based on the clinician’s own experience. However, taste disorders, can impact on the quality of life in survivors of allo-HCT, and compromise their enjoyment of eating, food intake, weight and nutritional status. The number of performed annual transplantations continues to grow annually and the number of older long-term survivors increases. There is little literature that is focused on studies of survivors of allo-HCT with taste disorders. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study to explore experiences of dysgeusia in patients that have undergone of allo-HCT and examined what strategies they used to mitigate it. Methods: Using purposive sampling, survivors of allo-HCT were recruited. Audiotape interviews were conducted until data saturation was achieved. Each interview was transcribed verbatim, and content analyses were performed to extract significant themes and subthemes. Results: Three major themes embracing various aspects of allo-HCT survivors’ experiences were identified: 1) the shape of taste; 2) everything is irritating and it is arduous to eat; 3) finding new strategies to overcome the problems. Together, they highlight the experiences of survivors showing how taste disorders can affect the physical, psychological and social dimensions of a person for the rest of their life. Conclusions: A cumulative burden is the result of dysgeusia and its clinical course reinforced also by related symptoms. Healthcare professionals must focus their attention on the management of these symptoms and offer interventions to safeguard the patient’s social, physical and psychological well-being. Finally, further research is needed to explore the experiences of allo-HTC patients who have taste disorders throughout their cancer journey that introduces a more holistic approach which involves health professionals, caregivers and family members

Geophysical imaging unveils the largest pull-apart basin in East Antarctica

West Antarctica hosts one of the largest continental rift systems on Earth, the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS) that forms the lithospheric cradle for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The WARS is known to have experienced several stages of extension starting with distributed/wide mode extension in the Cretaceous, followed by narrower mode and variably oblique extension in the Cenozoic, the latter potentially triggered by the onset of oceanic seafloor spreading in the Adare Basin (Davey et al., 2016, GRL). However, the extent and impact of Cenozoic extension and transtension within the Transantarctic Mountains sector of East Antarctica is much less well understood. Here we present results from a new project (REGGAE) that by analysing aeromagnetic, aerogravity and land-gravity and bedrock topography images and models provides key new geophysical constraints on the form, extent and kinematics of the largest Cenozoic pull-apart basin recognised so far in East Antarctica, the Rennick Graben (RG). Potential field imaging reveals the extent of part of a Jurassic tholeiitic Large Igneous Province preserved within the RG and helps delineate the inherited structural architecture of the underlying Ross-age basement in northern Victoria Land, including highly magnetic arc basement in the northern Wilson Terrane and the subglacial extent of a thrust fault belt located between the western flank of the RG and the eastern margin of Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB). We show that the RG is a major composite right-lateral pull-part basin that extends from the Oates Coast to the Southern Cross Mountains crustal block and propose that it is kinematically connected with both the western edge of the WARS and the eastern margin of the WSB. More cryptic evidence for an earlier phase of left-lateral strike slip deformation is also emerging from our recent geological field work in the study region and relatively subtle offsets in aeromagnetic anomaly patterns. Our findings suggest that the RG is part of a distributed region of the continental lithosphere in East Antarctica that was preferentially deformed in response to Cenozoic transtensional stresses that likely also facilitated propagation of accelerated oceanic transform faulting in the adjacent oceanic lithosphere located between southeastern Australia and Tasmania

Adaptation of the Core Set for Vocational Rehabilitation for Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Consensus-Based Study

Purpose: The Core Set for Vocational Rehabilitation (CS-VR) of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) describes the work functioning of individuals in need of VR. We aimed to adapt the CS-VR from the perspective of cancer survivors (CSs) and stakeholders, developing a CS-VR-Onco. Methods: We held five focus groups with 17 CSs who were employed at the time of diagnosis, to discuss their work reintegration experiences. After analyzing the focus group conversations, the CS-VR-Onco was developed. During a group interview, eleven stakeholders explored barriers/facilitations in assessing the work functioning of CSs by using the CS-VR-Onco. We applied the framework method and thematic analysis. Results: For the focus groups, the CS-VR-Onco of 85 categories emerged, and the ICF chapters of Mental functions, Exercise and tolerance functions, Interpersonal interactions and relationships, Major life areas, General tasks and demands, Mobility, Support and relationships, and Attitudes were prioritized. For the group interview, stakeholders\u2019 perspectives can be synthetized into two themes: close to the lived experience and usability criteria. Stakeholders confirmed the categories of the CS-VR-Onco, a checklist that should be used through an integrated approach across multiple disciplines. Conclusions: The adapted CS-VR-Onco reflects the CSs\u2019 lived experiences of work reintegration and the factors that have influenced this process. The CS-VR-Onco was described as complete and usable through an integrated approach

Health professionals and students’ experiences of reflective writing in learning: A qualitative meta-synthesis

Background: Reflective writing provides an opportunity for health professionals and students to learn from their mistakes, successes, anxieties, and worries that otherwise would remain disjointed and worthless. This systematic review addresses the following question: “What are the experiences of health professionals and students in applying reflective writing during their education and training?” Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. Our search comprised six electronic databases: MedLine, Embase, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Eric, and Scopus. Our initial search produced 1237 titles, excluding duplicates that we removed. After title and abstract screening, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified descriptive themes and the conceptual elements explaining the health professionals’ and students’ experience using reflective writing during their academic and in-service training by performing a meta-synthesis. Results: We identified four main categories (and related sub-categories) through the meta-synthesis: reflection and reflexivity, accomplishing learning potential, building a philosophical and empathic approach, and identifying reflective writing feasibility. We placed the main categories into an interpretative model which explains the users’ experiences of reflective writing during their education and training. Reflective writing triggered reflection and reflexivity that allows, on the one hand, skills development, professional growth, and the ability to act on change; on the other hand, the acquisition of empathic attitudes and sensitivity towards one’s own and others’ emotions. Perceived barriers and impeding factors and facilitating ones, like timing and strategies for using reflective writing, were also identified. Conclusions: The use of this learning methodology is crucial today because of the recognition of the increasing complexity of healthcare contexts requiring professionals to learn advanced skills beyond their clinical ones. Implementing reflective writing-based courses and training in university curricula and clinical contexts can benefit human and professional development

Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing

The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers similar to 10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Ychromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic expansion starting similar to 2.1-4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe.Peer reviewe