Karyologische Variabilität in Kreuzungsnachkommen – eine Herausforderung bei der Züchtung neuer Baldriansorten (Valeriana officinalis L.

In der Studie wurden die unterschiedlichen Ploidiestufen von Baldrianpopulationen (Herkünfte und deren Kreuzungsnachkommen) untersucht. Mittels Chromosomenzählung konnten die Ploidiestufen der Elternherkünfte bestätigt werden. Dabei zeigten die Kreuzungsnachkommen zum Teil unerwartete Ploidieniveaus.Ploidy levels in crossbred descendants – a challenge in the breeding of new varieties of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L. sl)The different ploidy levels of valerian populations (provenance populations and their crossbred descendants) were studied. Using chromosome counting the already known ploidy levels of the parental populations could be confirmed.The crossbred descendants showed partly unexpected ploidy levels

Designing of a volcano simulator

Peer Reviewe

Designing of a vulcano simulator

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Die Verwendung von Isoenzym-Polymorphismen - eine Herausforderungen bei der Züchtung neuer Baldriansorten (Valeriana officinalis L. s.l.)

Mit Hilfe von Isoenzym-Polymorphismen sollte versucht werden, biochemische Unterschiede (Fingerprint) zwischen verschiedenen Baldrianherkünften darzustellen, um im Anschluss diejenigen Individuen zu finden, die durch Kreuzung und nicht durch Selbstung entstanden sind. Bei Baldrian konnte für diese Methode kein Verfahrensprotokoll etabliert werden, womit auch eine Untersuchung von Kreuzungsnachkommen nicht erfolgte. The Application of Isozyme-Polymorphism – a challenge in the breeding of new varieties of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L. sl)The aim of this work was to develop a method to distinguish different origins of valerian by isozyme polymorphisms (fingerprint) in order to identify selfings and crossings in breeding generations. In valerian a protocol could not be established, whereby an analysis in crossbreed descendants also did not happen

The timing and widespread effects of the largest Holocene volcanic eruption in Antarctica.

The caldera collapse of Deception Island Volcano, Antarctica, was comparable in scale to some of the largest eruptions on Earth over the last several millennia. Despite its magnitude and potential for far-reaching environmental effects, the age of this event has never been established, with estimates ranging from the late Pleistocene to 3370 years before present. Here we analyse nearby lake sediments in which we identify a singular event produced by Deception Island's caldera collapse that occurred 3980 ± 125 calibrated years before present. The erupted tephra record the distinct geochemical composition of ejecta from the caldera-forming eruption, whilst an extreme seismic episode is recorded by lake sediments immediately overlying the collapse tephra. The newly constrained caldera collapse is now the largest volcanic eruption confirmed in Antarctica during the Holocene. An examination of palaeorecords reveals evidence in marine and lacustrine sediments for contemporaneous seismicity around the Antarctic Peninsula; synchronous glaciochemical volcanic signatures also record the eruption in ice cores spread around Antarctica, reaching >4600 km from source. The widespread footprint suggests that this eruption would have had significant climatic and ecological effects across a vast area of the south polar region

Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of resistance to stripe rust in current Central and Northern European winter wheat germplasm

Stripe or yellow rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive wheat diseases. Sustainable management of wheat stripe rust can be achieved through the deployment of rust resistant cultivars. To detect effective resistance loci for use in breeding programs, an association mapping panel of 230 winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Northern and Central Europe was employed. Genotyping with the Illumina® iSelect® 25 K Infinium® single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array yielded 8812 polymorphic markers. Structure analysis revealed two subpopulations with 92 Austrian breeding lines and cultivars, which were separated from the other 138 genotypes from Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, and Switzerland. Genome-wide association study for adult plant stripe rust resistance identified 12 SNP markers on six wheat chromosomes which showed consistent effects over several testing environments. Among these, two marker loci on chromosomes 2BS (RAC875_c1226_652) and 6AL (Tdurum_contig29607_413) were highly predictive in three independent validation populations of 1065, 1001, and 175 breeding lines. Lines with the resistant haplotype at both loci were nearly free of stipe rust symptoms. By using mixed linear models with those markers as fixed effects, we could increase predictive ability in the three populations by 0.13–0.46 compared to a standard genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach. The obtained results facilitate an efficient selection for stripe rust resistance against the current pathogen population in the Northern and Central European winter wheat gene pool.publishedVersio

Magnetic Catalysis: A Review

We give an overview of the magnetic catalysis phenomenon. In the framework of quantum field theory, magnetic catalysis is broadly defined as an enhancement of dynamical symmetry breaking by an external magnetic field. We start from a brief discussion of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the role of a magnetic field in its a dynamics. This is followed by a detailed presentation of the essential features of the phenomenon. In particular, we emphasize that the dimensional reduction plays a profound role in the pairing dynamics in a magnetic field. Using the general nature of underlying physics and its robustness with respect to interaction types and model content, we argue that magnetic catalysis is a universal and model-independent phenomenon. In support of this claim, we show how magnetic catalysis is realized in various models with short-range and long-range interactions. We argue that the general nature of the phenomenon implies a wide range of potential applications: from certain types of solid state systems to models in cosmology, particle and nuclear physics. We finish the review with general remarks about magnetic catalysis and an outlook for future research.Comment: 37 pages, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Yee. Version 2: references adde

The timing and widespread effects of the largest Holocene volcanic eruption in Antarctica

The caldera collapse of Deception Island Volcano, Antarctica, was comparable in scale to some of the largest eruptions on Earth over the last several millennia. Despite its magnitude and potential for far-reaching environmental effects, the age of this event has never been established, with estimates ranging from the late Pleistocene to 3370 years before present. Here we analyse nearby lake sediments in which we identify a singular event produced by Deception Island’s caldera collapse that occurred 3980 ± 125 calibrated years before present. The erupted tephra record the distinct geochemical composition of ejecta from the caldera-forming eruption, whilst an extreme seismic episode is recorded by lake sediments immediately overlying the collapse tephra. The newly constrained caldera collapse is now the largest volcanic eruption confirmed in Antarctica during the Holocene. An examination of palaeorecords reveals evidence in marine and lacustrine sediments for contemporaneous seismicity around the Antarctic Peninsula; synchronous glaciochemical volcanic signatures also record the eruption in ice cores spread around Antarctica, reaching >4600 km from source. The widespread footprint suggests that this eruption would have had significant climatic and ecological effects across a vast area of the south polar region

Workshop: Hochschuldidaktische Konsequenzen aus zwei Semestern Krisenlehre

Die Umstellung des Lehrbetriebs an den Hochschulen auf Online-Lehre hat nicht nur technische, sondern vor allem auch didaktische Herausforderungen mit sich gebracht, die vielfältig – und zum Teil sehr unterschiedlich – beantwortet wurden. An einer systematischen hochschulübergreifenden Auswertung fehlt es bislang aber noch. Im hir dokumentierten Workshop wurde der aktuelle Stand exemplarisch vorgestellt und diskutiert, wie es gelingen kann, dass die wertvollen Erfahrungen dieser Zeit nicht mit der Rückkehr zur Präsenzlehre verloren gehen