Selective Dissolution in Copper-Tin Alloys: Formation of Corrosion-Resistant Patina on Ancient Chinese Bronze Mirrors

Many ancient Chinese bronze mirrors have survived with a patina that leaves the delicate relief surface decorations intact. The microstructure of these ancient mirrors is two-phase and consists of acicular {alpha}-phase (Cu-rich) regions encased in a {delta}-phase (Sn-rich) matrix. At the surface, there is evidence of selective dissolution of the ct phase; the cc-phase regions are replaced pseudomorphically by a mineral product with the {delta} phase remaining metallic. Electrochemical polarization has been used to drive the copper dealloying process in modem, cast bronze. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction was employed to compare the ancient samples with those that were prepared potentiostatically. Poorly crystallized tin oxide (SnO{sub 2}) was found in the {alpha} replacement products of both sample types. The corrosion-resistance of the potentiostatically-treated bronze samples was tested by atmospheric exposure. Comparison with exposed, untreated samples indicated that the treatment was protective

Quantifying Wraparound Health Insurance Needs among Employed People with Disabilities

A presentation about insurance coverage for health care services and supports for people with disabilities who work. “Wrap-around” coverage (or other policy) options may be a viable solution and support employment among people with disabilities. Presentation for the 2015 Academy Health Disability Research Interest Group

Accounting for Geographic Variation in Social Security Disability Program Participation

There is wide geographic variation in Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplementary Security Income participation across the United States. Some policymakers and members of the public may assume that interregional administrative inconsistencies are a major reason for the geographic variation. To test this assumption, and to reveal other potential explanations for the variation, we decompose the total variation into components by examining regional differences in disability prevalence and in program participation among persons with disabilities as well as the correlation between those two factors. We further decompose the variation in participation among persons with disabilities into socioeconomic components. Our findings strongly suggest that geographic variation in program participation is mainly an indication of geographic variation in disability prevalence and socioeconomic characteristics and that inconsistency in program administration is not a major reason for the variation

Economic Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction Among Working and Non-Working Adults with Disabilities

Working-age adults with disabilities in the US are more than twice as likely to live in poverty as those without disabilities; poverty rates are greater among non-working people with disabilities compared to those who work. Poverty-associated stress compounds the challenges faced daily by people living with disability. We examined satisfaction with finances, worries about meeting monthly expenses, and overall life satisfaction among working and non-working adults with disabilities using a 2010 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) follow-up survey of working-age adults with disabilities (n=882). The MA BRFSS Disability and Employment Follow-Up Survey gathered information on work participation, work-related barriers and multiple dimensions of economic wellbeing among people with disabilities. Thirty-seven percent of survey respondents with disabilities reported currently working. Logistic regression analyses showed that, controlling for demographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status and education), health status, need for personal or routine care, and insurance status, working respondents were significantly more likely to report satisfaction with finances (OR=1.99, 95% CI=1.07-3.72) and significantly less likely to report being worried about meeting expenses (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.19-0.68) than non-working respondents. Having private vs. public insurance was also significantly associated with satisfaction with finances; poorer health and the need for personal or routine care were significantly associated with worrying about meeting expenses. Employment was not significantly related to overall life satisfaction. Employment contributes to enhanced economic well-being and decreased financial worries among people with disabilities. Implications of finding for services for people with disabilities will be discussed. Presented at the American Public Health Association (APHA) 141st Annual Meeting and Exposition

Synthesis and acid resistance of maya blue pigment

Maya blue is an organo-clay artificial pigment composed of indigo and palygorskite. It was invented and frequently used in Mesoamerica in ancient times (eighth to 16th centuries). We analyse in this paper one of the characteristics of Maya blue that has attracted the attention of scientists since its rediscovery in 1931: its high stability against chemical aggression (acids, alkalis, solvents, etc.) and biodegradation, which has permitted the survival of many works of art for centuries in hostile environments, such as the tropical forest. We have reproduced the different methods proposed to produce a synthetic pigment with the characteristics of the ancient Maya blue. The stability of the pigments produced using either palygorskite or sepiolite has been analysed by performing acid attacks of different intensities. The results are analysed in terms of pigment decolouration and destruction of the clay lattice, revealed by X-ray diffraction. Palygorskite pigments are much more resistant than sepiolite pigments. It is shown that indigo does not protect the clay lattice against acid aggression. We show that Maya blue is an extremely resistant pigment, but it can be destroyed using very intense acid treatment under reflux

Materiales utilizados en la policromía de la fachada de Pedro I (Real Alcázar de Sevilla, España)

This research has been conducted on the architectural decoration of the façade of the Palace of King Pedro I (The Royal Alcazar of Seville, Spain). The stratigraphic study of pictorial layers has revealed numerous interventions made on the polychrome decorations that have been related to those referenced in historical documents. Mineralogical and compositional studies of the natural and synthetic pigments and their alteration have provided an independent chronology for the polychrome decorations. Finally, this study has revealed the importance of colour of the decorative elements over the history of the palace.El estudio de la fachada del palacio de Pedro I ha puesto de manifiesto la existencia de un gran número de policromías realizadas con una amplia variedad de pigmentos de diferentes cronologías. Mediante diversas técnicas analíticas han sido diferenciadas y caracterizadas química y mineralógicamente. El estudio estratigráfico detallado de las diferentes policromías ha permitido relacionarlas con las sucesivas intervenciones documentadas, comprobando así la gran importancia que el color ha tenido en todas las épocas o momentos históricos del Palacio

Antimicrobial potential and chemical and bioactive compounds in agroindustrial by-products from peach/ Potencial antimicrobiano e compostos químicos e bioativos em subprodutos agroindustriais de pêssego

The objective was to determine the antimicrobial potential and evaluate the chemical and bioactive compounds in the by-products of peach syrup production, which were “substandard peaches” and the peach kernel almond and its extracts. The analyses included total soluble solids, pH, total titratable acidity, centesimal composition, vitamin C, carotenoids, total antioxidant activity, total phenols, antifungal potential, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The most concentrated extracts from the peach and peach kernel almond presented higher antioxidant activity in IC50, with levels of 2.66 and 7.88 ?g. mL-¹ respectively. The total phenol content was 253.4 mg GAE.100g-¹ for the peach and 29.3 mg GAE.100g-¹ for the almond. The extracts tested showed no antifungal potential; however, the extracts of peach and almond presented antibacterial potential against S. Typhimurim and S. aureus bacteria. The MIC for kernel almond and peach extracts against S. aureus was 0.75 mg.mL-1 for both, but these did not present CBM. The extracts obtained from the peach by-products did not present antifungal activity, but the peach almond showed an inhibitory effect on S. aureus. The peach and peach kernel almond presented significant antioxidant activity and phenolic compound contents, owning high levels of bioactive compounds

Clinical Topic Review: Behavioral Health Screening for Children with Well Visits

The first Clinical Topic Review was conducted in order to better understand how behavioral health screenings were occurring for children and adolescents during well visits prior to the implementation of a requirement that primary care providers perform behavioral health screening using a standardized behavioral health screening tool during every well child visit