From core–shell BaTiO3@MgO to nanostructured low dielectric loss ceramics by spark plasma sintering

We report a quite general way to design materials with tailored properties by combining thermolysis and fast sintering approaches. Submicrometric-sized BaTiO3 particles have been directly coated in a continuous nanocrystalline MgO shell through a thermal decomposition process. The electron microscopy study has evidenced a shell composed of randomly oriented MgO nanocrystallites. The final nanostructured composite, made of sub-micrometric MgO and BaTiO3 grains uniformly distributed, is obtained in situ during the SPS process. Such a rearrangement can be explained by the initial core–shell architecture, the weak cohesion of the MgO nanocrystallites and their soft plastic behavior under SPS conditions. The composite effect leads to significant modifications in both the dielectric properties and Curie–Weiss parameters compared to uncoated BaTiO3, especially a decrease and thermal stabilization of both the permittivity and the dielectric losses. We ascribe such changes to the stress generated during SPS through the extended interfaces between the two components

Quantifying circulating cell-free DNA in humans

Abstract To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on the influence of several pre-analytical and demographic parameters that could be a source of variability in the quantification of nuclear and mitochondrial circulating DNA (NcirDNA and McirDNA). We report data from a total of 222 subjects, 104 healthy individuals and 118 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Approximately 50,000 and 3,000-fold more mitochondrial than nuclear genome copies were found in the plasma of healthy individuals and mCRC patients, respectively. In healthy individuals, NcirDNA concentration was statistically influenced by age (p = 0.009) and gender (p = 0.048). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression specified that age over 47 years-old was predictive to have higher NcirDNA concentration (OR = 2.41; p = 0.033). McirDNA concentration was independent of age and gender in healthy individuals. In mCRC patients, NcirDNA and McirDNA levels were independent of age, gender, delay between food intake and blood collection, and plasma aspect, either with univariate or multivariate analysis. Nonetheless, ad hoc study suggested that menopause and blood collection time might have tendency to influence cirDNA quantification. In addition, high significant statistical differences were found between mCRC patients and healthy individuals for NcirDNA (p < 0.0001), McirDNA (p < 0.0001) and McirDNA/NcirDNA ratio (p < 0.0001). NcirDNA and McirDNA levels do not vary in the same way with regards to cancer vs healthy status, pre-analytical and demographic factors

Systematic analysis of candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease in a French, genome-wide association study

We selected twenty genes from the "Top Results" list on the AlzGene database website and assessed their association with risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a large, genome-wide association study (using 526 SNPs from 2,032 AD cases and 5,328 controls) performed in France. The APOE, CLU, PICALM, and CR1 loci were excluded, since they had already been extensively analyzed. Ten genes/loci (TFAM, SORL1, CHRNB2, SORCS1, DAPK1, MTHFR, GWA 14q32.13, BDNF, NEDD9, and CH25H) showed weak nominal association with AD risk, in line with previous studies. In the remaining ten genes/loci (TNK1, ACE, CST3, IL1B, hCG2039140, PRNP, GAB2, LOC651924, IL1A, and TF), no single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated in our dataset. Of the genes showing nominal association in our cohorts, TFAM and CHRNB2 appear particularly interesting and warrant further genetic and functional follow-up analyses

Design and characterization of a single photoelectron calibration system for the NectarCAM camera of the medium-sized telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

International audienceIn this work, we describe the optical properties of the single photoelectron (SPE) calibration system designed for NectarCAM, a camera proposed for the Medium Sized Telescopes (MST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). One of the goals of the SPE system, as integral part of the NectarCAM camera, consists in measuring with high accuracy the gain of its photo-detection chain. The SPE system is based on a white painted screen where light pulses are injected through a fishtail light guide from a dedicated flasher. The screen – placed 15 mm away from the focal plane – is mounted on an XY motorization that allows movements over all the camera plane. This allows in-situ measurements of the SPE spectra via a complete scan of the 1855 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) of NectarCAM. This calibration process will enable the reduction of the systematic uncertainties on the energy reconstruction of γ -rays coming from distant astronomical sources and detected by CTA.We discuss the design of the screen used in the calibration system and we present its optical performances in terms of light homogeneity and timing of the signal

Dip-coated screen for gain calibration and alignment of gamma-ray telescope mirrors

In this communication, we will present a dual-purpose calibration system of NectarCAM, a medium-size-telescope camera proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The device is based on a white diffuse-reflective screen mounted on an XY motorization to reach every location in the focal plane, including a parking position when not in use. The design of the system was led by the requirements to perform the mirror alignment and the study of the telescope Point Spread Function (PSF) on one side (A), and to calibrate the photodetection chains (one for each of the 1855 photomultiplier tubes) of the camera in single photoelectron mode on the other side (B). The main requirement for the calibration device consists in producing a high-reflective (> 90% between 450 nm and 700 nm) and diffusive (following Lambert's cosine law) surface for side A. The other side, B, should emit an homogeneous amount of light over the surface. To satisfy these requirements, we developed a unique screen made out of PMMA and coated with the BC-620 paint from Saint-Gobain. For single-photoelectron calibration purposes, light is produced by a pulsed light source and injected into the screen via a fishtail light guide. We studied the optimal screen shape, paint, and painting process. To do so, we produced several prototypes and compared the light output intensity over the screen surface. These studies led to the definition of a specific painting pattern that enhances the light emission uniformity over the final octagonal screen surface. After having briefly described the developed prototypes that led to the current calibration device, we will focus on the calibration system performances and will describe the dip-coating application process, which is an essential technique to achieve reliable and reproducible optical performances

Dip-coated screen for gain calibration and alignment of gamma-ray telescope mirrors

In this communication, we will present a dual-purpose calibration system of NectarCAM, a medium-size-telescope camera proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The device is based on a white diffuse-reflective screen mounted on an XY motorization to reach every location in the focal plane, including a parking position when not in use. The design of the system was led by the requirements to perform the mirror alignment and the study of the telescope Point Spread Function (PSF) on one side (A), and to calibrate the photodetection chains (one for each of the 1855 photomultiplier tubes) of the camera in single photoelectron mode on the other side (B). The main requirement for the calibration device consists in producing a high-reflective (> 90% between 450 nm and 700 nm) and diffusive (following Lambert's cosine law) surface for side A. The other side, B, should emit an homogeneous amount of light over the surface. To satisfy these requirements, we developed a unique screen made out of PMMA and coated with the BC-620 paint from Saint-Gobain. For single-photoelectron calibration purposes, light is produced by a pulsed light source and injected into the screen via a fishtail light guide. We studied the optimal screen shape, paint, and painting process. To do so, we produced several prototypes and compared the light output intensity over the screen surface. These studies led to the definition of a specific painting pattern that enhances the light emission uniformity over the final octagonal screen surface. After having briefly described the developed prototypes that led to the current calibration device, we will focus on the calibration system performances and will describe the dip-coating application process, which is an essential technique to achieve reliable and reproducible optical performances

Dip-coated screen for gain calibration and alignment of gamma-ray telescope mirrors

In this communication, we will present a dual-purpose calibration system of NectarCAM, a medium-size-telescope camera proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The device is based on a white diffuse-reflective screen mounted on an XY motorization to reach every location in the focal plane, including a parking position when not in use. The design of the system was led by the requirements to perform the mirror alignment and the study of the telescope Point Spread Function (PSF) on one side (A), and to calibrate the photodetection chains (one for each of the 1855 photomultiplier tubes) of the camera in single photoelectron mode on the other side (B). The main requirement for the calibration device consists in producing a high-reflective (> 90% between 450 nm and 700 nm) and diffusive (following Lambert's cosine law) surface for side A. The other side, B, should emit an homogeneous amount of light over the surface. To satisfy these requirements, we developed a unique screen made out of PMMA and coated with the BC-620 paint from Saint-Gobain. For single-photoelectron calibration purposes, light is produced by a pulsed light source and injected into the screen via a fishtail light guide. We studied the optimal screen shape, paint, and painting process. To do so, we produced several prototypes and compared the light output intensity over the screen surface. These studies led to the definition of a specific painting pattern that enhances the light emission uniformity over the final octagonal screen surface. After having briefly described the developed prototypes that led to the current calibration device, we will focus on the calibration system performances and will describe the dip-coating application process, which is an essential technique to achieve reliable and reproducible optical performances

Dip-coated screen for gain calibration and alignment of gamma-ray telescope mirrors

In this communication, we will present a dual-purpose calibration system of NectarCAM, a medium-size-telescope camera proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The device is based on a white diffuse-reflective screen mounted on an XY motorization to reach every location in the focal plane, including a parking position when not in use. The design of the system was led by the requirements to perform the mirror alignment and the study of the telescope Point Spread Function (PSF) on one side (A), and to calibrate the photodetection chains (one for each of the 1855 photomultiplier tubes) of the camera in single photoelectron mode on the other side (B). The main requirement for the calibration device consists in producing a high-reflective (> 90% between 450 nm and 700 nm) and diffusive (following Lambert's cosine law) surface for side A. The other side, B, should emit an homogeneous amount of light over the surface. To satisfy these requirements, we developed a unique screen made out of PMMA and coated with the BC-620 paint from Saint-Gobain. For single-photoelectron calibration purposes, light is produced by a pulsed light source and injected into the screen via a fishtail light guide. We studied the optimal screen shape, paint, and painting process. To do so, we produced several prototypes and compared the light output intensity over the screen surface. These studies led to the definition of a specific painting pattern that enhances the light emission uniformity over the final octagonal screen surface. After having briefly described the developed prototypes that led to the current calibration device, we will focus on the calibration system performances and will describe the dip-coating application process, which is an essential technique to achieve reliable and reproducible optical performances