Global responsibility and strategic risk management

The emergence of a global business risk, caused by a more intense companies’ strategic and organizational complexity, leads both the researchers and the enterprises to a concept of a global responsibility as a paradigm for effective relationships with all stakeholders. This global concept of responsibility must include the areas of legal, economic, social and environmental commitment and suggests an integrated approach to risk management. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical framework about the relations among stakeholders’ expectations, responsibility areas and risk management. By means of a qualitative analysis, the authors intend to suggest some reflections about the approach of some meaningful global companies towards their potential risks and the relationships with their stakeholders

Improved cardiac performance with human calcitonin gene related peptide in patients with congestive heart failure

Study objective - The aim of the study was to assess the cardiovascular effects of human calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in patients with congestive heart failure. Design - The effects of CGRP II (or β), 12.5 μg·h−1, given by intravenous infusion for 24 h to digitalised patients with congestive heart failure, were assessed by measurement of cardiac functional indices. Patients - Five patients (four female) were studied. Age was 73-82 years. Three were in New York Heart Association phase III and two in phase IV. Measurements and main results - The pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time ratio and the QT distance adjusted for heart rate were lowered by 21% and 4% respectively. The left ventricular shortening index was raised by 43%. The arterial pressure and heart rate did not change consistently. Conclusion - Calcitonin gene related peptide improves myocardial contractility in patients with congestive heart failure. This is the first time this has been show

The TNG Near Infrared Camera Spectrometer

NICS (acronym for Near Infrared Camera Spectrometer) is the near-infrared cooled camera-spectrometer that has been developed by the Arcetri Infrared Group at the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, in collaboration with the CAISMI-CNR for the TNG (the Italian National Telescope Galileo at La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain). As NICS is in its scientific commissioning phase, we report its observing capabilities in the near-infrared bands at the TNG, along with the measured performance and the limiting magnitudes. We also describe some technical details of the project, such as cryogenics, mechanics, and the system which executes data acquisition and control, along with the related software.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, compiled with A&A macros. A&A in pres

Undiagnosed vertebral fractures influence quality of life in postmenopausal women with reduced ultrasound parameters.

Osteoporosis, a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to increased bone fragility, is a worldwide public health problem. Vertebral fractures affect approximately 20% of postmenopausal women and are a hallmark of osteoporosis, but they may pass unnoticed, although they may lead to long-term immobility and disability. The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the prevalence and the severity of vertebral fractures in a large cohort of Italian women aged 60 years or older with reduced values of quantitative ultrasound parameters; and (2) to assess whether vertebral fractures and other variables may be associated with health-related quality of life. A total of 2450 women without back pain aged 60 years or older, after the completion of the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis QUALEFFO, underwent quantitative ultrasound evaluation of the calcaneus; in those with a stiffness t-score of a parts per thousand currency sign -2 (n = 1194), radiographic evaluation of the thoracic and lumbar spine was carried out and then quantitative morphometry was performed by dedicated software (MorphoXpress). The radiographic analysis was carried out on 885 women who presented films of adequate quality. Multivariate regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Of those who underwent radiographic analysis, 681 had no vertebral fractures, and 204 women (23.1%) had one or more previously undiagnosed vertebral fractures. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed vertebral fractures increased with advancing age with more than 30% of women older than 75 years having at least one fracture. Older age, body mass index, and severe vertebral fractures were independently associated with a worse total QUALEFFO score. We found that approximately one in four women showed evidence of undiagnosed vertebral fractures, and there was a strong age effect trend. Moreover, the severity grade of vertebral fractures, more than the number of fractures, was associated with a worsening of health-related quality of life as assessed by QUALEFFO. These findings confirm the clinical relevance of an early diagnosis of vertebral fractures and seem to support the usefulness of quantitative ultrasound measurements in the stratification of postmenopausal women at increased fracture risk

Discovery of strong CIV absorption in the highest redshift quasar

We report the near-IR detection of a prominent CIV absorption in the rest-frame UV spectrum of the most distant known QSO, SDSS J104433.04-012502.2, at z=5.80. This QSO was recently observed with XMM-Newton and it was found to be notably X-ray weak. The equivalent width of the CIV absorption feature (~10 A) strongly supports the idea that the X-ray faintness of this QSO is due to heavy absorption by gas with a column density N_H > 10^{24} cm^-2. The shape of the CIV feature suggests that this is a Broad Absorption Line QSO. Although absorbed by a huge column of gas, the observed continuum in the 0.9-2.4um range (~1300-3500 A rest frame) exactly matches the template of unabsorbed QSOs without invoking any reddening (E(B-V)<0.08 mag), indicating that dust in the absorbing gas is either absent or composed of large grains.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Letter

The Messinian "Calcare di Base" (Sicily, Italy) revisited

Three different types of carbonate deposits are included within the "Calcare di Base",commonly envisaged to record the Messinian salinity crisis onset: type 1 consists of sulphur-bearinglimestones, representing the biogenic product of bacterial sulphate reduction after original gypsum;type 2 comprises dm-thick laminated dolomitic limestones interbedded with diatomites, sapropels andmarls found at the top the Tripoli Formation; type 3, the most common variety, consists of m-thickbrecciated limestones interbedded with shales and clastic gypsum.Type 3 shows sedimentary features suggesting a clastic origin and deposition from high- to lowdensitygravity flows; thus, these deposits can be regarded as an end-member of a large variety ofevaporite-bearing gravity flow deposits, with a dominant carbonate component.The genetic and stratigraphic characterization of these carbonates has strong implications for a bettercomprehension of Messinian events; the three types of Calcare di Base seem to have formed duringdifferent stages of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC). Type 2 formed in the first stage (5.96-5.60 Ma),and is the only type that can be regarded as the Lower Gypsum time-equivalent. Type 3 was depositedin the second stage (5.60-5.55 Ma) and its base is associated with a regional-scale hiatus and erosion(Messinian erosional surface). Type 1 formed even later, likely in post-Messinian time, throughdiagenetic processes affecting resedimented gypsum deposited during the second stage of the MSC.It follows that not all the Calcare di Base deposits record the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis, ascommonly thought. Thus, a detailed facies characterization of these carbonate deposits is fundamental for both stratigraphic reconstructions and a better comprehension of Messinian events

The past to unravel the future: Deoxygenation events in the geological archive and the anthropocene oxygen crisis

Despite the observation that we are witnessing a true oxygen crisis, the ocean deoxygenation theme is getting less attention from the media and population compared to other environmental stressors concerning climate change. The current ocean oxygen crisis is characterized by a complex interplay of climatic, biological, and oceanographic processes acting at different time scales. Earth system models offer insights into future deoxygenation events and their potential extent; however, their capacity to precisely constrain these events is complicated by the intricate interplay of various interconnected feedback mechanisms. The Earth's geological history has been punctuated by regional and global deoxygenation events, which are usually expressed by organic-rich sediment in the geological record and can be useful past analogues of the present-day and future oxygenation crisis related to current climatic stress. Accordingly, we provide an overview of the key elements characterizing past deoxygenation events, aiming for a better understanding of the Anthropocene oxygen crisis and its potential evolution. We suggest that past global deoxygenation events during hypethermals may bear similarities to present-day dynamics in the open ocean. Additionally, we explore the significance of regional deoxygenation events with cyclical occurrences for better constraining environmental dynamics and ecological impacts in semi-enclosed, restricted, and marginal basins. Despite the unprecedented magnitude and rate of current anthropogenic pressures, it is essential to consider the comparison of triggers and feedbacks from ancient deoxygenation events when investigating the future of this concealed but ecologically impactful problem