The role of slab geometry in the exhumation of cordilleran-type orogens and their forelands: Insights from northern Patagonia

In cordilleran-type orogens, subduction geometry exerts a fundamental control on the tectonic behavior of the overriding plate. An integrated low-temperature, large thermochronological data set is used in this study to investigate the burial and exhumation history of the overriding plate in northern Patagonia (40°–45°S). Thermal inverse modeling allowed us to establish that a ~2.5–4-km-thick section originally overlaid the Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous successions deposited in half-graben systems that are presently exposed in the foreland. Removal of the sedimentary cover started in the late Early Cretaceous. This was coeval with an increase of the convergence rate and a switch to a westward absolute motion of the South American Plate that was accompanied by shallowing of the subducting slab. Unroofing was probably further enhanced by Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene opening of a slab window beneath the overriding plate. Following a tectonically quiescent period, renewed exhumation occurred in the orogen during relatively fast Neogene plate convergence. However, even the highly sensitive apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometer does not record any coeval cooling in the foreland. The comparison between Late Cretaceous and Neogene exhumation patterns provides clear evidence of the fundamental role played by inter-plate coupling associated with shallow slab configurations in controlling plate-scale deformation. Our results, besides highlighting for the first time how the whole northern Patagonia foreland was affected by an exhumation of several kilometers since the Late Cretaceous, provide unrivalled evidence of the link between deep geodynamic processes affecting the slab and the modes and timing of unroofing of different sectors of the overriding plate.Fil: Genge, Marie C.. Università di Padova; Italia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Université de Lille; Francia. Université du Littoral; FranciaFil: Zattin, Massimiliano. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Savignano, Elisa. Università di Padova; ItaliaFil: Franchini, Marta Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Confluencia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle. Instituto de Investigaciones en Paleobiología y Geología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Gautheron, Cécile. Université Paris Sud; Francia. Centre D'etudes de Saclay; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Ramos, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Mazzoli, Stefano. Università degli Studi di Camerino; Itali

Analyse Transactionnelle Suisse romande – Recueil d'articles 2020

Articles diffusés par l'Association Suisse d’Analyse Transactionnelle – Suisse romande durant l'année 2020. Articles - Qu’est ce que l’AT apporte au monde ? - Enseignement spécialisé et AT – Entrevue - Conseil pédagogique et AT – Entrevue - L’accouchement-marathon - Les enjeux relationnels de la coopération - Les étapes de la coopération - La fosse de rösti – une mine d’or pour des expériences sur la diversité -La complexité par la diversité – Quelle signification pour la gestion des organisations ? - L’économie de l’autonomie – Les martiens ont-ils disparu ? - La coopération dans les institutions et hôpitaux – Entrevue Résumés - Le sens des valeurs que l’on porte - Interventions dans l’accompagnement professionnel de couples - Brunch entre amis - Lors des moments difficiles, l’AT nous porte - Counselling de couple avec AT et sexualité : un couple inégal ? - On devait toujours parler de tout... discussion père fille Divers - Éditorial - Prendre soin de nous durant la pandémie - Célébrons Fanita English, joyeux 104e anniversaire - Pleine conscience – regards croisés : retour sur la journée de l’ASAT-SR - Hommages à Jenni Hine - Entrevue avec Sally Cuénin - Anciens numéro

Evolution tectonique de la Patagonie Nord-Centrale par différentes approches de thermochronologie

The change in plate kinematics, which may have affected slab dip, can deeply influence the interplate coupling and consequently the deformation of the overriding plate. The north-central Patagonia represents a unique region to study the impact of slab-dip changes as this area is characterized by alternating episodes of steep to flat-slab since the onset of subduction below the South American Plate. The alternation of the upper plate subsidence and exhumation events related with slab steepening and shallowing episodes, respectively, or with changes in kinematics has been widely studied in the recent years along the Andes. However, some topics remain highly debated, and especially the magnitude of the vertical movements through time and space. Low-temperature thermochronology systems, which are sensitive to events involving the upper first kilometers of the upper crust, represent an efficient approach for dating and quantifying significant episodes of burial and exhumation. This thesis investigates the thermal history of the north-central Patagonian broken foreland and the Cordillera. The latter area has been widely studied through bedrock thermochronology studies compared with data from the Patagonian foreland, where only few data are available. Thus, this work aims at improving our knowledge on the relationships between the surface cooling record and the geodynamic evolution.Three apatites thermochronometers (U-Pb, fission tracks and (U-Th-Sm)/He) were used on bedrocks, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sandstones as well as on modern sediments. All samples were collected from the inner part of the north-central Patagonian Cordillera to the distal part of the broken foreland along the Atlantic coast. Compilation of these diverse thermochronology datasets, integrated by inverse thermal modeling and provenance analysis, is discussed here and compared with the different geodynamic processes proposed for Patagonia (e.g. convergence changes, slab dip variations). The new thermochronology records indicate that main unroofing of Patagonia (~3 – 4 km), Cordillera and broken foreland included, occurred during a slab-shallowing episode from late Early Cretaceous to early Paleogene, after a Jurassic – Early Cretaceous heating episode related to a significant burial below a thick sedimentary cover. This regional exhumation phase was followed by a period between the late Eocene and the early Miocene of foreland subsidence associated with slab rollback, characterized by a steady-state post-shortening low exhumation rates. During this period of relative quiescence, detrital analysis point to the Cordillera as a primary contributor of sediments for the entire foreland with a local input from the broken foreland reliefs. Finally, Miocene substantial exhumation is recognized into the Cordillera after a change of convergence rates and obliquity, especially along a dextral strike-slip fault zone active along the Cordillera. However, this exhumation phase is not detected regionally in the broken foreland. Since no regional sedimentary burial or relevant exhumation events affected the north-central Patagonian foreland, the few Oligo-Miocene ages identified along the foreland have been ascribed to the coeval intraplate magmatic processes.Le régime tectonique des zones de subduction et la déformation de la plaque chevauchante sont régis par la convergence des plaques lithosphériques, ayant un impact direct sur le couplage intraplaque et parfois sur la géométrie de la plaque plongeante. La Patagonie centrale-nord (40-48°S) constitue une région remarquable pour étudier l’impact des mécanismes profonds, tel que l’horizontalisation de la plaque plongeante, ayant conduit à la surrection de la Cordillère Patagonienne et de son avant-pays. Diverses études sur l’alternance des phases d’exhumation et de subsidence en surface ont été menées le long des Andes. Pourtant, de nombreuses interrogations demeurent sur la magnitude de ces mouvements verticaux à travers le temps et l’espace. Les systèmes de thermochronologie basse-température sont sensibles aux mouvements verticaux impliquant les premiers kilomètres de la croûte supérieure. Ils représentent donc une approche efficace pour localiser, dater et quantifier les périodes de subsidence et d’exhumation les plus significatives. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’examiner les histoires thermiques de la Patagonie centrale-nord, de son avant-pays et de sa Cordillère. Les reliefs andins à ces latitudes ont été largement étudiés par des analyses in-situ, tandis que peu de données de thermochronologie existent dans l’avant-pays. Ainsi, cette étude vise à apporter des connaissances plus approfondies à propos des relations entre la dynamique mantellique et les processus de dénudation à la surface.Trois thermochronomètres (l’U-Pb, les traces de fission et l’(U-Th-Sm)/He) ont été utilisés sur des apatites extraites d’échantillons provenant du substratum ainsi que de sédiments modernes, Cénozoïque et Mésozoïque, tous collectés dans la Cordillère Patagonienne et l’avant-pays, jusqu’à la côte Atlantique. La compilation de ces jeux de données, intégrant des modèles d’inversion thermique et des analyses de provenance, est discutée ici et comparée avec les différents processus géodynamiques proposés pour la Patagonie. Les nouveaux enregistrements de thermochronologie indiquent qu’un épisode d’exhumation majeure de 3 à 4 km a affecté l’intégralité de la Patagonie centrale-nord, Cordillère et avant-pays inclus, de la fin du Crétacé supérieur jusqu’au Paléogène, période correspondant à un épisode de subduction horizontale. Cette phase est suivie d’une période de subsidence de l’avant-pays entre l’Eocène tardif et le Miocène inférieur associé à la retraite du segment en subduction. Les analyses détritiques ont permis de mettre en évidence que, durant cette période, l’évolution de la Cordillère a été caractérisée par des taux d’exhumation post-déformation faibles et constants, et a été le principal contributeur sédimentaire de l’avant-pays proximal et distal. Une contribution locale des reliefs extra-andins a aussi été observée. Finalement, une phase d’exhumation considérable de la Cordillère est reconnue durant le Miocène, et particulièrement le long d’une zone de décrochement dextre active au sein de la Cordillère. Pourtant, cette phase d’exhumation, qui serait induite par un changement de taux de convergence et d’obliquité de la plaque de Nazca, n’est pas détectée régionalement dans l’avant-pays, ce qui signifie que la déformation y a été mineure. Comme aucun mouvement vertical notable n’a affecté l’avant-pays durant le Néogène, les rares âges Oligo-Miocène identifiés dans l’avant-pays ont été imputés à des processus magmatiques intraplaques

Evolution tectonique de la Patagonie Nord-Centrale par différentes approches de thermochronologie

The change in plate kinematics, which may have affected slab dip, can deeply influence the interplate coupling and consequently the deformation of the overriding plate. The north-central Patagonia represents a unique region to study the impact of slab-dip changes as this area is characterized by alternating episodes of steep to flat-slab since the onset of subduction below the South American Plate. The alternation of the upper plate subsidence and exhumation events related with slab steepening and shallowing episodes, respectively, or with changes in kinematics has been widely studied in the recent years along the Andes. However, some topics remain highly debated, and especially the magnitude of the vertical movements through time and space. Low-temperature thermochronology systems, which are sensitive to events involving the upper first kilometers of the upper crust, represent an efficient approach for dating and quantifying significant episodes of burial and exhumation. This thesis investigates the thermal history of the north-central Patagonian broken foreland and the Cordillera. The latter area has been widely studied through bedrock thermochronology studies compared with data from the Patagonian foreland, where only few data are available. Thus, this work aims at improving our knowledge on the relationships between the surface cooling record and the geodynamic evolution.Three apatites thermochronometers (U-Pb, fission tracks and (U-Th-Sm)/He) were used on bedrocks, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sandstones as well as on modern sediments. All samples were collected from the inner part of the north-central Patagonian Cordillera to the distal part of the broken foreland along the Atlantic coast. Compilation of these diverse thermochronology datasets, integrated by inverse thermal modeling and provenance analysis, is discussed here and compared with the different geodynamic processes proposed for Patagonia (e.g. convergence changes, slab dip variations). The new thermochronology records indicate that main unroofing of Patagonia (~3 – 4 km), Cordillera and broken foreland included, occurred during a slab-shallowing episode from late Early Cretaceous to early Paleogene, after a Jurassic – Early Cretaceous heating episode related to a significant burial below a thick sedimentary cover. This regional exhumation phase was followed by a period between the late Eocene and the early Miocene of foreland subsidence associated with slab rollback, characterized by a steady-state post-shortening low exhumation rates. During this period of relative quiescence, detrital analysis point to the Cordillera as a primary contributor of sediments for the entire foreland with a local input from the broken foreland reliefs. Finally, Miocene substantial exhumation is recognized into the Cordillera after a change of convergence rates and obliquity, especially along a dextral strike-slip fault zone active along the Cordillera. However, this exhumation phase is not detected regionally in the broken foreland. Since no regional sedimentary burial or relevant exhumation events affected the north-central Patagonian foreland, the few Oligo-Miocene ages identified along the foreland have been ascribed to the coeval intraplate magmatic processes.Le régime tectonique des zones de subduction et la déformation de la plaque chevauchante sont régis par la convergence des plaques lithosphériques, ayant un impact direct sur le couplage intraplaque et parfois sur la géométrie de la plaque plongeante. La Patagonie centrale-nord (40-48°S) constitue une région remarquable pour étudier l’impact des mécanismes profonds, tel que l’horizontalisation de la plaque plongeante, ayant conduit à la surrection de la Cordillère Patagonienne et de son avant-pays. Diverses études sur l’alternance des phases d’exhumation et de subsidence en surface ont été menées le long des Andes. Pourtant, de nombreuses interrogations demeurent sur la magnitude de ces mouvements verticaux à travers le temps et l’espace. Les systèmes de thermochronologie basse-température sont sensibles aux mouvements verticaux impliquant les premiers kilomètres de la croûte supérieure. Ils représentent donc une approche efficace pour localiser, dater et quantifier les périodes de subsidence et d’exhumation les plus significatives. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’examiner les histoires thermiques de la Patagonie centrale-nord, de son avant-pays et de sa Cordillère. Les reliefs andins à ces latitudes ont été largement étudiés par des analyses in-situ, tandis que peu de données de thermochronologie existent dans l’avant-pays. Ainsi, cette étude vise à apporter des connaissances plus approfondies à propos des relations entre la dynamique mantellique et les processus de dénudation à la surface.Trois thermochronomètres (l’U-Pb, les traces de fission et l’(U-Th-Sm)/He) ont été utilisés sur des apatites extraites d’échantillons provenant du substratum ainsi que de sédiments modernes, Cénozoïque et Mésozoïque, tous collectés dans la Cordillère Patagonienne et l’avant-pays, jusqu’à la côte Atlantique. La compilation de ces jeux de données, intégrant des modèles d’inversion thermique et des analyses de provenance, est discutée ici et comparée avec les différents processus géodynamiques proposés pour la Patagonie. Les nouveaux enregistrements de thermochronologie indiquent qu’un épisode d’exhumation majeure de 3 à 4 km a affecté l’intégralité de la Patagonie centrale-nord, Cordillère et avant-pays inclus, de la fin du Crétacé supérieur jusqu’au Paléogène, période correspondant à un épisode de subduction horizontale. Cette phase est suivie d’une période de subsidence de l’avant-pays entre l’Eocène tardif et le Miocène inférieur associé à la retraite du segment en subduction. Les analyses détritiques ont permis de mettre en évidence que, durant cette période, l’évolution de la Cordillère a été caractérisée par des taux d’exhumation post-déformation faibles et constants, et a été le principal contributeur sédimentaire de l’avant-pays proximal et distal. Une contribution locale des reliefs extra-andins a aussi été observée. Finalement, une phase d’exhumation considérable de la Cordillère est reconnue durant le Miocène, et particulièrement le long d’une zone de décrochement dextre active au sein de la Cordillère. Pourtant, cette phase d’exhumation, qui serait induite par un changement de taux de convergence et d’obliquité de la plaque de Nazca, n’est pas détectée régionalement dans l’avant-pays, ce qui signifie que la déformation y a été mineure. Comme aucun mouvement vertical notable n’a affecté l’avant-pays durant le Néogène, les rares âges Oligo-Miocène identifiés dans l’avant-pays ont été imputés à des processus magmatiques intraplaques

Outer forearc high control in an erosional subduction regime: The case of the central Peruvian forearc (6–10°S)

International audienceThe forearc of the North-Central Peruvian Andes (FNCPA, 6–10°S) provides an exceptional opportunity to study the long-term processes that affect a convergent plate boundary. First, it shows long-term subsidence, depocenter superimposition and individualization. Second, although being mostly extensional and characterized as a typical erosive margin, the FNCPA shows complex uplifted regions. Older deformation is expressed by basement horst and grabens disposed in a complex geometry which onset may have resulted from strike-slip tectonics. A long-lived episode of regional subsidence affected the forearc and led to the relatively thick and regional deposition of the lower Miocene series coeval with a significant increase of the convergence velocity. This period was followed by an episodic uplift of trench-parallel corridors along the so-called Main Deformation Zone. Uplift ceased through the late Miocene and restarted during Pliocene and Quaternary, generating accommodation space by basin flank uplift for a forearc depocenter characterized by landward tilted strata. Significant along-strike differences in the degree of uplift resulted in either uplifting series producing sharp seaward dipping erosional surfaces or less uplifted areas covered by seawards prograding clinoforms. As a consequence of the shallow-water marine setting, the seismic strata geometry, lateral extent and thickness of the deposits for the Neogene successions in the FNCPA have been also tightly controlled by accommodation changes. Uplift is uneven along-strike independently of fault direction and closely followed the increase of the subsidence of the continental slope produced by subduction-erosion. Therefore, sediment underplating seems the most appropriate mechanism at the origin of uplift; as observed in other parts of the Peruvian and Chilean margins. Although the erosive character of the margin, the effects on basin geometry of the raised zone resemble that of typical outer forearc highs in accretionary margins such as in the Kumano basin in Japan

Tracing thermal history of the central Patagonian Andes withdetrital multi-dating of foreland basin deposits

National audienceDetrital thermochronology in wide foreland basins documents erosion ofdiverse sediment source areas along an adjacent orogen through time. This studypresents new detrital apatite thermochronology data (U-Pb and fission tracks) from thewhole central Patagonian foreland (44°S – 48 °S) that identify at first a persistentvolcanic input from Oligocene to late Miocene. The apatite U-Pb dating was effective todiscriminate AFT ages related to either the exhumation of the source or the volcanicinput, which can easily overtake the exhumation signal along the Patagonian Andes.Lag time, calculated from the youngest AFT component (~30 Ma) and stratigraphicallyconstrained with new zircon U-Pb ages, indicates that the entire central PatagonianCordillera was probably in steady-state erosion at ca. 30 Ma until the resumption ofshortening during the late Neogene. Furthermore, these new detritalthermochronological data emphasize a signal of low rate post-orogenic erosionalprocesses (0.1 – 0.4 km/Ma) corresponding to a significant unroofing of 2 – 4 kmbetween the Oligocene and the late Miocene; a period characterized by a relativetectonic quiescence, subsequent to the late Early Cretaceous – middle Eocene intervalin which significant deformation took place.This study identifies sediment contribution from different source areas to thecentral Patagonian foreland and constrains the timing and rates of the post-orogeniccooling along the central Patagonian Andes, thus defining great sediment sourcing fromthe Andes in spite of tectonic quiescence

Tracing thermal history of the central Patagonian Andes withdetrital multi-dating of foreland basin deposits

National audienceDetrital thermochronology in wide foreland basins documents erosion ofdiverse sediment source areas along an adjacent orogen through time. This studypresents new detrital apatite thermochronology data (U-Pb and fission tracks) from thewhole central Patagonian foreland (44°S – 48 °S) that identify at first a persistentvolcanic input from Oligocene to late Miocene. The apatite U-Pb dating was effective todiscriminate AFT ages related to either the exhumation of the source or the volcanicinput, which can easily overtake the exhumation signal along the Patagonian Andes.Lag time, calculated from the youngest AFT component (~30 Ma) and stratigraphicallyconstrained with new zircon U-Pb ages, indicates that the entire central PatagonianCordillera was probably in steady-state erosion at ca. 30 Ma until the resumption ofshortening during the late Neogene. Furthermore, these new detritalthermochronological data emphasize a signal of low rate post-orogenic erosionalprocesses (0.1 – 0.4 km/Ma) corresponding to a significant unroofing of 2 – 4 kmbetween the Oligocene and the late Miocene; a period characterized by a relativetectonic quiescence, subsequent to the late Early Cretaceous – middle Eocene intervalin which significant deformation took place.This study identifies sediment contribution from different source areas to thecentral Patagonian foreland and constrains the timing and rates of the post-orogeniccooling along the central Patagonian Andes, thus defining great sediment sourcing fromthe Andes in spite of tectonic quiescence

Denudation of the Cordillera and intraplate belt in Central Patagonia inferred by detrital multi-dating of foreland basin deposits

International audienceThe evolution of central Patagonia is associated with episodic shortening and extension that have greatly affected the topography of the Cordillera and intraplate belt. The San Jorge Basin is a site of sediment accumulation in the foreland that is surrounded by igneous and broken foreland relief. The latter originated from episodic deformation and reactivation of inherited structures associated with a period of slab shallowing that allowed the far-field transmission of Andean stresses to the foreland. Thus, due to of its location, the San Jorge Basin provides an exceptional opportunity to study the denudation of both Cordilleran and intraplate topography during the Cenozoic, particularly during the late Eocene–early Miocene interval of mild deformation. In this study, we use a single-grain geochronological approach combining apatite fission tracks and Usingle bondPb dating on apatite, along with maximum deposition ages obtained from Usingle bondPb zircon dating for Neogene foreland basin deposits, to distinguish between two distinctive sediment source regions in central Patagonia during the Cenozoic, despite the persistent volcanic signal. A compilation of previously published cooling ages combined with our new data define: (i) a dominant local source from the northern broken foreland from the late Eocene until the early Miocene; and (ii) a widespread source in the Cordillera during the Miocene based on a very uniform thermochronological signal observed throughout the entire foreland. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the variation of in sediment sourcing in the central Patagonian foreland. This variation is primarily controlled by the decrease of post-orogenic erosional processes during a period of relative tectonic quiescence following the highly active Early Cretaceous–middle Eocene time interval

Expression of annexin I, II, V, and VI by rat osteoblasts in primary culture: Stimulation of annexin I expression by dexamethasone

International audienceTo determine whether rat osteoblasts synthesize proteins of the annexin family and to evaluate the extent to which glucocorticoids modulate the expression of annexins by these cells, osteoblasts were grown in primary cultures in the absence or presence of dexamethasone, and the expression of annexins was evaluated by immunoblotting using polyclonal antibodies against human annexins. Four different annexins (I, II, V, and VI) were found to be expressed by rat osteoblasts. The expression of annexin I, but not the other annexins studied, was increased in osteoblasts cultured in the presence of dexamethasone (173 +/- 33% increase comparing untreated cells and cells treated for 10 days with 5 x 10(-7) M dexamethasone). Increased expression of annexin I was observed after the third day of exposure to dexamethasone and rose thereafter until day 10; annexin I expression increased with dexamethasone concentrations above 10(-10) M throughout the range of concentrations studied. The increase in annexin I protein was associated with an increase in annexin I mRNA and was completely blocked by the concomitant addition of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 38486. The increase in annexin I content following dexamethasone treatment was associated with an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and PTH-induced cAMP stimulation, whereas phospholipase A2 activity in the culture medium was reduced to undetectable levels. The finding that four annexins are expressed in rat osteoblasts in primary culture raises the possibility that these proteins could play an important role in bone formation by virtue of their ability to bind calcium and phospholipids, serve as Ca2+ channels, interact with cytoskeletal elements, and/or regulate phospholipase A2 activity. In addition, the dexamethasone-induced increase in annexin I may represent a mechanism by which glucocorticoids modify osteoblast function