Verankerung von Open Access Diensten in den Organisationsstrukturen von wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland

Um neue Themengebiete wie Open Access in die Organisation von Bibliotheken zu integrieren, sind grundlegende Veränderungsprozesse nötig. Da an den Open-Access-Services in der Regel verschiedene Abteilungen der Bibliothek beteiligt sind, stellt sich die Frage, wie man dieses vielfältige Arbeitsgebiet am besten in die bestehenden Strukturen einer Bibliothek einbinden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, welche Organisationsmodelle wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken für die Verankerung ihrer Open-Access-Dienstleistungen nutzen. Es wurden Unterschiede in den Organisationsstrukturen verschiedener Bibliothekstypen deutlich, die vermutlich auf die Bedeutung des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens in den jeweiligen Einrichtungen zurückzuführen sind. Darüber hinaus wurden Experteninterviews mit Vertreter*innen verschiedener Bibliothekstypen durchgeführt, um herauszuarbeiten, welche strategischen Überlegungen bei der organisatorischen Einbindung von Open-Access-Aufgaben zu berücksichtigen sind. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Erfahrungen oft von lokalen Begebenheiten abhängig sind und nicht ohne Weiteres auf andere Bibliotheken übertragbar sind. Dennoch konnten aus den Interviews grundlegende Empfehlungen zur Organisation der Aufgaben abgeleitet werden

Tessellation-based stochastic modelling of 3D coating structures imaged with FIB-SEM tomography

To facilitate printing, coatings are typically applied to paperboard used for packaging to provide a good surface for application. To optimise the performance of the coating, it is important to understand the relationship between the microstructure of the material and its mass transport properties. In this work, three samples of paperboard coating are imaged using combined focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) tomography data appropriately segmented to characterise the internal microstructure. These images are used to inform a parametric, tessellation-based stochastic three-dimensional model intended to mimic the irregular geometry of the particles that can be seen in the coating. Parameters for the model are estimated from the FIB-SEM image data, and we demonstrate good agreement between the real and virtual structures both in terms of geometrical measures and mass transport properties. The development of this model facilitates exploration of the relationship between the structure and its properties

Stochastic modelling of 3D fiber structures imaged with X-ray microtomography

Many products incorporate into their design fibrous material with particular levels of permeability as a way to control the retention and flow of liquid. The production and experimental testing of these materials can be expensive and time consuming, particularly if it needs to be optimised to a desired level of absorbency. We consider a parametric virtual fiber model as a replacement for the real material to facilitate studying the relationship between structure and properties in a cheaper and more convenient manner. 3D image data sets of a sample fibrous material are obtained using X-ray microtomography and the individual fibers isolated. The segmented fibers are used to estimate the parameters of a 3D stochastic model for generating softcore virtual fiber structures. We use several spatial measures to show the consistency between the real and virtual structures, and demonstrate with lattice Boltzmann simulations that our virtual structure has good agreement with respect to the permeability of the physical material

Correlating 3D porous structure in polymer films with mass transport properties using FIB-SEM tomography

Porous polymer coatings are used to control drug release from pharmaceutical products. The coating covers a drug core and depending on the porous structure, different drug release rates are obtained. This work presents mass transport simulations performed on porous ethyl cellulose films with different porosities. The simulations were performed on high spatial resolution 3D data obtained using a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. The effective diffusion coefficient of water was determined using a diffusion chamber. Lattice Boltzmann simulations were used to simulate water diffusion in the 3D data. The simulated coefficient was in good agreement with the measured coefficient. From the results it was concluded that the tortuosity and constrictivity of the porous network increase with decreasing amount of added hydroxypropyl cellulose, resulting in a sharp decrease in effective diffusion. This work shows that high spatial resolution 3D data is necessary, and that 2D data is insufficient, in order to predict diffusion through the porous structure with high accuracy

Developmental differences in children’s interpersonal emotion regulation

Previous research on interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) in childhood has been rather unsystematic, focusing mainly on children’s prosocial behaviour, and has been conducted in the absence of an integrative emotion theoretical framework. The present research relied on the interpersonal affect classification proposed by Niven, Totterdell, and Holman (2009) to investigate children’s use of different interpersonal ER strategies. The study drew on two samples: 180 parents of children aged between 3 and 8 years reported about a situation where their child was able to change what another person was feeling in order to make them feel better. In addition, 126 children between 3- and 8-years old answered two questions about how they could improve others’ mood. Results from both samples showed age differences in children’s use of interpersonal ER strategies. As expected, ‘affective engagement’ (i.e., focusing on the person or the problem) and ‘cognitive engagement’ (i.e., appraising the situation from a different perspective) were mainly used by 7-8 years-old, whereas ‘attention’ (i.e., distracting and valuing) was most used by 3-4 and 5-6 years-old. ‘Humor’ (i.e., laughing with the target) remained stable across the different age groups. The present research provides more information about the developmental patterns for each specific interpersonal emotion regulation strategy

Seroprevalence of T. Cruzi infection in blood donors and chagas cardiomyopathy in patients from the coal mining region of coahuila, Mexico

Context and Objective: Chagas disease is considered a worldwide emerging disease; it is endemic in Mexico and the state of Coahuila and is considered of little relevance. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in blood donors and Chagas cardiomyopathy in patients from the coal mining region of Coahuila, Mexico. Design and Setting: Epidemiological, exploratory and prospective study in a general hospital during the period January to June 2011. Methods: We performed laboratory tests ELISA and indirect hemagglutination in three groups of individuals: 1) asymptomatic voluntary blood donors, 2) patients hospitalized in the cardiology department and 3) patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Results: There were three levels of seroprevalence: 0.31% in asymptomatic individuals, 1.25% in cardiac patients and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in 21.14%. Conclusions: In spite of having detected autochthonous cases of Chagas disease, its importance to local public health remains to be established as well as the details of the dynamics of transmission so that the study is still in progress