EEG extended source localization: Tensor-based vs. conventional methods

International audienceThe localization of brain sources based on EEG measurements is a topic that has attracted a lot of attention in the last decades and many different source localization algorithms have been proposed. However, their performance is limited in the case of several simultaneously active brain regions and low signal-to-noise ratios. To overcome these problems, tensor-based preprocessing can be applied, which consists in constructing a space-time-frequency (STF) or space-time-wave-vector (STWV) tensor and decomposing it using the Canonical Polyadic (CP) decomposition. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for the accurate localization of extended sources based on the results of the tensor decomposition. Furthermore, we conduct a detailed study of the tensor-based preprocessing methods, including an analysis of their theoretical foundation, their computational complexity, and their performance for realistic simulated data in comparison to conventional source localization algorithms such as sLORETA, cortical LORETA (cLORETA), and 4-ExSo-MUSIC. Our objective consists, on the one hand, in demonstrating the gain in performance that can be achieved by tensor-based preprocessing, and, on the other hand, in pointing out the limits and drawbacks of this method. Finally, we validate the STF and STWV techniques on real measurements to demonstrate their usefulness for practical applications

Electroencephalography microstates imbalance across the spectrum of early psychosis, autism, and mood disorders

Abstract Background Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates translate resting-state temporal dynamics of neuronal networks throughout the brain and could constitute possible markers of psychiatric disorders. We tested the hypothesis of an increased imbalance between a predominant self-referential mode (microstate C) and a decreased attentional mode (microstate D) in psychosis, mood, and autism spectrum disorders. Methods We retrospectively included 135 subjects from an early psychosis outpatient unit, with available eyes-closed resting-state 19 electrodes EEG. Individual-level then group-level modified K-means clustering in controls provided four microstate maps that were then backfitted to all groups. Differences between microstate parameters (occurrence, coverage, and mean duration) were computed between controls and each group, and between disease groups. Results Microstate class D parameters were systematically decreased in disease groups compared with controls, with an effect size increasing along the psychosis spectrum, but also in autism. There was no difference in class C. C/D ratios of mean duration were increased only in SCZ compared with controls. Conclusions The decrease in microstate class D may be a marker of stage of psychosis, but it is not specific to it and may rather reflect a shared dimension along the schizophrenia-autism spectrum. C/D microstate imbalance may be more specific to schizophrenia

LOCALISATION ANATOMIQUE DES EVENEMENTS PAROXYSTIQUES INTERCRITIQUES GRACE A L'EEG HAUTE RESOLUTION CHEZ DES PATIENTS PRESENTANT UNE EPILEPSIE PARTIELLE PHARMACORESISTANTE (DES NEUROLOGIE)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Localisation non invasive des activités intercritiques électriques et magnétiques dans l'épilepsie (validation par la SEEG [stéréo-électro-encéphalographie])

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

High-resolution EEG (HR-EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG)

International audienceHigh-resolution EEG (HR-EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) allow the recording of spontaneous or evoked electromagnetic brain activity with excellent temporal resolution. Data must be recorded with high temporal resolution (sampling rate) and high spatial resolution (number of channels). Data analyses are based on several steps with selection of electromagnetic signals, elaboration of a head model and use of algorithms in order to solve the inverse problem. Due to considerable technical advances in spatial resolution, these tools now represent real methods of ElectroMagnetic Source Imaging. HR-EEG and MEG constitute non-invasive and complementary examinations, characterized by distinct sensitivities according to the location and orientation of intracerebral generators. In the presurgical assessment of drug-resistant partial epilepsies, HR-EEG and MEG can characterize and localize interictal activities and thus the irritative zone. HR-EEG and MEG often yield significant additional data that are complementary to other presurgical investigations and particularly relevant in MRI-negative cases. Currently, the determination of the epileptogenic zone and functional brain mapping remain rather less well-validated indications. In France, in 2014, HR-EEG is now part of standard clinical investigation of epilepsy, while MEG remains a research technique

Despiking SEEG signals reveals dynamics of gamma band preictal activity

International audienceInterictal epileptiform discharges, or "interictal spikes", are the hallmark of epilepsy. Still, there is growing evidence that oscillatory activity - whether in the gamma band (30-120 Hz) or at higher frequencies is another important marker of hyperexcitable tissues. A major difficulty arises from the fact that interictal spikes and oscillations overlap in the frequency domain. This hampers the correct delineation of the cortex producing pathological oscillations by simple filtering. Here, we propose a nonlinear technique for fitting the spike waveform in order to remove it, resulting in a "despiked" signal. This strategy was first applied to simulated data inspired from real stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) signals, then to real data. We show that despiking leads to a better space-time-frequency analysis of the oscillatory part of the signal. Thus, in the real SEEG signals, the spatio-temporal maps show a buildup of gamma oscillations during the preictal period in the despiked signals, whereas in the original signals this activity is masked by spikes. Despiking is thus a promising venue for a better characterization of oscillatory activity in electrophysiology of epilepsy

In vivo scalp-to-skull conductivity ratio calibration: an EIT study

International audienceNo abstrac

Localizing value of interictal electrical source imaging: Who are the best candidates?

Présentation Poster. Abstract published in Neurophysiologie Clinique 49(3):185, June 2019International audienceBackground: High resolution EEG combined to electrical source imaging has taken up a promising place in this pre-surgical investigation due to its ability to localize epileptic sources in the individual anatomical space and in a non-invasive way.Objectives: We aimed to prospectively assess the anatomical concordance of electric source localizations of interictal discharges with the epileptogenic zone (EZ) estimated by stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) according to different subgroups.Methods: In a prospective multicentric observational study, we enrolled 85 consecutive patients undergoing pre-surgical SEEG investigation. Electric source imaging was performed before SEEG. Anatomical concordance between ESI and EZ was defined according to 36 predefined sublobar regions. ESI was interpreted blinded to- and subsequently compared with SEEG estimated EZ.Results: A total of 74 patients were finally analyzed. A total of 38 patients had temporal and 36 extra-temporal lobe epilepsy. MRI was positive in 52. 41 patients had malformation of cortical development, 33 had another or an unknown aetiology. In the overall cohort, ESI completely or partly localized the EZ in 85%: full concordance in 13 cases and partial concordance in 50 cases. The rate of ESI full concordance with EZ was significantly higher in:– frontal lobe epilepsy (46%);– cases of negative MRI (36%) and;– MCD (27%).Conclusion: We demonstrated that ESI more accurately estimated the EZ in subgroups of patients who are often the most difficult cases in epilepsy surgery: frontal lobe epilepsy, negative MRI and the presence of MCD

Fast epileptic discharges associated with ictal negative motor phenomena

International audienceObjective : Focal motor negative phenomena have been described in seizures primarily involving “negative” motor areas (opercular pre-motor and medial pre-motor regions) and the rolandic region (post-central or pre-central). The localizing value of such signs and the mechanisms by which an epileptic discharge may generate negative phenomena remain debated.Methods : Ictal positive and negative motor phenomena occurring during seizures affecting the rolandic area were studied in a patient having intracerebral recordings (stereo-electro-encephalography, SEEG) for drug resistant epilepsy.Results : During the video-SEEG and EMG recording, nine positive and 27 negative motor seizures were recorded. All were generated within the same area (right opercular central area, Brodmann Area 4). The 2 different types of clinical seizure were differentiable by their power/frequency spectrum: positive motor seizures were associated with a prominent alpha–beta band discharge while negative motor seizures were associated with a gamma band discharge (>45 Hz).Conclusions : We propose that within the primary motor cortex, high frequency sustained discharges may disrupt the ongoing excitatory drive to the peripheral motoneurons and produce negative motor signs, while sustained lower frequency discharges (alpha and beta bands) may activate the cortico-nuclear or cortico-spinal pathway and produce positive motor signs.Significance : Both positive and negative ictal motor phenomena can be observed in the primary motor cortex depending on the properties of the epileptic discharge

MEG and EEG sensitivity in a case of medial occipital epilepsy.

International audienceInterictal or ictal events in partial epilepsies may project on scalp EEG contralaterally to the side of the epileptogenic lesion. Such paradoxical lateralization can be observed in case of para-sagittal generators, and is likely due to the spatial orientation of the generator, presenting an oblique projection towards the midline. We present here a case of medial occipital epilepsy investigated using EEG, MEG and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). MRI displayed a focal cortical dysplasia in the superior margin of the right calcarine fissure. SEEG demonstrated bilateral medial occipital interictal spikes, with an inversion of polarity at the level of the lesion and a contralateral propagation occurring in 10 ms. Interictal iterative EEG cartographies showed a large posterior field, with a maximum contralateral to the initial generator (EEG paradoxical lateralization). With the same number of channels, interictal iterative MEG cartographies were more precise and more complex than EEG ones, indicating an onset accurately lateralized. A few milliseconds later, MEG cartographies were quadripolar, thus indicating two homotopic active generators. These MEG and EEG cartographies have been reproduced using BESA dipole simulator. Relative merits of MEG and EEG are still debated. With 151 channels, MEG source localizations indicated the right medial occipital area, as demonstrated by SEEG. An investigation with a corresponding number of EEG channels was not performed. After a down sampling to 64 sensors, this precision was lost. MEG and EEG source localization results, both with 64 channels, were quite comparable, indicating both medial occipital areas. However, a careful analysis of MEG/EEG iterative cartographies, performed with the same number of channels in both modalities, demonstrated that, in this configuration, MEG sensitivity was superior to the EEG one, allowing separating two medial occipital sources, characterized in SEEG by a time delay of 10 ms