55 research outputs found
Molecular cloning, characterization, genomic organization and promoter analysis of the α1,6-fucosyltransferase gene (fut8) expressed in the rat hybridoma cell line YB2/0
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rat hybridoma cell line YB2/0 appears a good candidate for the large-scale production of low fucose recombinant mAbs due to its lower expression of <it>fut8 </it>gene than other commonly used rodent cell lines. However, important variations of the fucose content of recombinant mAbs are observed in production culture conditions. To improve our knowledge on the YB2/0 fucosylation capacity, we have cloned and characterized the rat <it>fut8 </it>gene.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cDNAs encoding the rat α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FucT VIII) were cloned from YB2/0 cells by polymerase chain reaction-based and 5' RNA-Ligase-Mediated RACE methods. The cDNAs contain an open reading frame of 1728 bp encoding a 575 amino acid sequence showing 94% and 88% identity to human and pig orthologs, respectively. The recombinant protein expressed in COS-7 cells exhibits a α1,6-fucosyltransferase activity toward human asialo-agalacto-apotransferrin. The rat <it>fut8 </it>gene is located on chromosome 6 q and spans over 140 kbp. It contains 9 coding exons and four 5'-untranslated exons. FISH analysis shows a heterogeneous copy number of <it>fut8 </it>in YB2/0 nuclei with 2.8 ± 1.4 mean copy number. The YB2/0 <it>fut8 </it>gene is expressed as two main transcripts that differ in the first untranslated exon by the usage of distinct promoters and alternative splicing. Luciferase assays allow defining the minimal promoting regions governing the initiation of the two transcripts, which are differentially expressed in YB2/0 as shown by duplex Taqman QPCR analysis. Bioinformatics analysis of the minimal promoter regions upstream exons E-2 and E-3, governing the transcription of T1 and T2 transcripts, respectively, evidenced several consensus sequences for potential transcriptional repressors. Transient transfections of Rat2 cells with transcription factor expression vectors allowed identifying KLF15 as a putative repressor of T1 transcript in Rat2 cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Altogether, these data contribute to a better knowledge of <it>fut8 </it>expression in YB2/0 that will be useful to better control the fucosylation of recombinant mAbs produced in these cells.</p
Improved Innate and Adaptive Immunostimulation by Genetically Modified HIV-1 Protein Expressing NYVAC Vectors.
Attenuated poxviruses are safe and capable of expressing foreign antigens. Poxviruses are applied in veterinary vaccination and explored as candidate vaccines for humans. However, poxviruses express multiple genes encoding proteins that interfere with components of the innate and adaptive immune response. This manuscript describes two strategies aimed to improve the immunogenicity of the highly attenuated, host-range restricted poxvirus NYVAC: deletion of the viral gene encoding type-I interferon-binding protein and development of attenuated replication-competent NYVAC. We evaluated these newly generated NYVAC mutants, encoding HIV-1 env, gag, pol and nef, for their ability to stimulate HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses in vitro from blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected subjects. The new vectors were evaluated and compared to the parental NYVAC vector in dendritic cells (DCs), RNA expression arrays, HIV gag expression and cross-presentation assays in vitro. Deletion of type-I interferon-binding protein enhanced expression of interferon and interferon-induced genes in DCs, and increased maturation of infected DCs. Restoration of replication competence induced activation of pathways involving antigen processing and presentation. Also, replication-competent NYVAC showed increased Gag expression in infected cells, permitting enhanced cross-presentation to HIV-specific CD8 T cells and proliferation of HIV-specific memory CD8 T-cells in vitro. The recombinant NYVAC combining both modifications induced interferon-induced genes and genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, as well as increased Gag expression. This combined replication-competent NYVAC is a promising candidate for the next generation of HIV vaccines
An outcome analysis and long-term viability of cryopreserved cultured epidermal allografts: assessment of the conservation of transplantable human skin allografts
Origine des évaporites aptiennes de l'Atlantique Sud : contraintes géochimiques dans la partie proximale de la marge du Congo
International audienc
Nantes (44), Chùteau des Ducs de Bretagne, étude du bùti du parement interne de la courtine de Loire: Rapport Final d'Opération d'Archéologie Préventive
Lâintervention archĂ©ologique prĂ©ventive rĂ©alisĂ©e dâoctobre 2019 Ă juillet 2020 au chĂąteau des ducs de Bretagne Ă Nantes (Loire-Atlantique) a portĂ© sur une emprise de 150 m2 concernĂ©e par le projet de restauration de la face sur cour du rempart. Ce projet Ă©tait conduit par Nantes MĂ©tropole. LâopĂ©ration sâest intĂ©ressĂ© Ă deux fronts de dĂ©fense du chĂąteau. Le premier, celui qui a Ă©tĂ© lâobjet principal de la prescription du service rĂ©gional de lâArchĂ©ologie, concernait la face interne de la courtine de Loire ; tandis que le second secteur Ă©tudiĂ© portait sur la courtine nord, et plus particuliĂšrement sur le remplacement de deux consoles de mĂąchicoulis. Leur Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e conjointement Ă la rĂ©alisation des travaux de restauration menĂ©s par lâentreprise LefĂšvre.Sur la courtine de Loire, lâanalyse des maçonneries a mis en Ă©vidence trois Ă©tats de construction compris entre 1466 (date de dĂ©marrage de la construction du chĂąteau actuel par François II) et la pĂ©riode contemporaine. La majeure partie de lâĂ©lĂ©vation concerne le premier Ă©tat de la courtine. Elle a Ă©tĂ© mise en place sous François II jusquâĂ une altitude dâenviron 13 m NGF au cours de deux phases de chantier distinctes. La premiĂšre phase correspond Ă lâĂ©dification de la base du rempart comprenant la premiĂšre ligne de feu et la poterne de Loire. Par la suite, peu de temps aprĂšs, la courtine est rehaussĂ©e jusquâĂ atteindre la hauteur prĂ©cĂ©demment mentionnĂ©e. Un second niveau de canonniĂšres est alors mis en place. Dans cette seconde phase de chantier, un changement de matĂ©riaux de construction a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© sur le parement interne du rempart et ce dernier a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© aminci pour atteindre 2,50 m de large (contre 3,70 m Ă sa base). En partie supĂ©rieure de la courtine, un amĂ©nagement de type hourd ou galerie a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ćuvre, vraisemblablement pour assurer une protection supplĂ©mentaire de la poterne de Loire et des quais qui la desservaient Ă cette Ă©poque.Dans un second temps, le roi François Ier opĂšre des transformations sur la partie sommitale du rempart en mettant en place des mĂąchicoulis sur consoles portant des linteaux ornĂ©s de ses armes. En lâĂ©tat actuel de nos connaissances, il est difficile de dĂ©terminer si cette modification rĂ©sulte de destructions violentes du rempart (lors du siĂšge de 1487) ou bien sâil sâagit dâune restauration souhaitĂ©e par le souverain dans le but dâimposer sa marque sur cet Ă©difice emblĂ©matique. Au revers de la courtine, la construction du Petit Gouvernement et le rehaussement de la cour, travaux Ă©galement attribuĂ©s Ă François Ier, occultent une grande partie des canonniĂšres de ce front. Un peu plus tard au cours de la pĂ©riode moderne, dâautres bĂątiments sont accolĂ©s Ă la courtine ainsi que le grand escalier menant au chemin de ronde. Les ancrages des charpentes et certaines fondations de ces bĂątiments ont Ă©tĂ© mises au jour par lâarchĂ©ologie.Enfin, au cours de la pĂ©riode contemporaine, des plaques commĂ©moratives sont accrochĂ©es sur le parement interne de la courtine. Elles occasionnent des reprises ponctuelles des maçonneries. Dâautres reprises du parement ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© mises en Ă©vidence au cours de notre Ă©tude et tĂ©moignent dâun Ă©tat dĂ©gradĂ© de la maçonnerie au cours des pĂ©riodes moderne et contemporaine. Elles tĂ©moignent de travaux rĂ©alisĂ©s Ă lâĂ©conomie attestant lâabsence de programme de restauration dâampleur menĂ©s sur le parement depuis la construction de la courtine
Planification des retours Ă domicile aprĂšs la naissance: Ă©valuation clinique et Ă©conomique du suivi dâun million de dyades mĂšreâenfant pendant un an
International audienceObjectifĂvaluer lâimpact du PRADO, un programme systĂ©matique de planification du suivi postnatal Ă domicile des mĂšres en bonne santĂ© et des enfants nĂ©s Ă terme, sur les issues cliniques et Ă©conomiques Ă un an.DesignĂtude rĂ©trospective de cohorte appariĂ©e par score de propension.PopulationSystĂšme national de donnĂ©es dâassurance maladie couvrant plus de 99 % de la population française.ParticipantsAu total, 1 297 646 dyades mĂšresâenfants en bonne santĂ© ayant accouchĂ© en France entre le 1er janvier 2017 et le 31 dĂ©cembre 2019.CritĂšres de jugementsMortalitĂ© maternelle, mortalitĂ© nĂ©onatale, rĂ©admissions maternelles et nĂ©onatales Ă lâhĂŽpital, consultations aux urgences, consultations de psychiatres et coĂ»ts globaux dâun point de vue sociĂ©tal au cours de la premiĂšre annĂ©e du post-partum. Nous avons comparĂ© les rĂ©sultats entre les femmes incluses dans ce programme (groupe PRADO) et les femmes qui nâont pas Ă©tĂ© assistĂ©es dans la planification de leurs soins (groupe tĂ©moin), selon un ratio 1/1 en utilisant un score de propension.RĂ©sultatsDans cette population Ă faible risque, les ratios de mortalitĂ© maternelle nâĂ©taient pas statistiquement diffĂ©rents avec 9 (n = 41) et 6 (n = 29) dĂ©cĂšs pour 100 000 mĂšres Ă un an du post-partum dans les groupes PRADO et tĂ©moin, respectivement. Les taux de mortalitĂ© nĂ©onatale nâĂ©taient pas statistiquement diffĂ©rents avec 3,5 et 4,2 dĂ©cĂšs pour 100 000 nourrissons Ă 28 jours du post-partum. Les mĂšres et les enfants bĂ©nĂ©ficiant du programme PRADO Ă©taient respectivement 14,4 % et 6,28 % moins souvent rĂ©hospitalisĂ©s au cours du premier mois. Les mĂšres Ă©taient Ă©galement moins susceptibles de recourir Ă des soins psychiatriques. Globalement, le programme dâaide Ă la prise de rendez-vous avant la sortie de lâhĂŽpital a permis dâĂ©conomiser 123⏠par dyade mĂšreâenfant dâun point de vue sociĂ©tal Ă un an du post-partum.ConclusionsLa mise en Ćuvre dâun programme systĂ©matique de prise de rendez-vous avant la sortie de lâhĂŽpital a Ă©tĂ© associĂ©e Ă une rĂ©duction concomitante des rĂ©hospitalisations, tant pour la mĂšre que pour lâenfant. Les facteurs contribuant Ă lâefficacitĂ© de la prĂ©vention devraient dâavantages ĂȘtre explorĂ©s pour sĂ©curiser le post-partum
Yield behaviour of a melt-compounded polyethylene-intercalated montmorillonite nanocomposite
The yield behaviour of a series of melt-mixed polyethylene-modified montmorillonite nanocomposites has been studied as a function of temperature and strain rate and compared to the behaviour of the base polymer. The processing conditions used gave an intercalated structure as assessed by X-ray diffraction. Although there was a modest improvement in stiffness with clay content, the yield behaviour was insensitive to the addition of the clay. Both the base polymer and the nanocomposites showed double yield points. These were analysed as activated rate processes, with the activation energies consistent with the low strain yield point being associated with the alpha(2) molecular relaxation and the higher strain yield point with W axis slip. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Phytomanagement of a metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural site using aromatic and medicinal plants to produce essential oils: analysis of the metal(loid) fate in the value chain.
International audiencePhytomanagement uses plants and soil conditioners to create value on contaminated land while minimizing environmental risk. This work was carried out on a metal(loid)-contaminated site and aimed at assessing the suitability of Salvia sclarea L. (sage) and Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) combined with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculant to immobilize metal(loid)s and produce essential oils (EO). The effect of the inoculant on the transfer of metal(loid)s (ML, i.e., Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, and Sb) to plants and the ML soil mobility were investigated. The ML concentrations in EO from both plant species and the valorization options for the distillation residues (soil conditioner, animal fodder, and anaerobic digestion) were studied. Sage was a suitable candidate for this value chain because it presents an excluder phenotype and the residues of oil extraction could be used as a soil conditioner. The metal concentrations in the sage EO were similar to those obtained from plants cultivated on an uncontaminated soil. These results indicate the suitability of sage harvested on the contaminated soil according to the ML fate in the whole value chain. Like the EO of sage, ML concentrations in the coriander EO did not differ from those in the commercial EO that were obtained from plants grown on uncontaminated soil. However, the use of distillation residues of coriander was limited by their relatively elevated Cd concentrations. The use of a mycorrhizal inoculum did not decrease the Cd mobility in soil for the coriander
S ânitrosoglutathione inhibits cerebrovascular angiotensin IIâdependent and âindependent AT 1 receptor responses: A possible role of S ânitrosation
International audienc
Metal transfert in aromatic medicinal plants, essential oil and residues focusing on valorization pathways
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