An Allergist's Perspective

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Physical exercise and functional fitness of older adults in day care center

Poster presented at the 2nd International Congress of CiiEM - Translational Research and Innovation in Human and Health Science. 11-13 June, 2017, Campus Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.N/

Contribution of HFE and HPSE genes and methaemoglobin reductase activity to heart failure

Introduction: Heart failure can be defined as a syndrome caused by a structural anomaly and/or by a committed cardiac function, which leads to an inadequate cardiac output unable to meet the metabolic necessities of the organism. We aim to understand if HFE and HPSE genes as well as methaemoglobin reductase activity, may influence the development of heart failure. Methodology: It was performed a case-control study, in which 252 DNA samples from Portuguese individuals were analysed, 143 derived from subjects with heart failure, and 109 from healthy controls. For HPSE genotyping (rs4693608), we performed endpoint PCR analysis. A multiplex ARMS (Amplification-Refractory Mutation System) assay was used for the simultaneous detection of two HFE polymorphisms (C282Y and H63D). Reductase methaemoglobin activity was determined by spectrophotometric methods. All statistical tests were performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics 26.0 software. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05. Results: Regarding the H63D polymorphism, results show the CG genotype as a risk factor [OR (95% CI) = 2.889 (1.041-8.018); p=0.042]. In what concerns HPSE gene, the GG genotype was found to have a protective effect [OR (95% CI) = 0.435 (0.193-0.982); p=0.045] while the presence of the A allele is a risk factor [OR (95% CI) = 2.297 (1.018-5.179); p=0.045. Considering methaemoglobin reductase, its activity was lower in patients than in healthy controls (p=0.019). Discussion: Intravenous iron supplementation is sometimes considered in heart failure treatment, emphasizing the results presented in the present study. Considering the high prevalence of heart failure in Portugal (400.000 individuals, according to Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia), it is important to identify iron-related markers, since it may allow an earlier and more expert approach, which may provide better prevention and therapeutic strategies for this pathology.N/

Study of the interaction between modulators of iron homeostasis and the ACE gene in heart failure

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) refers to a clinical syndrome composed of a set of symptoms and/or signs that originate from a structural and/or functional cardiac anomaly and that give rise to the inability to pump blood in sufficient quantity, to meet the body's metabolic needs. In the present work, we intend to understand how the interaction between the I/D variation in the ACE gene and possible modulators of iron (Fe) homeostasis influence HF. The modulators under study were: the methemoglobin reductase activity, the Hfe gene and heparanase genes (HPSE) Methodology: A case-control study was carried out with 252 Portuguese people, 143 with HF and 109 healthy controls. To analyze the polymorphism in the HPSE gene (rs4693608) endpoint genotyping (LightCycler480) was performed. To analyze both polymorphisms in the Hfe gene (H63D and C282Y), ARMS Multiplex technique was used. For the analysis of the polymorphism in the ECA gene (rs4646994 - I/D) a regular PCR was performed. Methaemoglobin reductase activity was obtained using spectrophotometric assay. All necessary statistical tests were performed using the IBM® SPSS® Statistics 26.0 software, with values considered significant for p < 0.05. Results: There was an association between HF and: 1) the presence of the D allele of the HFe gene (HH vs HD; p=0.049); 2) the presence of the A allele of the HPSE gene (AA + GA vs GG; p=0.045; 3) lower levels of methemoglobin reductase activity (p=0.019). It was also found that epistasis between the presence of the H or C allele of the Hfe gene and the D allele of the ACE gene are protective in HF (p=0.041 for both). Conclusion: Results of this study highlight the role of iron homeostasis and its interaction with ACE in HF. Iron is an essential component for the proper functioning of mitochondria, which play an important role in providing energy to the heart muscle. Knowledge of the genotype profile of patients, in modulating genes of iron homeostasis in interaction with the ACE gene could be an advantage in the application of a more personalized medicine, allowing preventive counseling and more targeted therapy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudo da interação entre moduladores da homeostasia do ferro e o gene ECA na insuficiência cardíaca

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) diz respeito a um síndrome clínico composto por um conjunto de sintomas e/ou sinais com origem numa anomalia cardíaca estrutural e/ou funcional e que dá origem à inabilidade de bombear sangue em quantidade suficiente, de forma a preencher as necessidades metabólicas do organismo. No presente trabalho, pretendemos perceber como a interação entre a variação I/D no gene ECA e possíveis moduladores da homeostasia do ferro (Fe) influenciam a IC. Os moduladores em estudo foram: a atividade da redutase da metahemoglobina, o gene Hfe e o gene da heparanase (HPSE) Metodologia: Foi efetuado um estudo de caso-controlo, no qual foram utilizadas 252 amostras de portugueses, 143 indivíduos com IC e 109 controlos saudáveis. Para analisar o polimorfismo no gene HPSE (rs4693608) foi feita a genotipagem por endpoint (LightCycler480). Para analisar os polimorfismos no gene Hfe (H63D e C282Y) recorreu-se à técnica de ARMS Multiplex. Para a análise do polimorfismo no gene ECA (rs4646994 - I/D) realizou-se um PCR. A atividade da redutase da metahemoglobina foi obtida por testes espetrofotométricos. Todos os testes estatísticos necessários foram realizados no software IBM® SPSS® Statistics 26.0, tendo os valores sido considerados significativos para um p < 0,05. Resultados: Verificou-se uma associação entre a IC e: 1) a presença do alelo D do gene HFe (HH vs HD; p=0,049); 2) a presença do alelo A do gene HPSE (AA + GA vs GG; p=0,045; 3) níveis mais baixos da atividade da redutase da metahemoglobina (p=0.019). Verificou-se ainda que as epistasias entre a presença do alelo H ou C do gene Hfe e o alelo D do gene ECA são protetores na IC (p=0,041 para ambas). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam o papel da homeostasia do ferro e da sua interação com a ECA na IC. O ferro é um componente essencial para o bom funcionamento das mitocôndrias, as quais têm um papel importante no fornecimento de energia ao musculo cardíaco. O conhecimento do perfil genótipo dos doentes em genes moduladores da homeostasia do ferro em interação com o gene ECA, poderá ser uma vantagem na aplicação de uma medicina mais personalizada, permitindo um aconselhamento preventivo e uma terapêutica mais dirigidos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação da Aceitabilidade Sensorial de uma Bebida à Base de Extrato Hidrossolúvel de Soja, Polpa de Morango e Sacarose

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma bebida à base de extrato aquoso de soja, polpa de morango e sacarose com o propósito de obter um produto que agregue as propriedades nutricionais da soja e propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais da polpa de morango. Foram elaboradas sete formulações, determinadas segundo delineamento fatorial completo 22, com três repetições no ponto central, com a finalidade de verificar o efeito das concentrações de polpa de morango e sacarose nas características sensoriais de cor, sabor e viscosidade. Na análise sensorial foi utilizado o teste de aceitação com utilização de escala hedônica de sete pontos, sendo que os máximos valores médios das notas atribuídas pelos julgadores em relação aos atributos cor, sabor e viscosidade das formulações estudadas foram, respectivamente, 6,38, 6,47 e 6,09. A análise da variância mostrou que existe diferença significativa entre as formulações (p £ 0,05), ao nível de 5% de significância, em relação à cor, sabor e viscosidade. O aumento da proporção de morango nas formulações acarretou em aumento da aceitação em relação aos atributos cor e viscosidade. Os valores médios encontrados na caracterização do extrato hidrossolúvel de soja foram: umidade- 95,94%; cinzas – 0,54%; gordura – 1,0%; proteína – 1,9%. Em relação a polpa de morango obteve-se os seguintes valores médios: pH – 3,54; sólidos solúveis – 7,25 °Brix; acidez – 0,705 %; ácido ascórbico 47,46 mg/100g; umidade – 91,9 %; açúcares redutores – 8,41% e açúcares totais – 15,65%

Analysis of airborne grass pollen concentrations in the atmosphere of mainland Portugal

Introdução: A exposição ao pólen atmosférico da família das Poaceae constitui a principal causa de polinose em Portugal. Objectivos: Analisar e comparar a estação de pólen atmosférico principal (EPAP) do pólen de gramíneas das estações de monitorização continentais da Rede Portuguesa de Aerobiologia: Porto, Coimbra, Lisboa, Évora e Portimão. Métodos: No estudo utilizaram -se os dados diários de 7 anos (2002 -2008) resultantes das monitorizações de pólen de gramíneas das cinco estações. Resultados: Entre as localidades encontraram -se diferenças estatisticamente significativas, em termos de índices polínicos, de duração e na data de término da EPAP. Este tipo polínico encontrou -se bem representado nas várias localidades, com valores próximos ou acima de 10% do pólen total. Esteve presente na atmosfera durante todo o ano mas com concentrações elevadas de Maio a Julho. O início da EPAP foi mais precoce no litoral, Lisboa e Porto, e mais tardio no interior sul, em Évora, com a respectiva duração a diminuir de Norte para Sul. As concentrações máximas absolutas diárias registaram -se em Junho e Julho no Porto, finais de Maio e início de Junho em Coimbra, e em Maio em Lisboa, Évora e Portimão. A EPAP terminou em Agosto no Norte e em Julho no Sul. Porto e Coimbra revelaram os mais baixos índices polínicos, com valores médios de 2151 e 1617 pólen/ano, respectivamente, enquanto Évora registou os mais elevados índices de pólen com 16736 pólen/ano. Concentrações médias diárias >25 pólen/m3 registaram -se no Porto durante 23 ± 5 dias, em Coimbra durante 16 ± 8 dias, em Lisboa durante 34 ± 15 dias, em Évora durante 54 ± 9 dias e em Portimão durante 39 ± 12 dias. Conclusões: Entre as localidades registaram -se diferenças na EPAP das gramíneas. É nas regiões do Sul, interiores e rurais, que o risco de exposição a este pólen é maior.Background: Airborne grass pollen constitutes the main cause of pollinosis in Portugal. Objectives: To analyze and to compare the main atmospheric pollen season (MAPS) of grass pollen in different monitoring stations of the Portuguese Aerobiology Network: Oporto, Coimbra, Lisbon, Évora and Portimão. Methods: In this study, daily sampling data of Poaceae pollen from five monitoring stations over the last seven years (2002 -2008) were used. Results: Statistical significant differences were observed in pollen indices and in main pollen atmospheric seasons: length and ending date. The highest concentrations of grass pollen were recorded from May to July. The beginning of the MAPS was earlier at the monitoring stations near the coast, Lisbon and Oporto, and it was recorded later in the south part of the country, in Évora. The absolute daily maximum concentrations were recorded in June and July in Oporto, at the end of May and beginning of June in Coimbra, on May in Lisbon, Évora and Portimão. The length of MAPS decreased from north to south. The end of MAPS was in August in the north and in July in the south. Although the observed interannual differences, Oporto and Coimbra showed the lowest pollen index, 2.151 and 1.617 pollen/year respectively, while Évora recorded the highest pollen index, 16.736 pollen/year. Concentrations >25 pollen/m3 were recorded in Oporto during 23 ± 5 days, in Coimbra during 16 ± 8 days, in Lisbon 34 ± 15 days, in Évora during 54 ± 9 days and in Portimão during 39 ± 12 days. Conclusions: Between the stations there were differences in MAPS of grasses. In Portugal, the risk of exposure to this pollen type is higher in the southern inland and rural areas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers up to 6 months post disease onset

SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a human pathogen, causing clinical signs, from fever to pneumonia—COVID-19—but may remain mild or asymptomatic. To understand the continuing spread of the virus, to detect those who are and were infected, and to follow the immune response longitudinally, reliable and robust assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection and immunological monitoring are needed. We quantified IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the Spike (S) protein over a period of 6 months following COVID-19 onset. We report the detailed setup to monitor the humoral immune response from over 300 COVID-19 hospital patients and healthcare workers, 2500 University staff, and 198 post-COVID-19 volunteers. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses follow a classic pattern with a rapid increase within the first three weeks after symptoms. Although titres reduce subsequently, the ability to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies remained robust with confirmed neutralization activity for up to 6 months in a large proportion of previously virus-positive screened subjects. Our work provides detailed information for the assays used, facilitating further and longitudinal analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, it highlights a continued level of circulating neutralising antibodies in most people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prototype of an affordable pressure-controlled emergency mechanical ventilator for COVID-19

We present a viable prototype of a simple mechanical ventilator intended as a last resort to ventilate COVID-19 patients. The prototype implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode (PC-CMV) with settable breathing rates, inspiration/expiration time ratios and FiO2 modulation. Although safe, the design aims to minimize the use of technical components and those used are common in industry, so its construction may be possible in times of logistical shortage or disruption or in areas with reduced access to technical materials and at a moderate cost, affordable to lower income countries. Most of the device can be manufactured by modest technical means and construction plans are provided.Comment: This version differs from version 2 in that it includes toxicological and bio-safety tests and updated electronic