Técnicas de teledetección en el estudio de los cambios medioambientales que se producen en la criosfera

Este proyecto realiza el estudio de la evolución de algunos de los glaciares más representativos del mundo a partir del análisis de imágenes Landsat comprendidas en un periodo de tiempo de aproximadamente dos décadas, descargando así la imagen mas antigua y la mas actual para cada glaciar con el fin de poder calcular el retroceso y perdida de superficie de estos. Los glaciares han sido escogidos en zonas de los Alpes Suizos, los Alpes Franceses, el Parque Nacional de los glaciares en Argentina, el golfo de Alaska y Groenlandia ya que estas zonas se caracterizan por su gran número de glaciares y estudios realizados. La aplicación de diferentes técnicas de Teledetección permite obtener resultados óptimos sobre el deshielo de los glaciares ya que tienen notables incidencias en estudios medioambientales de grandes extensiones. Permiten analizar y procesar las imágenes sin necesidad del trabajo de campo que no siempre es posible por la dificultad de acceso a la mayor parte de los glaciares

Relationship between genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by mercury on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissues

Artículo científicoMercury is one of the most toxic metals in aquatic systems since it is able to induce neurobehavioral disorders as well as renal and gastrointestinal tract damage. The common carp Cyprinus carpio is an important species from both an ecological and economic viewpoint as it is consumed in many countries, the top producers being Mexico, China, India and Japan. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between Hg-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in diverse tissues of C. carpio. Specimens were exposed to 0.01 mg Hg/L (the maximum per- missible limit for aquatic life protection), and lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated at 96 h. Micronuclei frequency and DNA damage by comet assay were determined at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Hg induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity on exposed fish, since inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activity and increases in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and micronuclei frequency occurred. Blood, gill and liver were more susceptible to oxidative stress, while blood were more sensitive to genotoxicity. In conclusion, Hg at concentrations equal to the maximum permissible limit for aquatic life protection induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity on C. carpio, and these two effects prove to be corre- lated.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Project 181541) as well as the Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico (SIP-IPN, Projects 20160871 and 20170931)

Study of the Interaction between Executive Function and Adaptive Behavior at School in Girls with Fragile X Syndrome

Comportamiento adaptativo; Escuela; NiñasComportament adaptatiu; Escola; NenesAdaptive behavior; School; Young femalesThe aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between executive functions and adaptive behavior in girls with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) in the school setting. This study is part of a larger investigation conducted at the Hospital Parc Tauli in Sabadell. The sample consists of a total of 40 girls (26 with FXS and 14 control) aged 7–16 years, who were administered different neuropsychological tests (WISC-V, NEPSY-II, WCST, TOL) and questionnaires answered by teachers (ABAS-II, BRIEF 2, ADHD Rating Scale). The results show that there is a greater interaction between some areas of executive function (cognitive flexibility, auditory attention, and visual abstraction capacity) and certain areas of adaptive behavior (conceptual, practical, social, and total domains) in the FXS group than in the control group. These results suggest that an alteration in the executive functions was affecting the daily functioning of the girls with FXS to a greater extent.The study was awarded two scholarships by the “Parc Tauli Foundation”: (1) Financial assistance to cover part of the travel expenses (transportation and accommodation). Grant number: 2018.0035; (2) “Intensifica’t al Tauli” Scholarship: grant program for the institutions’ healthcare professionals who led research projects. This financial assistance partially frees them from their professional activity for a period of 12 months so that they can make a greater commitment to research. Grant number: 2020.0081

Estrategias pedagógicas y psicosociales que se promueven para la pluralidad, identidad y valoración de las diferencias en los estudiantes de básica secundaria de las instituciones educativas de la comuna siete de Villavicencio Meta.

Figuras, tablas, apéndiceEn Colombia la formación en competencias ciudadanas ha sido declarada como una necesidad, por ello el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, desde la promulgación de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991, viene asumiendo este reto; es así que han pasado ya casi un cuarto de siglo y no es claro el resultado de las estrategias aplicadas, sobre todo porque no se evidencia registros de su valoración a nivel municipal, como en el caso concreto del municipio de Villavicencio y mucho menos de cada uno de los ejes de dichas competencias. Por lo anterior, el presente estudio se enfoca desde la psicología educativa para realizar un análisis de las estrategias pedagógicas y psicosociales que se promueven en los estudiantes de básica secundaria de las Instituciones Educativas de la comuna siete de Villavicencio entorno a uno de los tres ejes de las competencias ciudadanas, “Pluralidad, identidad y valoración de las diferencias”; para ello se diseñó una investigación de enfoque cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva, apoyada en el diseño transversal, utilizando como principal instrumento de recolección de información la encuesta, para ello se diseñaron tres formatos aplicados a igual número de poblaciones (estudiantes, psicorientadores o coordinadores, y directores). Los resultados del estudio permiten identificar una percepción favorable por parte de los estudiantes de básica secundaria de todas las instituciones educativas objeto de estudio, además de las características de las estrategias educativas y psicosociales que desarrollan al interior de los colegios para promover la pluralidad, identidad y valoración de las diferencias.In Colombia citizenship skills training has been declared as a necessity, so the Ministry of Education, since the enactment of the Constitution of Colombia of 1991, is taking up this challenge; It's been nearly a quarter century and it is unclear the outcome of the strategies implemented, especially since records valuation at the municipal level, as in the case of the municipality of Villavicencio, let alone each is not evidence axes of those powers. Therefore, the present study focuses on educational psychology for analysis of pedagogical and psychosocial strategies promoted in the primary school students of educational institutions of the commune seven Villavicencio around one of the three axes of citizenship competencies, "Plurality, identity and appreciation of differences"; for it a quantitative research approach, descriptive type, leaning on the cross-sectional design, using as the main instrument of the survey data collection, for it three formats applied to the same number of people (students, psycho-counselors or coordinators, and directors). The results of the study to identify a favorable perception of basic high school students of all educational institutions under study, besides the characteristics of educational and psychosocial strategies developed within schools to promote plurality, identity appreciation of differences

DNA damage and cytotoxicity induced on common carp by pollutants in water from an urban reservoir. Madín reservoir, a case study

Artículo científicoMadín Reservoir provides a substantial amount of drinking water to two municipalities close to Mexico City metropolitan area. However, it receives untreated wastewater discharges from domestic sources in the towns of Nuevo Madín and others, as well as diverse pollutants which are hauled by the Río Tlal- nepantla from its upper reaches, so that the xenobiotics in the reservoir are highly diverse in terms of type and quantity. Previous studies showed that MR is contaminated with xenobiotics such as Al, Hg and Fe, as well as NSAIDs, at concentrations exceeding the limits established for aquatic life protection. These pollutants have been shown to induce oxidative stress on Cyprinus carpio and may therefore also damage the genetic material of exposed organisms, eliciting cytotoxicity as well. The present study aimed to determine the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced on blood, liver and gill of C. carpio by the pollutants present in MR water. Specimens were exposed to water from five sampling sites and the following biomarkers were evaluated: DNA damage by comet assay, frequency of micronuclei, apoptosis by TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activity. Significant increases relative to the control group (P < 0.05) were found with all biomarkers in all tissues evaluated, with the level of damage differing between sampling sites. In conclusion, pollutants present in MR water are genotoxic and cytotoxic to C. carpio, and this sentinel species, coupled with the biomarkers evaluated herein, is a reliable tool for assessing the health risk to wildlife posed by exposure to pollutants in freshwater bodies.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT-Mexico, Proj- ect 181541), and the Secretaría de Investigacio n y Posgrado, Insti- tuto Polite cnico Nacional (SIP-IPN, proyecto 20160871)

Análisis infrarrojo de fracciones de sangre periférica obtenida para indicar desarrollo cognitivo asociado a la enfermedad de Alzheimer

La presente invención se refiere a un método de análisis espectroscópico infrarrojo de transmisión para determinar el grado de deterioro global cognitivo asociado a la enfermedad de Alzheimer basado en analizar la región 3100-1300 cm-1 del espectro de infrarrojo de una muestra de sangre previamente obtenida y fraccionada. Preferentemente, la muestra de sangre fraccionada a analizar es una fracción de leucocitos. Asimismo, es también objeto de la presente invención el empleo de dicho método para obtener una indicación de una condición de enfermedad de Alzheimer y/o una indicación del grado de deterioro cognitivo asociado a dicha enfermedadInstituto de Salud Carlos III; Fundación CIEN; Fundación para la Investigación Médica del Hospital 12 de OctubreSolicitud de patent

Toxicity of Cultured Bullseye Puffer Fish Sphoeroides annulatus

The toxin content in various life cycle stages of tank-cultivated bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) were analyzed by mouse bioassay and ESI-MS spectrometry analysis. The presence of toxin content was determined in extracts of sperm, eggs, embryo, larvae, post-larvae, juvenile, pre-adult, and adult fish, as well as in food items used during the cultivation of the species. Our findings show that only the muscle of juveniles, the viscera of pre-adults, and muscle, liver, and gonad of adult specimens were slightly toxic (<1 mouse unit). Thus, cultivated S. annulatus, as occurs with other cultivated puffer fish species, does not represent a food safety risk to consumers. This is the first report of toxin analysis covering the complete life stages of a puffer fish under controlled conditions

Hox patterning of the vertebrate axial skeleton

The axial skeleton in all vertebrates is composed of similar components that extend from anterior to posterior along the body axis: the occipital skull bones and cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae. Despite significant changes in the number and size of these elements during evolution, the basic character of these anatomical elements, as well as the order in which they appear in vertebrate skeletons, have remained remarkably similar. Through extensive expression analyses, classic morphological perturbation experiments in chicken and targeted loss-of-function analyses in mice, Hox genes have proven to be critical regulators in the establishment of axial skeleton morphology. The convergence of these studies to date allows an emerging understanding of Hox gene function in patterning the vertebrate axial skeleton. This review summarizes genetic and embryologic findings regarding the role of Hox genes in establishing axial morphology and how these combined results impact our current understanding of the vertebrate Hox code. Developmental Dynamics 236:2454–2463, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56149/1/21286_ftp.pd