Теоретичні основи інтеграції знань у системі вокально-хорової підготовки майбутнього вчителя музичного мистецтва

У статті визначено теоретичні основи інтеграції знань у системі вокально-хорової підготовки майбутнього вчителя музичного мистецтва, обґрунтовано суть інтегративного підходу до професійного навчання студентів педагогічного університету

Integrated plasticity at inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the cerebellar circuit

The way long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are integrated within the different synapses of brain neuronal circuits is poorly understood. In order to progress beyond the identification of specific molecular mechanisms, a system in which multiple forms of plasticity can be correlated with large-scale neural processing is required. In this paper we take as an example the cerebellar network, in which extensive investigations have revealed LTP and LTD at several excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Cerebellar LTP and LTD occur in all three main cerebellar subcircuits (granular layer, molecular layer, deep cerebellar nuclei) and correspondingly regulate the function of their three main neurons: granule cells (GrCs), Purkinje cells (PCs) and deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) cells. All these neurons, in addition to be excited, are reached by feed-forward and feed-back inhibitory connections, in which LTP and LTD may either operate synergistically or homeostatically in order to control information flow through the circuit. Although the investigation of individual synaptic plasticities in vitro is essential to prove their existence and mechanisms, it is insufficient to generate a coherent view of their impact on network functioning in vivo. Recent computational models and cell-specific genetic mutations in mice are shedding light on how plasticity at multiple excitatory and inhibitory synapses might regulate neuronal activities in the cerebellar circuit and contribute to learning and memory and behavioral control.This work was supported by European Union grants to ED [CEREBNETFP7-ITN238686, REAL NET FP7-ICT270434, Human Brain Project(HBP-604102)] and by Centro Fermi grant [13(14)] to LM

Schistosomiasis mansoni as an occupational disease: the importance of establishing the link

Este ensaio destaca o perfil do trabalhador de área rural, portador da Esquistossomose mansônica, doença endêmica adquirida durante suas atividades laborais em áreas alagadas da baixada maranhense. Faz-se uma análise da legislação previdenciária e trabalhista utilizada para fins de concessão de benefícios e do nexo causal que estabelece a relação entre a situação de trabalho e o surgimento da doença. Para tal, utilizamos pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática e pesquisa documental do plano jurídico formal da previdência. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de reconhecer esta relação nas regiões endêmicas, no sentido de aprimorar o proposto na “Lista de Doenças Relacionadas ao Trabalho”.This study highlights the profile of rural workers with schistosomiasis mansoni, an endemic disease acquired during their work activities in flooded areas in the Baixada Maranhense. In order to analyze the social security and labor legislation used to grant benefits and the causal link that establishes the relationship between the work situation and the onset of the disease, we performed a bibliographical research on the topic and a documentary research on the formal legal plan of social security. This study addresses the need to recognize this relationship in endemic regions in order to improve what is proposed by the List of Work-Related Diseases

Effects of antimony on redox activities and antioxidant defence systems in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants

Se determinaron las alteraciones inducidas por la toxicidad del antimonio (Sb) en las raíces y hojas de las plantas de girasol. Las plantas se cultivaron hidropónicamente con diferentes concentraciones de Sb, un metal pesado que reduce la producción y el crecimiento de biomasa. Hubo una acumulación preferencial de Sb en los tejidos de las raíces, siendo las concentraciones en las hojas mucho más bajas. La acumulación de otros elementos minerales también fue alterada, especialmente la de Fe y Zn. El contenido de clorofila disminuyó, al igual que la eficiencia fotosintética, pero el contenido de carotenoides permaneció inalterado. El contenido total de fenólicos, flavonoides y glucósidos henilpropanoides aumentó, evidencia de su participación en la respuesta de defensa. Se observaron aumentos en la cantidad de anión superóxido en ambas raíces y hojas, y en los niveles de peroxidación de lípidos, especialmente con la mayor concentración de Sb de 1.0 mM. El estrés oxidativo inducido conduce a un fuerte aumento en las actividades antioxidantes de SOD, POX y APX, mientras que la actividad de GR solo aumentó en las hojas y en la concentración de Sb de 1,0 mM. En contraste, la actividad DHAR aumentó considerablemente en ambos órganos. La actividad de GSNOR aumentó solo en las raíces, y el total de RSNO aumentó. La cantidad total de AsA + DHA aumentó en las raíces y se mantuvo inalterada en las hojas, mientras que la de GSH + GSSG disminuyó considerablemente en todos los casos. En conjunto, estos resultados son evidencia del desarrollo de un fuerte estrés oxidativo inducido por Sb, con un claro desequilibrio en el contenido de los compuestos que constituyen el ciclo AsA / GSH. Sb 0,5 mM mejora la expresión de GST, especialmente en hojas. Esto, junto con el aumento que se observó en la cantidad de GSH, puede jugar un papel importante en la desintoxicación. Este estrés oxidativo afecta tanto a los procesos fenólicos como a los procesos metabólicos ROS / RNS, lo que parece implicar su participación en la defensa de la planta y la respuesta al estrés.The alterations induced by the toxicity of antimony (Sb) in the roots and leaves of sunflower plants were determined. The plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of Sb, a heavy metal which reduces biomass production and growth. There was preferential accumulation of Sb in the tissues of the roots, with the concentrations in the leaves being much lower. The accumulation of other mineral elements was also altered, especially that of Fe and Zn. Chlorophyll content declined, as also did the photosynthetic efficiency, but the carotenoid content remained unaltered. The total content of phenolics, flavonoids, and henylpropanoid glycosides rose, evidence of their participation in the defence response. Increases were observed in the amount of superoxide anion in both roots and leaves, and in lipid peroxidation levels, especially with the highest Sb concentration of 1.0 mM. The induced oxidative stress leads to a strong increase in the SOD, POX and APX antioxidant activities, while the GR activity was only increased in the leaves and at the 1.0 mM Sb concentration. In contrast, the DHAR activity increased considerably in both organs. The GSNOR activity increased only in roots, and the total RSNOs increased. The total amount of AsA + DHA increased in roots and remained unaltered in leaves, whereas that of GSH + GSSG decreased considerably in all cases. As a whole, these results are evidence for the development of a strong oxidative stress induced by Sb, with there being a clear imbalance in the content of the compounds that constitute the AsA/GSH cycle. 0.5 mM Sb enhances GST expression, especially in leaves. This, together with the increase that was observed in the amount of GSH, may play an important part in detoxification. This oxidative stress affects both the phenolic and the ROS/RNS metabolic processes, which seems to implicate their involvement in the plant's defence and response to the stress.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Ayudas Grupos de Investigación FBCMP GR15138 e IB16078peerReviewe

Scanning electron microscopy assessment of the Descemet membrane interface during DMEK graft preparation

Abstract We set out to determine microscopic characteristics of the Descemet membrane interface during Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation. Ten corneas were partially prepared, preserving half of the Descemet membrane attached to the stroma to enable visualisation of the Descemet-stroma interface. This tissue was prepared for viewing with a scanning electron microscope. The Descemet-stroma interface was categorised into three regions: centre, mid-periphery and periphery. We classified adhesions in these regions as either minor thread-like adhesions or major bridge-like adhesions with stromal detachments. We found a region-specific differentiation of the Descemet-stroma morphology. The presence of minor (P = 0,0001) and major (P = 0,0001) adhesions at the explored regions of the Descemet-stroma interface were found to be statistically significant. Fibrotic linear adhesions were predominant in the centre and mid-periphery, whereas the larger bridge-like adhesions were found mainly in the periphery. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between the size of the adhesions and the presence of ruptures in the underlying stromal bed. Viewing of the Descemet-stroma interface with electron microscopy reveals morphological differences between the centre of a graft and its periphery. These findings are of potential clinical relevance in terms of developing a better understanding of tissue behaviour during graft preparation

Coaching breve orientado para as soluções:projecto de avaliação da sua eficácia na prevenção do distress e na promoção do eustress em contexto profissional

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoO stress profissional é imprescindível para o bom desempenho individual, dada a sua importância na gestão de desafios e ameaças no quotidiano. No entanto, a sua expressão como eustress parece proporcionar melhores índices de bem-estar e de desempenho do que a sua expressão como distress, o que tem levado a um crescente foco da literatura no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e técnicas para a promoção do eustress no trabalho. Uma prática que visa corresponder a estes requisitos é o coaching breve orientado para as soluções (CBOS), que é uma aplicação em coaching dos princípios teórico-práticos da terapia breve orientada para as soluções. O CBOS visa a promoção de dimensões psicológicas como o optimismo, o coping focado na tarefa, o saborear dos desafios e dos momentos positivos, a internalidade de controlo, o sentido de coerência, a resiliência, e a auto-eficácia geral. A promoção destas dimensões é apontada pela pesquisa como sendo preventiva do surgimento de distress, e promotora da geração de eustress. É, portanto, expectável que uma técnica que promova o desenvolvimento individual destas características, como o CBOS procura fazer, também consiga produzir resultados positivos no que concerne à gestão do stress profissional, através da prevenção de sentimentos de distress e da geração de estados afectivos de eustress. O presente projecto visa expor um racional metodológico que permita testar esta possibilidade. O CBOS deverá ser aplicado na forma de business coaching, junto de uma amostra de profissionais, e o método proposto recorre à análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos por meio de modelos de equações estruturais e de análise de conteúdo. São discutidos os resultados previstos, bem como as limitações do design de investigação. Propõem-se ainda direcções para pesquisa futura neste domínio.The experiencing of occupational stress is an essential condition for satisfactory individual performance, given the central role it plays in the management of everyday challenges and threats at work. Notwithstanding, its expression as eustress appears to provide for better well-being and performance results than happens for its distress configuration. This has led to a growing research focus on the development of valid techniques for the generation of eustress at work. Solution-focused brief coaching (SFBC), the coaching-form adaptation of the general principles and practices of solution-focused brief therapy, intends to be one such technique. It makes its hallmark to promote the development of psychological dimensions such as optimism, task-focused coping, the savoring of challenges and positive moments, an internal sense of control over events, a sense of coherence, resilience, and general self-efficacy. The promotion of these dimensions has been pointed out by past research as being preventive of feelings of distress, and promoting of the generation of eustress. Therefore, it is to be expected that a technique that will promote the individual development of such dimensions, as SFBC attempts to, will also show positive results insofar as concerns the management of occupational stress, via both the deterrence of feelings of distress, and the generation of affective states of eustress. This project attempts to lay out a methodological rationale by which this possibility may be empirically tested. SFBC is to be applied in the form of business coaching, on a sample of professional workers. The proposed method recurs to the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, by means of SEM and content analysis. A discussion of the expected results ensues. The limitations to the research design are also debated, and directions for further research are proposed

Soportabilidad Turística en los sitios de visita de los senderos de la laguna Chinancocha-sector Llanganuco del Parque Nacional Huascarán, Perú

The objective is to determine the tourist supportability at the visit sites of A and B transects of Chinancocha Lagoon, in the district and province of Yungay-Ancash region. The logical historical method was used, the deductive inductive method and the observation were also used; as techniques the bibliographic review, the documentary analysis, as well as the criteria of the specialists to validate the conflicts of use-resources and to select the variables of the field of action were used. We made a direct observation in situ with photographic records, an interview guide, and a questionnaire. Load capacity was determined at three levels: (CCF) of 1 969 visitors, (CCR) of 1 655 visitors and (CCE) of 1208 visitors at a certain time of use at Chinancocha Lagoon, considering an average of 1 to 1.40 effective hours of visit per day.El objetivo es determinar la soportabilidad turística en los sitios de visita de los transectos A y B de la Laguna de Chinancocha, del distrito y provincia de Yungay- región Áncash. Se utilizó el método histórico lógico, el método inductivo deductivo y la observación; como técnicas se emplearon la revisión bibliográfica, análisis documental, así como el criterio de los especialistas para validar los conflictos de uso-recursos y para seleccionar las variables del campo de acción. Se realizó la observación directa en campo con registro fotográfico, una guía de entrevista, y un cuestionario. Se determinó la Capacidad de carga en tres niveles: (CCF) de 1 969 visitantes, (CCR) de 1 655 visitantes y la (CCE) de 1208 visitantes en un determinado tiempo de uso en la Laguna de Chinancocha, considerando un promedio de 1 a 1.40 horas efectivas de visita al día