SEAL: Scientific Keyphrase Extraction and Classification

Automatic scientific keyphrase extraction is a challenging problem facilitating several downstream scholarly tasks like search, recommendation, and ranking. In this paper, we introduce SEAL, a scholarly tool for automatic keyphrase extraction and classification. The keyphrase extraction module comprises two-stage neural architecture composed of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory cells augmented with Conditional Random Fields. The classification module comprises of a Random Forest classifier. We extensively experiment to showcase the robustness of the system. We evaluate multiple state-of-the-art baselines and show a significant improvement. The current system is hosted at http://lingo.iitgn.ac.in:5000/.Comment: Accepted at JCDL 202

Fair Differentially Private Federated Learning Framework

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning strategy that enables participants to collaborate and train a shared model without sharing their individual datasets. Privacy and fairness are crucial considerations in FL. While FL promotes privacy by minimizing the amount of user data stored on central servers, it still poses privacy risks that need to be addressed. Industry standards such as differential privacy, secure multi-party computation, homomorphic encryption, and secure aggregation protocols are followed to ensure privacy in FL. Fairness is also a critical issue in FL, as models can inherit biases present in local datasets, leading to unfair predictions. Balancing privacy and fairness in FL is a challenge, as privacy requires protecting user data while fairness requires representative training data. This paper presents a "Fair Differentially Private Federated Learning Framework" that addresses the challenges of generating a fair global model without validation data and creating a globally private differential model. The framework employs clipping techniques for biased model updates and Gaussian mechanisms for differential privacy. The paper also reviews related works on privacy and fairness in FL, highlighting recent advancements and approaches to mitigate bias and ensure privacy. Achieving privacy and fairness in FL requires careful consideration of specific contexts and requirements, taking into account the latest developments in industry standards and techniques.Comment: Paper report for WASP module

TRADITIONAL DIETARY PATTERN OF INDIAN FOOD AND ITS SCIENTIFIC BASIS: AN OVERVIEW

India is a country where different type of languages, culture & food habits are in use. There is tremendous regional diversity in their daily diets. Indian cuisine reflects a more than 5,000 year history of various groups and cultures interacting with the subcontinent, leading to diversity of flavors and regional cuisines found in modern-day India. Dietary pattern analysis is an emerging area of research. This study demonstrates the importance of elucidating the social and cultural contexts in which dietary behaviors exist, especially when considering contradictory mainstream approaches to health promotion. Most of the food items were developed by keeping the health aspect in mind and some of the foods were directly used as homemade medicine for some specific diseases as they had therapeutic value. The previous generations knew very well the medicinal value of some of the spices or other ingredients and as such made it a point to use that ingredient in some food recipe to add medicinal value in it. This made Indian cuisine rich in a wide variety and taste and also helpful for health. It also provides valuable information to develop qualitative measures for empirical assessment, develop and evaluate targeted interventions

SWINE FLU- THE CHANGING SCENARIO AND PREPAREDNESS WITH FORMULATION OF WIN FLU AIR FRESHENER GEL

Swine flu is an emerging viral infection that is a present global public health problem. There are many thousand cases of swine flu can be seen around the world in the present day. Due to the nature of a respiratory virus, the transmission of this pathogenic virus is airborne transmission. Hence, the rapid spreading and difficulty in control of this infection can be expected. Ayurved believes in Nidan parivarjan and recommends the strengthening of the immunity to prevent disease like swine flu from its attack. There are no any medicines or vaccination are available now a days for prevent from swine flu. Mask is an only available option from avoiding the virus, but sometimes it fails to stop the infection and peoples are unable to wearing mask for all time. So there is a need to develop such a thing which we can carry easily with us and protecting from the infection. Many environment purification techniques (like Homa, Yagya, Dhoopana) have been mentioned in our classical texts. Several scientific studies have validated the clinical efficacy of air freshener against the viral stains. Freshener is a household product that can release the chemicals they contain into the air and inhaled by consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine the ability of herbal essential oil to be formulated as a WIN FLU- air freshener gel with fragrance of citrus oil and binder of peppermint oil. Gel formulation in the study was made from a mixture of herbal essential oil (carom seed, Eucalyptus, Basil, Ginger, Clove), sodium benzoate, peppermint and citrus essential oil in distilled water with a variety of different concentrations of herbal essential oil at 1%, 2% and 3%, then performed an evaluation form hedonic test gel with 30 panelists, evaporation of a liquid test during 4 weeks of storage. The results of this study indicate that the best gel formula is the formula A3 with an herbal essential oil concentration of 3%. Results per cent of total evaporation of liquid air freshener gel formula are respectively 59.12%, 42.32%, 21.22%

Comparison of open reduction internal fixation by lateral extensile approach versus conservative management in sanders type 2 and 3 calcaneum fractures: a prospective, two-arm, parallel group study

Background: Calcaneum bone is the most common tarsal bone to get fractured. It accounts for 50-60% of all fractured tarsal bones. Calcaneum fractures are always debilitating and are challenging and cumbersome to treat. There is a paucity of Indian studies to assess the comparative treatment outcomes of calcaneal fractures treated by non-operative conservative procedure and open reduction internal fixation by lateral extensile approach. Methods: Adult patients with closed intra-articular calcaneum fractures of Sanders type 2 and 3 were enrolled. Patients managed by cast application (non-operative) or open reduction internal fixation (operative) were separated into two groups. The VAS score for pain, range of motion, radiological angles (Bohler’s and Crucial angle of Gissane) and parameters, functional scores American orthopedic foot and ankle society and Maryland foot score were evaluated sixth month and 1-year post-intervention and compared between the study groups. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results: 29 patients managed with open reduction internal fixation (N=15) or cast application (N=14) were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 39.54±7.81 years, 22 being males and 7 females. Mean VAS score was significantly lower in the plating group at sixth month (4.31+0.69 vs. 5.01+0.66, p<0.05) but not significant at 1 year (1.25+1.09 vs. 1.86+0.77, p<0.05). Range of movements at the ankle and subtalar joints were higher in the operative group. Mean Bohler’s angle was significantly higher and Gissane’s angle lower in the operative group (p<0.05). Significantly higher AOFAS and Maryland scores were noted in the operative group (p<0.05). Subtalar arthritis with malunion was more common in the non-operative group. Conclusions: Operative open reduction and internal fixation methods were found to be significantly better than the conservative management of calcaneus fracture based on clinical, radiological and functional outcomes. Results are most favourable    if wound complications are minimized

Clinical Study of Granulomatous Mastitis- A Rare Entity

Introduction: Granulomatous Mastitis (GM), a rare and benign disorder, has two forms- Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) and Specific Granulomatous Mastitis (SGM). IGM is caused without any particular discernable and attributable cause while SGM is caused secondary to tuberculosis, other infectious causes like syphilis, fungal, parasitic infections, corynebacterial; Wegener’s granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, reaction to a foreign body, vasculitis etc. Aim: To identify clinical presentations and to formulate a treatment protocol for patients with granulomatous mastitis. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive observational study conducted at Government Wenlock Hospital and Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Attavar, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, from October 2015 to March 2018 on 32 patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery in the study centre, who had a histopathological diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. All the relevant data of the patients: demographic data and clinical findings, any medical co-morbidities was collected by telephonic interview and case sheets, operative notes were studied thoroughly and the patients were followed up for regression of their signs and symptoms at one month, two months and six months of their hospital visits. Results of microbial cultures or stains, imaging (mammography, ultrasound if done) and biopsy results were collected. All the collected data was analysed by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test and the p-values <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total of 32 female patients (13 patients were in the age group of 31-40 years) were analysed in the present study. A total of 27 (84.4%) had last child birth <5 years back. The patients who presented with a left laterality lesion were 25 (78%) with statistically significant difference. A total of 18 (56%) of the patients had a lesion in the upper outer while 11 (34%) in lower outer quadrant of breast. A total of 29 (90.6 %) of patients, the disease was extending upto the areola region. All the patients had a firm lump and out of these, 25 (78.1%) of the patient presented with a painful lump. Inflammatory skin changes were seen in 20 (62%) of the patients. Retraction of nipple was presented in 26 (81%) of the patients. A total of 19 (59.4%) patients underwent an excision biopsy of the lump and 22 (69%) patients were initiated with Antitubercular Therapy (ATT). Conclusion: Granulomatous mastitis is a highly unpredictable disease with frequent flares and periods of inactivity which may falsely be considered as successful treatment. Due to rare nature of this disease, randomisation of all treatment modalities are availabl

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe