Best teaching strategies and practices of session directors in the Especially For Youth program

Especially for Youth (EFY) is a Brigham Young University Continuing Education program for youths (ages 14–18) that upholds the values and teachings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). During the week-long EFY program, or session, youths received classroom instruction with religious emphasis from EFY faculty. A subgroup of the EFY faculty include session directors, invited by EFY staff to supervise an EFY session. Recognized by the EFY program as high-quality teachers, session directors help reach the program’s objectives by teaching youths and supporting EFY faculty and other staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching strategies and practices employed by the session directors, as well as to examine challenges faced, measures of success, and the overall recommendations made for the implementation of exemplary teaching practices in the EFY program. This qualitative research study employed a phenomenological methodological approach to examine the current teaching strategies and practices of EFY session directors. Fifteen semi-structured interviews with the session directors were conducted, both face-to-face and via video conference. Key findings of the study yielded 30 themes and 53 subthemes

Medicaid Expansion and Diagnosis-Targeted Cost Shifting Behavior: The Case of Diabetic Treatment and Insulin Pricing

Nine years after passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and five years after the Medicaid expansion roll-out, the debate and cost-benefit analysis on U.S. health reform rages on. While many impacts of the ACA remain unmeasured or inconclusive due to mixed research claims and the complexities inherent to healthcare, widespread research interest on the effects of Medicaid expansion have led to some early findings regarding cost, access and quality

Nutrition, diet and immunosenescence

Ageing is characterized by immunosenescence and the progressive decline in immunity in association with an increased frequency of infections and chronic disease. This complex process affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems with a progressive decline in most immune cell populations and defects in activation resulting in loss of function. Although host genetics and environmental factors, such as stress, exercise and diet can impact on the onset or course of immunosenescence, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. This review focusses on identifying the most significant aspects of immunosenescence and on the evidence that nutritional intervention might delay this process, and consequently improve the quality of life of the elderly

Calorie Restriction Attenuates Terminal Differentiation of Immune Cells

Immune senescence is a natural consequence of aging and may contribute to frailty and loss of homeostasis in later life. Calorie restriction increases healthy life-span in C57BL/6J (but not DBA/2J) mice, but whether this is related to preservation of immune function, and how it interacts with aging, is unclear. We compared phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, across the lifespan, of calorie-restricted (CR) and control C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Calorie restriction preserves a naïve T cell phenotype and an immature NK cell phenotype as mice age. The splenic T cell populations of CR mice had higher proportions of CD11a-CD44lo cells, lower expression of TRAIL, KLRG1, and CXCR3, and higher expression of CD127, compared to control mice. Similarly, splenic NK cells from CR mice had higher proportions of less differentiated CD11b-CD27+ cells and correspondingly lower proportions of highly differentiated CD11b+CD27-NK cells. Within each of these subsets, cells from CR mice had higher expression of CD127, CD25, TRAIL, NKG2A/C/E, and CXCR3 and lower expression of KLRG1 and Ly49 receptors compared to controls. The effects of calorie restriction on lymphoid cell populations in lung, liver, and lymph nodes were identical to those seen in the spleen, indicating that this is a system-wide effect. The impact of calorie restriction on NK cell and T cell maturation is much more profound than the effect of aging and, indeed, calorie restriction attenuates these age-associated changes. Importantly, the effects of calorie restriction on lymphocyte maturation were more marked in C57BL/6 than in DBA/2J mice indicating that delayed lymphocyte maturation correlates with extended lifespan. These findings have implications for understanding the interaction between nutritional status, immunity, and healthy lifespan in aging populations

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The Eyes of Argus. The Point of View and Points of View with Respect to Kierkegaard's "Activity as an Author"

The Eyes of Argus. The Point of View and Points of View with Respect to Kierkegaard’s"Activity as an Author

Causes of the Mormon Boycott Against Gentile Merchants in 1866 and 1868

In the 1850s and 1860s Gentiles monopolized the mercantile profession in Salt Lake valley. Conflict arose between the Mormons and anti-Mormon merchants for essentially five reasons: Mormon Church leaders believed merchants charged exorbitant prices, encouraged the coming of Johnston\u27s army, falsely accused them for the assassination of two Salt Lake City Gentiles, supported Gentiles who were jumping Mormon land claims, and supported an adamantly anti-Mormon newspaper. Church leaders maintained that the motive behind these actions was essentially the destruction of their church; therefore, they levied a boycott against the anti-Mormon merchants in 1866.Because Church leaders felt the coming of the railroad would bring more Gentiles to Utah to fight against the Saints and because the merchants persisted in supporting an anti-Mormon press, Church leaders expanded the boycott in 1868 to include all Gentile merchants.The boycott was effective until Mormon patriotic support for the boycott wained and Gentile prices dropped. The boycott was officially lifted in 1882