176 research outputs found
Iron therapy in nutritional anaemia of infants
1. In the group of children studied, who were
between the ages of three months and two years,
the haemoglobin level ranged from 25 per cent.
to 83 per cent. and the predominant figure or
mode was 70 per cent. of the 'normal' adult
value.The term anaemia is applied to children
with haemoglobin below 60 per cent.2. Treatment with iron salts for 2 m 3 months
of a group of twenty children with haemoglobin
levels of 72 per cent. or less resulted in
raising the mode to 78 per cent. Iron therapy
therefore, raised the haemoglobin level not
only in children suffering from definite anaemia
but also in those with a haemoglobin level
only slightly below the average.3. The number of children with haemoglobin
levels of 72 per cent. or less was 39 7and 77
per cent. of these responded to treatment with
iron salts.4. The full beneficial action of iron salts
in nutritional anaemia of infants was only
produced after six weeks to three months.5, Infections interrupt or delay the cure of
nutritional anaemia with iron salts.6. The following doses of iron were effective:-COMPOUND || DAILY DOSE of COMPOUND || DAILY DOSE
of IRONFerr.et Amm.Cit. || grs. 4.5-9 || 58-116 mgms.Ferrous Chloride || grs. 1.5 || 43 mgms.Ferrous Ammon. Sulphate. || grs. 3 || 28 mgms.7. The average latent period with ferrous
ammonium sulphate was one week while with
ferrous chloride and Iron and ammonium citrate
it was 2 - 4 weeks.8. These facts show that ferrous salts
are more effective than Iron and ammonium citrate in the treatment of nutritional anaemia.9. In cases treated successfully with iron
salts, from 2.5 to 11 per cent. of the iron
given was utilised for the production of
haemoglobin.10. In a group of 33 children with haemoglobin
levels of 70 per cent. or less, iron therapy
caused: - (a) an increase in the rate of gain in
weight, in 53 per cent, and
(b) a rise in the haemoglobin level in
81 Per cent. of this group of cases.11. Since iron therapy raised the weight as
well as the haemoglobin in so many cases, it
appears that in the majority of children
studied, there was a deficiency in the iron
supply sufficient to retard growth.12. It appears that the true 'normal' haemoglobin for infants between three months and
two years is certainly above 70 per cent and
is probably nearer 80 per cent
Absorbing-state phase transitions: exact solutions of small systems
I derive precise results for absorbing-state phase transitions using exact
(numerically determined) quasistationary probability distributions for small
systems. Analysis of the contact process on rings of 23 or fewer sites yields
critical properties (control parameter, order-parameter ratios, and critical
exponents z and beta/nu_perp) with an accuracy of better than 0.1%; for the
exponent nu_perp the accuracy is about 0.5%. Good results are also obtained for
the pair contact process
Generation of 3 spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines LUMCi002-A, B, and C and 2 unaffected sibling control induced pluripotent stem cell lines LUMCi003-A and B
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 8 of the ATXN1 gene. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a SCA1 patient and his non-affected sister by using non-integrating Sendai Viruses (SeV). The resulting hiPSCs are SeVfree, express pluripotency markers, display a normal karyotype, retain the mutation (length of the CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN1 gene) and are able to differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro
Review article: A European perspective on wind and storm damage – from the meteorological background to index-based approaches to assess impacts
Wind and windstorms cause severe damage to natural and human-made environments. Thus, wind-related risk assessment is vital for the preparation and mitigation of calamities. However, the cascade of events leading to damage depends on many factors that are environment-specific and the available methods to address wind-related damage often require sophisticated analysis and specialization. Fortunately, simple indices and thresholds are as effective as complex mechanistic models for many applications. Nonetheless, the multitude of indices and thresholds available requires a careful selection process according to the target sector. Here, we first provide a basic background on wind and storm formation and characteristics, followed by a comprehensive collection of both indices and thresholds that can be used to predict the occurrence and magnitude of wind and storm damage. We focused on five key sectors: forests, urban areas, transport, agriculture and wind-based energy production. For each sector we described indices and thresholds relating to physical properties such as topography and land cover but also to economic aspects (e.g. disruptions in transportation or energy production). In the face of increased climatic variability, the promotion of more effective analysis of wind and storm damage could reduce the impact on society and the environment
Numerical Study of a Field Theory for Directed Percolation
A numerical method is devised for study of stochastic partial differential
equations describing directed percolation, the contact process, and other
models with a continuous transition to an absorbing state. Owing to the
heightened sensitivity to fluctuationsattending multiplicative noise in the
vicinity of an absorbing state, a useful method requires discretization of the
field variable as well as of space and time. When applied to the field theory
for directed percolation in 1+1 dimensions, the method yields critical
exponents which compare well against accepted values.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures available upon request LC-CM-94-00
Sonogashira/N-acyliminium ion aromatic π-cyclisation processes: access to tetra- and pentacyclic lactams
A Facile Palladium Catalysed 3-Component Cascade Route to Functionalised Isoquinolinones and Isoquinolines
Palladium catalysed three component cascade process, involving coupling of 2-iodobenzoates, -benzaldehydes, or acetophenones with substituted allenes and ammonium tartrate as an ammonium surrogate, provides a novel and facile route to substituted functionalised isoquinolinones and isoquinolines in good yields
Bioenergetics in fibroblasts of patients with Huntington disease are associated with age at onset
Objective We aimed to assess whether differences in energy metabolism in fibroblast cell lines derived from patients with Huntington disease were associated with age at onset independent of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat number in the mutant allele. Methods For this study, we selected 9 pairs of patients with Huntington disease matched for mutant CAG repeat size and sex, but with a difference of at least 10 years in age at onset, using the Leiden Huntington disease database. From skin biopsies, we isolated fibroblasts in which we (1) quantified the ATP concentration before and after a hydrogen-peroxide challenge and (2) measured mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in real time, using the Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer XF24. Results The ATP concentration in fibroblasts was significantly lower in patients with Huntington disease with an earlier age at onset, independent of calendar age and disease duration. Maximal respiration, spare capacity, and respiration dependent on complex II activity, and indices of mitochondrial respiration were significantly lower in patients with Huntington disease with an earlier age at onset, again independent of calendar age and disease duration. Conclusions A less efficient bioenergetics profile was found in fibroblast cells from patients with Huntington disease with an earlier age at onset independent of mutant CAG repeat size. Thus, differences in bioenergetics could explain part of the residual variation in age at onset in Huntington disease
Abundant Quantitative Trait Loci Exist for DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Human Brain
A fundamental challenge in the post-genome era is to understand and annotate the consequences of genetic variation, particularly within the context of human tissues. We present a set of integrated experiments that investigate the effects of common genetic variability on DNA methylation and mRNA expression in four human brain regions each from 150 individuals (600 samples total). We find an abundance of genetic cis regulation of mRNA expression and show for the first time abundant quantitative trait loci for DNA CpG methylation across the genome. We show peak enrichment for cis expression QTLs to be approximately 68,000 bp away from individual transcription start sites; however, the peak enrichment for cis CpG methylation QTLs is located much closer, only 45 bp from the CpG site in question. We observe that the largest magnitude quantitative trait loci occur across distinct brain tissues. Our analyses reveal that CpG methylation quantitative trait loci are more likely to occur for CpG sites outside of islands. Lastly, we show that while we can observe individual QTLs that appear to affect both the level of a transcript and a physically close CpG methylation site, these are quite rare. We believe these data, which we have made publicly available, will provide a critical step toward understanding the biological effects of genetic variation
- …