1,029 research outputs found
Diagnosis of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in a dog using CD30 immunohistochemistry
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma or null-cell lymphoma is a clinical entity reported in people, classified according to the unique appearance of large pleomorphic cells that express CD30. Null-cell lymphoma has also been described in dogs when neither CD3 nor CD79α is expressed by the tumor. We describe a case of lymphoma in the dog in which neoplastic cells did not express routine B- or T-lymphocyte markers on flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry; however, cells immunohistochemically labeled for CD30. The dog in our case died 5 mo after initial presentation, confirming a poor prognosis. Identification of further similar cases in dogs would provide additional prognostic information for this subset of lymphomas. CD30 may also serve as a potential therapeutic target in anaplastic large-cell lymphomas
Conformity and controversies in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up evaluation of canine nodal lymphoma: a systematic review of the last 15 years of published literature
Diagnostic methods used in the initial and post-treatment evaluation of canine lymphoma are heterogeneous and can vary within countries and institutions. Accurate reporting of clinical stage and response assessment is crucial in determining the treatment efficacy and predicting prognosis. This study comprises a systematic review of all available canine multicentric lymphoma studies published over 15 years. Data concerning diagnosis, clinical stage evaluation and response assessment procedures were extracted and compared. Sixty-three studies met the eligibility criteria. Fifty-five (87.3%) studies were non-randomized prospective or retrospective studies. The survey results also expose variations in diagnostic criteria and treatment response assessment in canine multicentric lymphoma. Variations in staging procedures performed and recorded led to an unquantifiable heterogeneity among patients in and between studies, making it difficult to compare treatment efficacies. Awareness of this inconsistency of procedure and reporting may help in the design of future clinical trials
Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty, as a salvage procedure, following failed internal fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
AIMS: The optimal management of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in independently mobile patients remains open to debate. Successful fixation obviates the limitations of arthroplasty for this group of patients. However, with fixation failure rates as high as 30%, the outcome of revision surgery to salvage total hip arthroplasty (THA) must be considered. We carried out a systematic review to compare the outcomes of salvage THA and primary THA for intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) compliant systematic review, using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane libraries databases. A meta-analysis was performed where possible, and a narrative synthesis when a meta-analysis was not possible. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed a significantly increased risk of complications including deep infection, early dislocation and peri-prosthetic fracture with salvage THA when compared with primary THA for an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck (overall risk ratio of 3.15). Functional outcomes assessment using EuroQoL (EQ)-5D were not significantly different (p = 0.3). CONCLUSION: Salvage THA carries a significantly higher risk of complications than primary THA for intracapsular fractured neck of femur. Current literature is still lacking well designed studies to provide a full answer to the question. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Salvage THA is associated with more complications than primary THA for intracapsular neck of femur fractures
On the glueball spectrum in O(a)-improved lattice QCD
We calculate the light `glueball' mass spectrum in N_f=2 lattice QCD using a
fermion action that is non-perturbatively O(a) improved. We work at lattice
spacings a ~0.1 fm and with quark masses that range down to about half the
strange quark mass. We find the statistical errors to be moderate and under
control on relatively small ensembles. We compare our mass spectrum to that of
quenched QCD at the same value of a. Whilst the tensor mass is the same (within
errors), the scalar mass is significantly smaller in the dynamical lattice
theory, by a factor of ~(0.84 +/- 0.03). We discuss what the observed m_q
dependence of this suppression tells us about the dynamics of glueballs in QCD.
We also calculate the masses of flux tubes that wind around the spatial torus,
and extract the string tension from these. As we decrease the quark mass we see
a small but growing vacuum expectation value for the corresponding flux tube
operators. This provides clear evidence for `string breaking' and for the
(expected) breaking of the associated gauge centre symmetry by sea quarks.Comment: 33pp LaTeX. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Literature
Literature has been proposed as a means to enrich an understanding of ethical issues within medicine and health care and as a resource in medical education. Its proponents argue for the value of understanding human suffering, and the experience of health care, through literature, rather than solely through the more abstract and analytic philosophical methods of bioethics. Literature is claimed to serve as a corrective to the rational and individualist approaches of bioethics, by drawing attention to âour vulnerable and interdependent human existence.â In this essay the history of a relationship between ethics and literature is discussed, along with more recent scholarship on the ethical relevance of literature, and research focusing on the constitution of ethics as literary form. It is apparent that literature, and especially futurist writing and science fiction, has an influence on the construction and understanding of ethical issues for both specialist practitioners and the lay public. It is concluded that literature enhances understanding of ethical issues in health care and research, and the manner in which it does so needs to be better understood through the skills of literary analysis as a necessary complement to bioethical analysis
Low Velocity Ionized Winds from Regions Around Young O Stars
We have observed seven ultracompact HII regions in hydrogen recombination
lines in the millimeter band. Toward four of these regions, there is a high
velocity (full width to half maximum 60-80 km/s) component in the line
profiles. The high velocity gas accounts for 35-70% of the emission measure
within the beam. We compare these objects to an additional seven similar
sources we have found in the literature. The broad recombination line objects
(BRLOs) make up about 30% of all sources in complexes containing ultracompact
HII regions. Comparison of spectral line and continuum data implies that the
BRLOs coincide with sources with rising spectral indices, >=0.4 up to 100 GHz.
Both the number of BRLOs and their frequency of occurrence within HII region
complexes, when coupled with their small size and large internal motions, mean
that the apparent contradiction between the dynamical and population lifetimes
for BRLOs is even more severe than for ultracompact HII regions. We evaluate a
number of models for the origin of the broad recombination line emission. The
lifetime, morphology, and rising spectral index of the sources argue for photo-
evaporated disks as the cause for BRLOs. Existing models for such regions,
however, do not account for the large amounts of gas observed at supersonic
velocities.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figure
The language of intervention: A review of concepts and terminology in wetland ecosystem repair
As programmes and projects aimed at addressing wetland degradation gain momentum in South Africa, it is critical that related ideas are communicated among and between researchers, practitioners, management agencies, land-owners and the general public in a common language. This paper explores the meaning of ârestorationâ and ârehabilitationâ; terms that we suggest are key to understanding and advancing South Africaâs efforts to address wetland degradation. In its essence, the paper is a critical review of wetland ecosystem repair concepts and terminology from local and international literature. The major products of the paper are proposed definitions of the terms ârestorationâ and ârehabilitationâ in a South African wetland science and management context. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, we argue that their absolute distinction will allow scientists and practitioners to better understand what it is that ecosystem repair interventions aim to achieve. We suggest that the terms be distinguished on the basis of what could be considered their respective ecological starting points, where ârestorationâ applies to part of a system or a system in its entirety that has been completely and permanently, but not irreparably altered, and essentially removed from the landscape, and ârehabilitationâ applies to part of a system or a system in its entirety that has not been removed from the landscape through complete and permanent alteration, but is in a degraded state. Thus, âwetland restorationâ is defined as the process of reinstating natural ecological driving forces within part or the whole of a completely and permanently altered wetland to recover former or desired ecosystem structure, function, biotic composition and ecosystem services, while âwetland rehabilitationâ is defined as the process of reinstating natural ecological driving forces within part or the whole of a degraded wetland to recover former or desired ecosystem structure, function, biotic composition and ecosystem services
Lattice QCD at the physical point: Simulation and analysis details
We give details of our precise determination of the light quark masses
m_{ud}=(m_u+m_d)/2 and m_s in 2+1 flavor QCD, with simulated pion masses down
to 120 MeV, at five lattice spacings, and in large volumes. The details concern
the action and algorithm employed, the HMC force with HEX smeared clover
fermions, the choice of the scale setting procedure and of the input masses.
After an overview of the simulation parameters, extensive checks of algorithmic
stability, autocorrelation and (practical) ergodicity are reported. To
corroborate the good scaling properties of our action, explicit tests of the
scaling of hadron masses in N_f=3 QCD are carried out. Details of how we
control finite volume effects through dedicated finite volume scaling runs are
reported. To check consistency with SU(2) Chiral Perturbation Theory the
behavior of M_\pi^2/m_{ud} and F_\pi as a function of m_{ud} is investigated.
Details of how we use the RI/MOM procedure with a separate continuum limit of
the running of the scalar density R_S(\mu,\mu') are given. This procedure is
shown to reproduce the known value of r_0m_s in quenched QCD. Input from
dispersion theory is used to split our value of m_{ud} into separate values of
m_u and m_d. Finally, our procedure to quantify both systematic and statistical
uncertainties is discussed.Comment: 45 page
Quenched QCD with O(a) improvement: I. The spectrum of light hadrons
We present a comprehensive study of the masses of pseudoscalar and vector
mesons, as well as octet and decuplet baryons computed in O(a) improved
quenched lattice QCD. Results have been obtained using the non-perturbative
definition of the improvement coefficient c_sw, and also its estimate in
tadpole improved perturbation theory. We investigate effects of improvement on
the incidence of exceptional configurations, mass splittings and the parameter
J. By combining the results obtained using non-perturbative and tadpole
improvement in a simultaneous continuum extrapolation we can compare our
spectral data to experiment. We confirm earlier findings by the CP-PACS
Collaboration that the quenched light hadron spectrum agrees with experiment at
the 10% level.Comment: 36 pages, 7 postscript figures, REVTEX; typo in Table XVIII
corrected; extended discussion of finite-size effects in sections III and
VII; version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Effects of non-perturbatively improved dynamical fermions in QCD at fixed lattice spacing
We present results for the static inter-quark potential, lightest glueballs,
light hadron spectrum and topological susceptibility using a non-perturbatively
improved action on a lattice at a set of values of the bare
gauge coupling and bare dynamical quark mass chosen to keep the lattice size
fixed in physical units ( fm). By comparing these measurements with a
matched quenched ensemble, we study the effects due to two degenerate flavours
of dynamical quarks. With the greater control over residual lattice spacing
effects which these methods afford, we find some evidence of charge screening
and some minor effects on the light hadron spectrum over the range of quark
masses studied (). More substantial differences between
quenched and unquenched simulations are observed in measurements of topological
quantities.Comment: 53 pages, LaTeX/RevTeX, 16 eps figures; corrected clover action
expression and various typos, no results change
- âŠ