Toxicity of fine and quasi-ultrafine particles: focus on the effects of extractable and non-extractable matter fractions

Air pollution represents today one of the major risk factors for human health. An important part of this threat is due to the presence in the atmosphere of fine particulate matter (PM$_{2.5}$). PM$_{2.5}$ forms a heterogeneous mixture of inorganic pollutants (metals, ions…), organic pollutants (volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs)…), and biological contaminants (pollen, bacteria, fungi…). To date many studies have demonstrated the toxicity of PAHs and some metals, but so far, no study has been able to clearly attribute the toxicological effects observed to a class of pollutants. Therefore, this study aims to determine the physicochemical characteristics of PM$_{2.5-0.3}$ and PM$_{0,3}$ and to compare the toxicity of native PM$_{2.5-0.3}$, organic fractions of fine (EOM$_{2.5-0.3}$) and quasi ultrafine particles (OEM$_{0.3}$), and PM$_{2.5-0.3}$ freed from this organic fraction (dPM$_{2.5-0.3}$) on BEAS-2B cells in culture. Fine and quasi-ultrafine particles were sampled in the southern suburb of Beirut, Lebanon. Chemical characterization showed that quasi-ultrafine particles were about 40 times more concentrated in PAHs than fines one suggesting a significant influence of anthropogenic activities and combustion sources (industries, road traffic and electric generators) on the emission of quasi-ultrafine particles. The influence of combustion sources was confirmed by investigation of PAHs diagnostic ratios. In addition, BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM$_{2.5-0.3}$, dPM$_{2.5-0.3}$, EOM$_{2.5-0.3}$ and EOM$_{0.3}$ lead to different results concerning metabolic activation of PAHs pathway and proteins expression of biomarkers implicated in the pathway of genotoxicity. Globally, EOM$_{0.3}$ was the most inducer for phase I and phase II enzymes implicated in the metabolic activation of PAHs (AhR, AhRR, ARNT, Cyp1A1, Cyp1B1, EPHX-1, GSTA-4) and EOM$_{0.3}$ induced DNA damage, felt by ATR and followed by a cascade of protein phosphorylations contributing to the cell cycle arrest (P21 and P53 induction)

ROLE POTENTIEL DU FER (FE2+, FE3+) DANS LA TOXICITE PULMONAIRE D'UNE EXPOSITION CONCOMITANTE AUX OXYDES DE FER (WUSTITE, HEMATITE) ET AU BENZO(A)PYRENE CHEZ LE RAT SPRAGUE DAWLEY (DOCTORAT (TOXICOLOGIE))

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les risques liés à l'usage d'un médicament banalisé (exemple du paracétamol)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Exposition professionnelle aux pesticides des travailleurs agricoles

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Scaling and anisotropic heterogeneities of ocean SST images from satellite data

International audienceOceanic fields display a large variability over large temporal and spatial scales. One way to characterize such variability, borrowed from the field of turbulence, is to consider scaling regimes and multi-scaling properties

Multi-scale coastal surface temperature in the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel

International audienceThe Bay of Biscay and the English Channel, in the Northeastern Atlantic, are considered as a natural laboratory to explore the coastal dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. In those regions, the coastal circulation is constrained by a complex topography (e.g. varying width of the continental shelf, canyons), river runoffs, strong tides and a seasonally contrasted wind-driven circulation. Based on different numerical model experiments (from 400m to 4km spatial resolution, from 40 to 100 sigma vertical layers using 3D primitive equation ocean models), different features of the Bay of Biscay and English Channel circulation are assessed and explored. Both spatial (submesoscale and mesoscale) and temporal (from hourly to monthly) scales are considered. Modelled spatial scales, with a specific focus on the variability of fine scale features (e.g. fronts, filaments, eddies), are compared with remotely sensed observations (i.e. Sea Surface Temperature). Different methodologies as singularity and Lyapunov exponents allow describing fine scales features and are applied on both modelled and observed datasets. For temporal scales, in situ high frequency surface temperature measurements from coastal moorings (from COAST-HF observing network) provide a reference for the temporal variability to be modelled. Exploring differences in the temporal scales (from an Empirical Mode Decomposition) advises on the efficiency of our coastal modelling approach. This result overview in the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel aims illustrating the input of coastal modelling activities in understanding multi-scale interactions (spatial and temporal)

Impact of MICA and NKG2D polymorphisms in HLA-fully matched related and unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

International audienc

Sequential conditioning in unfavorable AML: a single center experience

44th Annual Meeting of the European-Society-for-Blood-and-Marrow-Transplantation (EBMT), Lisbon, PORTUGAL, MAR 18-21, 2018International audienc

Panel of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in als: a pilot study

International audiencePathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) include oxidative stress and inflammation. We conducted a preliminary study to explore these mechanisms, to discuss their link in ALS, and to determine the feasibility of incorporating this combined analysis into current biomarkers research.METHODS: We enrolled 10 ALS patients and 10 controls. We measured the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD), and the levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and glutathione status (e.g. glutathione disulfide, GSSG/reduced glutathione, GSH). We analysed the concentrations of homocysteine, several cytokines, vitamins and metals by standard methods used in routine practice.RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in TAS levels (p=0.027) and increase in 8-OHdG (p=0.014) and MDA (p=0.011) levels in ALS patients. We also observed a significantly higher GSSG/GSH ratio (p=0.022), and IL-6 (p=0.0079) and IL-8 (p=0.009) concentrations in ALS patients. Correlations were found between biological and clinical markers (homosysteine vs. clinical status at diagnosis, p=0.02) and between some biological markers such as IL-6 vs. GSSG/GSH (p=0.045) or SOD activity (p=0.017).CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the systemic alteration of both the redox and the inflammation status in ALS patients, and we observed a link with some clinical parameters. These promising results encourage us to pursue this study with collection of combined oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.Détermination d’un panel de biomarqueurs du stress oxydant et de l’inflammation dans la SLA: une étude pilote.Contexte: Parmi les mécanismes impliqués dans la physiopathologie de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique (SLA), on note un stress oxydant et des mécanismes inflammatoires. Nous avons ainsi mené une étude préliminaire afin de 1) d’explorer ces mécanismes, 2) de discuter leur lien dans la SLA, 3) de déterminer la faisabilité d’une telle analyse combinée pour une utilisation courante en recherche de biomarqueurs. Méthodes: Nous avons inclus prospectivement 10 patients SLA et 10 contrôles. Nous avons mesuré l’activité des enzymes suivantes : glutathion peroxydase, glutathion réductase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD), et les concentrations sériques des paramètres suivants : statut antioxydant total (SAT), malondialdéhyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2’-déoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), et le statut en glutathion (e.g. glutathione oxydé, GSSG/glutathione réduit, GSH). Nous avons analysé les concentrations d’homocystéine, de plusieurs cytokines, de vitamines et de différents métaux par des méthodes validées en routine. Résultats: Nous avons montré une diminution significative du SAT (p=0.027) et une augmentation de la 8-OHdG (p=0.014) ainsi que du MDA (p=0.011) chez les patients SLA. Nous avons observé une augmentation du rapport GSSG/GSH (p=0.022), ainsi que des concentrations d’IL-6 (p=0.0079) et d’IL-8 (p=0.009) chez les patients SLA. Des corrélations ont été observées entre certains marqueurs biologiques et cliniques (homosysteine vs sévérité de la pathologie au diagnostic, p=0.02) mais également entre les marqueurs biologiques entre eux tels que l’IL-6 vs GSSG/GSH (p=0.045) ou vs l’activité de la SOD (p=0.017). Conclusion: Nous avons confirmé l’altération du statut redox et la composante inflammatoire importante dans la SLA, en dehors du SNC. Nous avons également observé un lien entre certains paramètres cliniques et biologiques, ce qui nous incite à poursuivre cette étude en analysant la combinaison de ces marqueurs de stress oxydant et d’inflammation