La incontinencia urinaria

Urinary incontinence, understood as any involuntary loss of urine, constitutes an important medical and social problem. It can be classified as stress urinary incontinence, urgent urinary incontinence or mixed urinary incontinence. The proportions of these three types of urinary incontinence are difficult to establish and vary notably between sources, but they might be about 40, 33 and 20% respectively. Its diagnosis requires a correct clinical history and physical exploration, together with some complementary explorations. The first therapeutic step consists of hygienicdietary measures and behaviour modification techniques. Pharmacological treatment is specific for each type of urinary incontinence, using anticholinergics and inhibitors of serotonin reuptake. Finally, different surgical techniques have a role in cases where conservative treatments fail or when dealing with severe urinary incontinence

Finanzas^aAnálisis financiero aplicado a la empresa ADA,S.A. durante el periodo comparativo 2013-2014

El presente trabajo de seminario profundizara en estudios, en inversiones, y finanzas corporativas que son actividades que investigan la obtención del capital necesario para la toma de decisiones en transacciones y administración; para esto se estarán revisando los Estados Financieros los cuales son informes calificados de presentación de las actividades comerciales de una empresa. Para analizar los estados financieros se necesitan razones financieras las cuales son eficientes herramientas de análisis en una empresa, pero estas a su vez tienen serias limitaciones es por eso que se necesitan de otros métodos analíticos y comparativos como son: análisis estático o vertical que se utiliza para comparar qué porcentaje representan las cuentas más importantes del activo, pasivo y del estado de pérdidas y ganancias con relación a sus respectivos totales; y el análisis horizontal o dinámico que consiste en comparar estados financieros homogéneos en dos o más periodos consecutivos, para determinar los aumentos y disminuciones o variaciones de las cuentas de un periodo a otro. Estas herramientas financieras arrojaron resultados que alcanzaron ver la situación en que la empresa ha operado y mostrar cómo se encuentra financieramente en los periodos 2013 y 2014 a la empresa ADA S.A, la cual la metodología consistió en analizar la situación financiera de esta entidad comercial. Al realizar este estudio utilizamos fuentes muy importantes de información, tomando como base teórica el libro “Principios de Administración” de Lawrence J. Gitman, para comprobar lo esencial que tienen las finanzas en la economía de las organizaciones

Citrus psorosis virus movement protein contains an aspartic protease required for autocleavage and the formation of tubule-like structures at plasmodesmata

Plant virus cell-to-cell movement is an essential step in viral infections. This process is facilitated by specific virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which manipulate the cell wall channels between neighboring cells known as plasmodesmata (PD). Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) infection in sweet orange involves the formation of tubule-like structures within PD, suggesting that CPsV belongs to "tubuleforming" viruses that encode MPs able to assemble a hollow tubule extending between cells to allow virus movement. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that the MP of CPsV (MPCPsV) indeed forms tubule-like structures at PD upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Tubule formation by MPCPsV depends on its cleavage capacity, mediated by a specific aspartic protease motif present in its primary sequence. A single amino acid mutation in this motif abolishes MPCPsV cleavage, alters the subcellular localization of the protein, and negatively affects its activity in facilitating virus movement. The amino-terminal 34-kDa cleavage product (34KCPsV), but not the 20-kDa fragment (20KCPsV), supports virus movement. Moreover, similar to tubule-forming MPs of other viruses, MPCPsV (and also the 34KCPsV cleavage product) can homooligomerize, interact with PD-located protein 1 (PDLP1), and assemble tubule-like structures at PD by a mechanism dependent on the secretory pathway. 20KCPsV retains the protease activity and is able to cleave a cleavage-deficient MPCPsV in trans. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CPsV movement depends on the autolytic cleavage of MPCPsV by an aspartic protease activity, which removes the 20KCPsV protease and thereby releases the 34KCPsV protein for PDLP1-dependent tubule formation at PD. IMPORTANCE Infection by citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) involves a self-cleaving aspartic protease activity within the viral movement protein (MP), which results in the production of two peptides, termed 34KCPsV and 20KCPsV, that carry the MP and viral protease activities, respectively. The underlying protease motif within the MP is also found in the MPs of other members of the Aspiviridae family, suggesting that protease-mediated protein processing represents a conserved mechanism of protein expression in this virus family. The results also demonstrate that CPsV and potentially other ophioviruses move by a tubule-guided mechanism. Although several viruses from different genera were shown to use this mechanism for cell-to-cell movement, our results also demonstrate that this mechanism is controlled by posttranslational protein cleavage. Moreover, given that tubule formation and virus movement could be inhibited by a mutation in the protease motif, targeting the protease activity for inactivation could represent an important approach for ophiovirus control.Fil: Robles Luna, Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Peña, Eduardo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Borniego, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Heinlein, Manfred. Université de Strasbourg; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Garcia, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Constraints in language education during the pandemic in junior high school

The pandemic has prevented language learners worldwide from getting the right education. English is just one of those subjects in which this has been remarkably significant due to the lack of classroom interaction and the reduced amount of input students have received. The current study explores 14 EFL teachers? reflections on the main challenges they have been facing. Their responses were given in an open-ended survey. The Content Analysis carry out aimed at identifying the main constraints primary and secondary EFL teachers have faced while teaching during the first months of the pandemic. It also addresses the possible solutions they have used to address the input scarcity due to the current situation. The paper stresses that it is clear the role that input and strategies have in language learning. The paper concludes that the gap in learning may require additional teaching support in the incoming years

Diseño e implementación de un sistema de segmentación de los juegos de casinos de acuerdo con su nivel de actividad

El sector al cual apunta nuestro proyecto es el sector de la industria del Juego, específicamente en el sistema de las máquinas tragamonedas, las cuales bajo la perspectiva de un modelo de minería de datos permita a los administradores obtener conclusiones a fin de aplicarlas en su modelo de negocios. Específicamente tratamos el negocio de la empresa Interecuador S.A. dedicada al negocio de explotación de máquinas tragamonedas en calle, en locales y en salas de juego y casinos. El negocio posee diversos productos que pueden ser catalogados bajo dos grandes categorías: Mesas y máquinas. Dentro de mesas abarca todos los juegos de azar basados en cartas que tienen la intervención humana, este tipo de productos es exclusivo de casinos. Dentro de máquinas existen múltiples variedades de marcas, modelos y juegos los cuales se utilizan tanto en el negocio de calle, locales, casinos y salas de juego. Dadas las diversas características de los mismos es necesaria la implementación de un método que nos permita explorar los datos y encontrar la mejor combinación de características de determinada máquina de manera que su implementación en determinado local basado en la estadística me garantice la mejor producción de la misma

Information System for Supporting Location-based Routing Protocols

This article presents an information system for location-based routing protocols that does not compromise the privacy of the involved nodes. This information system provides a representational model of the most frequented locations of a node, this most frequented zone is called its habitat, and a protocol to compare these habitats among nodes given a target location of interest. Then, the protocol can determine which of the neighbors of a node is nearer or farther from this target location and provides this information to the underlying routing protocol. As it is designed for DTNs, the protocol does not require a trusted third party, instead, it implements a secure multi-party computation based on homomorphic encryption. The protocol is demonstrated to be secure against passive and active adversaries.This work was partly supported by grant TIN2010-15764 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain and by grant 2014SGR-691 from Generalitat de Catalunya

Freeze-thaw durability of recycled concrete from construction and demolition wastes

Road engineering is one of the most accepted applications for concrete including recycled aggregates from construction and demolition wastes as a partial replacement of the natural coarse aggregates. Amongst the durability concerns of such application, the deterioration due to freeze-thaw cycles is one of the most important causes decreasing the life span of concrete in countries with a continental climate. Moreover, the use of de-icing salts, which is a common practice to prevent ice formation on roadways and walkways, increases the superficial degradation of concrete due to frost-salt scaling. Thus, this paper aims to assess the resistance to frost salt with de-icing salts of two recycled concrete mixtures containing a 50% replacement of the conventional gravel by recycled aggregates both of mixed and ceramic nature, i.e. containing ceramic percentages of 34% and 100%, in comparison to a conventional concrete made with siliceous gravel. Therefore, the surface scaling was evaluated based on EN 1339 (2004) on 28 days cured cylinders, exposed to 7, 14, 21 and 28 freeze-thaw cycles in the presence of sodium chloride solution. Given that no airentraining admixture was used in any of the mixtures, the scaling of both conventional and recycled concretes exceeded the 1 kg/m2 limit established by the European standard. Nonetheless, for the casting surface, the recycled concrete with low ceramic content exhibited a similar behaviour to the conventional concrete, whereas the performance of the recycled concrete with high ceramic content was better. However, as expected, trowelled surfaces showed a worse performance and both recycled concretes had a lower freeze-thaw durability than the conventional mixture. In any case, the results suggested that the composition of the recycled aggregates could be used as a factor to limit the differences in performance between recycled and conventional mixtures

Essays in household finance

This thesis consists of three essays on household finance and banking. The first chapter examines the role of brokers in the UK mortgage market. Mortgage brokers operate as intermediaries between households and lenders, acting as expert advisors for consumers and as distributors for mortgage providers. Using loan-level data from the universe of UK mortgage originations, I study the interactions between households, brokers and lenders. I find that, in this market, brokers often charge fees to households, while at the same time receiving commission payments from lenders for the sale of their products. The data suggest that these commissions can distort brokers' advice, potentially generating an agency problem between households and brokers. However, I also find evidence that brokers can benefit consumers by increasing upstream competition. By facilitating the entry of new, lower-cost mortgage providers, brokers increase competition among lenders, which can result in lower interest rates for households. It is important to understand both the positive and negative effects of having brokers when considering regulation in this market. The second chapter empirically analyzes the effects on welfare and market structure of regulations restricting broker compensation in the UK mortgage market. To study the net effect of these regulations in equilibrium, I estimate a structural model that features households' demand for mortgage products and broker services, lenders' optimal pricing decisions, and broker-lender bilateral bargaining over commission rates. I use the estimates to evaluate the impact of policies restricting brokers' commission payments. I find that a ban on commissions leads to a 25% decrease in consumer welfare, whereas a cap equal to the median commission increases consumer surplus by 10%. The intuition behind this finding is that by introducing a more restrictive cap, we are decreasing broker market power at the expense of increasing lender market power. A tighter cap will increase consumer surplus by aligning the incentives of brokers and households, but it will also decrease consumer surplus by reducing competition among lenders. In this chapter, I quantify both opposing forces to capture the net effect of different policies. The third chapter, co-authored with Nikos Artavanis, Daniel Paravisini, Amit Seru and Margarita Tsoutsoura, develops a new approach to isolate and quantify the extent to which deposit withdrawals are due to liquidity, exposure to policy risk, or expectations about how other depositors will behave. We use high frequency microdata on insured time-deposits from a large Greek bank over a long time period that spans quiet periods as well as events with large policy uncertainty. We use variation induced by maturity expiration of time deposits around the large policy uncertainty events to filter deposit withdrawals due to direct exposure to policy risk from those due to expectations about behavior of other depositors. In response to a policy uncertainty shock that doubled the short-run CDS price of Greek sovereign bonds, the early deposit withdrawal probability quadrupled. About two-thirds of this increase is driven by direct exposure to policy risk with the remainder due to changes in expectations of behavior of other depositors. We quantify these effects in terms of forgone interest rates and changes in short-run CDS prices. Our estimates imply effects that compare well with anecdotes from other recent prominent episodes of depositor withdrawals