PRINTO scholarships: the Italian experience

The increasing availability of the internet allows physicians to access actualized medical information quickly and easily, but it is not comparable with the possibility of working in a well known international medical centre

La Accesibilidad en juego, la inclusión construida junto a niños y adolescentes

En esta presentación compartimos la experiencia recogida durante tres años a través de talleres en escuelas primarias y secundarias, con diferentes perfiles socio económicos y especialidades. Partimos de pensar una sociedad y una educación inclusiva a la que hay que sumar prácticas de reflexión y acción. No basta con eliminar barreras arquitectónicas si aún permanece el silencio o la invisibilidad del otro. Cuando surgen en las prácticas cuestionamientos y expresiones diversas en torno a la discapacidad, los niños y adolescentes observan y se observan, preguntan y se preguntan. La diversidad enriquece y con ella y junto a ellos vamos construyendo accesibilidad a la educación, a la comunicación y a los diseños arquitectónicos inclusivos. Niños, jóvenes y adultos vamos afianzando estos temas mediante la modalidad de Taller. Educar en derechos es una forma de aportar al cambio de actitudes y miradas hacia lo diverso. Creemos que la fortaleza de nuestro proyecto radica en la interdisciplina y en la posibilidad de que los niños y jóvenes, a través de sus producciones se sientan protagonistas y responsables de transmitir los temas abordados al resto de la comunidad educativa. A la vez, hemos podido comprobar, al reencontrarnos en un segundo encuentro, que ellos pudieron generar un espacio de continuidad en la temática, con nosotros, con sus docentes y en sus casas con sus familiares. Pueden, en definitiva, participar, tomar conciencia y explorar el derecho a la educación, como cuestiones sociales e históricas, pero también personales y cotidianas

Revisión: ¿Qué hacer con un test positivo para anticuerpos antinucleares en Pediatría?

La presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) es el denominador común de muchas enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas. Su presencia puede ser indicativa de una enfermedad reumática; sin embargo, estos autoanticuerpos también pueden estar presentes en individuos sanos o con infecciones. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar un paciente con dolor musculoesquelético y ANA positivos. En ausencia de una sintomatología que haga sospechar una enfermedad reumática, la positividad de los ANA no tiene significado diagnóstico

Do Mothers and Fathers Hold Similar Views About Their Child's Arthritis?

Objective Evaluations of the well-being of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) typically rely on parents as proxy respondents. An assumption of several studies appears to be that mothers' and fathers' ratings are interchangeable, as reports do not always specify which parent completed the assessments nor, in repeated measures, whether they were completed by the same parent. The aim of this study was to examine the level of agreement between mothers' and fathers' ratings of their child's quality of life (QOL) and to identify possible predictors of disagreement. Methods Mothers and fathers (n = 82) of children with JIA completed ratings of their child's symptoms, QOL, and measures of their mood and beliefs about their child's illness and treatment. The number of active and limited joints and the physician's global assessment were also recorded. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients between mothers' and fathers' ratings of physical and psychosocial QOL were high (0.824 and 0.755, respectively). However, calculation of difference scores revealed that 70.6% and 65.9%, respectively, were classified as discordant. Where parents differed, the direction of difference was not systematic. Discordance in parents' mood states and in their illness and treatment beliefs explained a small amount of the variance in discordance in QOL. Conclusion It should not be assumed that proxy ratings of a child's well-being can be generalized from one parent to the other. Studies that take repeated assessments should ensure that the same parent completes assessments at all time points. Other factors that may explain discordance between parents' ratings need to be explored

Patient perception of pain versus observed pain behavior during a standardized electrodiagnostic test

Introduction: Clinicians often assume that observations of pain behavior are adequate for assessment of patient pain perception during procedures. This has not been tested during a standardized electrodiagnostic experience. Methods: During a prospective trial including extensive, standardized electrodiagnostic testing on persons with lumbar stenosis, vascular claudication, and asymptomatic volunteers, the subjects and an observer rated levels of pain. Results: In 60 subjects, observers significantly under‐rated pain (Visual Analog Scale 3.17 ± 2.23 vs. 4.38 ± 2.01, t = −4.577, df = 59, P < 0.001). Perceived pain during testing related to bodily pain as measured by the visual analog, McGill, Pain Disability, and Quebec scales, but not age, duration of symptoms, Tampa kinesiphobia, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, or SF‐36 health quality of life. Conclusions: Persons with worse pain syndromes may perceive more pain during testing than others. Clinicians and researchers should understand that patients may have more pain than they recognize. Muscle Nerve 51: 185–191, 2015Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110539/1/mus24308.pd

The experience of taking methotrexate for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a cross-sectional survey with children and young people

Background: Children and young people (CYP) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are known to have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which is improved significantly for many by treatment with methotrexate (MTX). However, a significant proportion of CYP experience difficulties in taking MTX, which may reduce its potential benefits for HRQoL. The aim of this research was to examine how CYP with JIA perceive MTX treatment and how this relates to HRQoL. Methods: CYP aged 8-16 years taking MTX for JIA completed an adapted Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire, which contains 100mm visual analogue scales, to assess difficulty taking MTX, adherence, frequency of negative reactions and helpfulness of MTX. They also completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic and Rheumatology scales. We collected data on age, gender, JIA course, disease duration, MTX duration of use, route and dose. Number of inflamed and limited joints were indicators of disease severity. Results: 116 CYP participated. Most considered MTX helpful (median 87; interquartile range (IQR) 50.75–98) and reported adherence was high (median 98; IQR 90–100). There was greater variability on scores for difficulty (median 22; IQR 2–69) and frequency of negative reactions (median 14.5; IQR 1.25–80). Mean (S.D.) scores on the PedsQL Physical and Psychosocial subscales were 71.63 (24.02) and 71.78 (19.59) respectively, indicating poorer HRQoL than that reported by healthy children. After controlling for demographic and disease variables, poorer physical HRQoL was significantly accounted for by greater difficulty in taking MTX. Poorer psychosocial HRQoL was significantly accounted for by subcutaneous MTX administration, a lower rating of MTX helpfulness and a greater reported difficulty in taking MTX. Conclusions: Taking MTX for JIA was viewed as helpful by most CYP but HRQoL was poorer in those who reported greater difficulty in taking MTX

Fortalecimiento de capacidades locales para mejorar el hábitat, actuando sobre condicionantes ambientales y socioeconómicos de la salud, causa de la mayor parte de las desigualdades sanitarias

La estrategia se centra en mitigar los condicionantes y determinantes de la salud en las variables ambientales y Socioeconómicas interviniendo en viviendas que presentan deficiencias en el núcleo básico sanitario compuesto por baño y cocina, asegurando de este modo un sector, que por sus características particulares y mayor complejidad técnico-constructiva no cumplen adecuadamente con sus funciones básicas de otorgar un ambiente higiénico adecuado. Las condiciones de estas viviendas hace necesario intervenir en dispositivos obsoletos para la eliminación de excretas y proveer de los recursos necesarios para asegurar una correcta higiene personal y la preparación de alimentos mediante el diseño y construcción de instalaciones que aseguren provisión de agua segura.Facultad de Ciencias Médica