Their Sleep Is To Be Desecrated : California\u27s Central Valley Project and the Wintu People of Northern California, 1938- 1943

The morning of July 14, 1944, was intended to be a moment of celebration for the City of Redding, California. Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes had been scheduled to arrive in the booming city to dedicate Shasta Dam, a national reclamation project of great pride to local citizens and construction workers. Just days prior, however, the dedication ceremony had been canceled due to the inability of Ickes to leave Washington D.C.. Instead, a small group of U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) officials, Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) officials, and local city officials quietly gathered within the dam\u27s $19,400,000 power plant. A BOR official flipped a switch to start one of the plant\u27s two massive generators, sending a surge of 120,000 watts of hydroelectricity into California\u27s transmission lines and the Pacific, Gas, and Electric (PG&E) distribution system. This energy would fuel the West\u27s war industries and the federal defense effort in World War II. Though without fanfare, the switching event signaled the official start of commercial production of power from the world\u27s second largest dam and keystone of the Central Valley Project (CVP). From Washington, D.C., the event was heralded by BOR Commissioner Harry W. Bashore as a milestone in the fulfillment of visions Californians have had for nearly 100 years.

Aussie Adventures

Postcard from April Meads, during the Linfield College Semester Abroad Program at Deakin University in Melbourne, Australi

Corporate Support for Employee Health Insurance for Franchises and Company Owned National Chains

Discusses the decline of employer-based health insurance, various options for employers, and the debate over legislation to strengthen employer-based coverage. Gives examples of innovative ways in which some businesses provide employee health insurance

Structural Design Guidelines for Pervious Concrete Pavements

Pervious pavements have gained popularity in recent years as the transportation industry focuses on sustainability and environmental impact. This research investigated the structural design of pervious concrete pavements. There is no standard design method; therefore, the goal was to lessen ambiguity surrounding the use of pervious concrete for pavement structures. By characterization of the rigid pavement design equation from the 1993 AASHTO Structural Design Guide for Design of Pavement Structures through laboratory exploration and review of existing literature, a guide was created to assist engineers in the design of pervious concrete pavements

Clinical reconciliation of patient social context and implementation of preventive care guidelines

Background Preventive care practice guidelines are disseminated regularly through federal and scientific groups as a way of promoting best practices and evidence-based health promotion. Yet rates of their implementation are historically low and complex, with cited barriers including limits on physicians’ time, knowledge or attitudes; and external factors related to the guideline itself, the clinical environment, or patient factors. The objective of this qualitative research is to understand how primary care clinicians and staff reconcile perceived patient-level factors and implementation of preventive care guidelines. Methods Key informant interviews (n=23) with 14 clinicians and 9 office managers from 14 primary care clinics were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Codes were categorized, then reviewed using conventional content analysis to determine thematic content. Results The importance of using communication tools; convenience for access to preventive services; and weighing the evidence when deciding how to proceed with preventive care emerged as themes related to understanding how providers reconcile between patient factors and implementation of preventive care guidelines. Conclusions The interviews used in this study provide some rich context to address the research objective: how providers reconcile between what they perceive to be patient factors and how they go about providing preventive care according to guidelines. The hope for this study is to identify key themes to instigate future exploratory research and provide evidence to target improvements in patient care.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1051/thumbnail.jp

Strategies to Increase Food Stamp Participation

Discusses the benefits, for both individuals and states, of boosting participation in food and nutrition programs. Recommends strategies and best practices to expand participation while lowering costs, such as coordinating efforts with other programs

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN HATCHERY-PRODUCED EASTERN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA (GMELIN)

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin 1791) has great ecological and economic importance but populations have declined, especially in Chesapeake Bay, to historically low numbers. Hatcheries strive to produce oysters with beneficial characteristics for supplementation and commercial purposes, both natural and stimulated mass spawning. Unequal contribution of parents in mass spawnings potentially can lead to high levels of inbreeding and a loss of beneficial characteristics in offspring. In this study, we determined microsatellite genotypes for parents (n^parents =24, 49, and 77 parents) and progeny (n=96 each) of three hatchery-produced families and used the data for parental assignment. We observed the presence of more than two alleles per locus for some offspring, yet because genetic analysis software only allows for a maximum of two alleles per locus, we chose the two alleles with the strongest signals. For the three parent “populations,” 71% of alleles had frequencies of \u3c0.05 and observed heterozygosities were lower than expected by an average factor of 0.27. Inbreeding within the various parent populations was similar across the three families ranging from F^IS 0.26–0.43. In all three families, the offspring exhibited greater levels of genetic diversity and lower inbreeding levels than the parents (F^IS 0.14–0.21), and in some cases offspring exhibited alleles that were not present in the parents. Variance in the number of offspring produced per parent was observed for all families and in general, \u3c10% of potential parents (generally 2-5 females and 1-3 males) produced \u3e10% of the offspring. Reproductive success for spawning parents, N^b, determined by three methods, ranged from 0.07 to 0.27. As the number of parents per family increased, a higher proportion of parents failed to produce offspring. Across all three families, the average effective number of breeders was N^b = 7.1 and the level of reproductive success was inversely proportional to the number of potential parents. This finding implies that to maintain high levels of diversity and beneficial characteristics in the offspring (and to avoid the chance of unintentional inbreeding), hatcheries should perform more spawnings with fewer parents

Ambient Air Toxic Releases and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Previous studies have shown that women exposed to certain air pollutants are at an increased risk for preterm delivery and/or delivering a low birth weight newborn. Preterm delivery and low birth weight are associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. In an effort to better understand the impact of local environmental factors on pregnancy health, duration and outcomes, this study investigated the relationship of hazardous air pollutant chemicals released by local industries and the adverse pregnancy outcomes of preterm delivery and term low birth weight in Allegheny County, PA.This study included 2,798 singleton birth records for deliveries that occurred in Allegheny County in January through March of 2004. The Toxic Release Inventory provided data for 2003 fugitive and stack air releases of all facilities in Allegheny County reporting air releases of lead and toluene. This data was used for determining proxy maternal exposure measurements. ArcGIS software was used to calculate the distance from each maternal residence to each TRI facility. The distances and reported total pounds of release from each facility were then used to calculate a total lead and toluene exposure value for every birth record. Binary logistic regression was used to assess maternal characteristics' effects on birth outcomes. Chi square tests were used to assess maternal characteristics and levels of exposure to lead and toluene. Chi square tests and binary logistic regression were then used to assess pregnancy outcomes in relation to quartiles of exposure.This study found that mothers with certain age, race, education, and marital characteristics were significantly associated with lower exposure levels of lead and toluene. However, exposure to higher levels of lead or toluene, as measured in this study, was not significantly associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery or term low birth weight.Adverse pregnancy outcomes negatively impact an individual's immediate and lifelong health. Decreasing the incidence of preterm delivery and low birth weight are of great importance to public health. Research that helps to identify environmental determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes is of vital public health significance

Making a Gender Transition in Northwest Arkansas: Issues of Access and Civil Rights in the Health Care System

The transgender population in Northwest Arkansas has difficulty in finding quality, accessible healthcare for gender transition-related procedures and for basic medical needs as well. These difficulties stem in part from a complex combination of discrimination, lack of information and training for proper treatment and care. This study takes a look at what is and isn’t available to transgender people in Northwest Arkansas and why they travel to other states and countries to seek healthcare