Beneficios de la agrónica en la agricultura

Factores como el cambio climático y el crecimiento de la población mundial ha generado un aumento en la demanda de alimentos, y esto a su vez lleva a que sea necesario implementar nuevas herramientas tecnológicas, las cuales permitan a los diferentes procesos del agro sufrir una transformación, con el fin de que estos sean más eficientes y de mejor calidad para dar respuesta a la problemática descrita, es de allí donde nace el concepto de la agronica. Este término ha atraído mucha atención de los investigadores y diseñadores en los últimos años, ya que hay varios aspectos que se abordan en él (por que medir, como medir datos en la agricultura, tipo sensores en la agricultura, diseño electrónico). En el presente artículo se explorará los temas mencionados; además, se revisarán varias aplicaciones, proyectos y esfuerzos de estandarización que se llevan a cabo en la actualidad y así poder identificar su importancia para ser aplicado en el agro colombiano

Securing Communication with Quantum Key Distribution:Implications and Impact on Network Performance

With a fully functional point-to-point quantum key distribution link, we demonstrate secret key retrieval by a pair of encryptors and investigate how their addition impacts key network performance indicators on a 10 Gbit/s data channel

Stainless steel corrosion in instrumentation pipe

Corrosion, being a destructive process, causes damage in almost all industrial sectors. In this way, it is harmful both from an economic, social and, especially, safety point of view, as it can cause failures in critical equipment and components of an industrial process. At this point, stainless steels are considered the most corrosion resistant metals. The resistance depends on the chemical composition and microstructure, factors that directly influence the passivation of these materials. The resistance is proportionally related to the addition of chromium (Cr) to the mixture, as well as other alloying elements, among which is the molybdenum (Mo), whose main function is to maximize corrosion resistance in the marine atmosphere, as in case of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 which presents in the chemical composition a percentage of the element Mo. Austenitic stainless steels are applied in instrumentation systems in tubing for reliability in severe atmospheres in accordance with ASTM A269 which establishes the materials applicable to this function. Thus, the present work presents, through a review and case study, Pitting Corrosion of tubings of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) coming from the marine atmosphere. The results show that there is no change in the longitudinal and transverse structure for all analyzed tubes, showing a homogeneous austenitic structure, free of intergranular precipitations

MixInYeast: A Multicenter Study on Mixed Yeast Infections

Invasive candidiasis remains one of the most prevalent systemic mycoses, and several studies have documented the presence of mixed yeast (MY) infections. Here, we describe the epidemiology, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of MY infections causing invasive candidiasis in a multicenter prospective study. Thirty-four centers from 14 countries participated. Samples were collected in each center between April to September 2018, and they were sent to a reference center to confirm identification by sequencing methods and to perform antifungal susceptibility testing, according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). A total of 6895 yeast cultures were identified and MY occurred in 150 cases (2.2%). Europe accounted for the highest number of centers, with an overall MY rate of 4.2% (118 out of 2840 yeast cultures). Of 122 MY cases, the most frequent combinations were Candida albicans/C. glabrata (42, 34.4%), C. albicans/C. parapsilosis (17, 14%), and C. glabrata/C. tropicalis (8, 6.5%). All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, 6.4% were fluconazole-resistant, and two isolates (1.6%) were echinocandin-resistant. Accurate identification of the species involved in MY infections is essential to guide treatment decisions

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Zoonosis, cambio climático y sociedad

La sociedad contemporánea se enfrenta a uno de los retos más grandes de la historia humana, el calentamiento global, mismo que acarrea enormes consecuencias, tales como los disturbios climáticos, así como los patrones de las enfermedades de origen animal transmisibles al hombre. Precisamente ante este escenario las instituciones educativas de nivel superior deben dar cumplimiento a su responsabilidad y ser las generadoras de alternativas de solución mediante el trabajo especializado de investigación; y para ello, la pesquisa científica es la mejor de las alternativas a nuestro alcance para comprender y encarar estos desafíos.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y Ediciones y Gráficos Eón, S.A. de C.V

Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), "A way of making Europe".Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals