2,100 research outputs found
Crossover from anomalous to normal diffusion: truncated power-law noise correlations and applications to dynamics in lipid bilayers
The emerging diffusive dynamics in many complex systems shows a
characteristic crossover behaviour from anomalous to normal diffusion which
is otherwise fitted by two independent power-laws. A prominent example for
a subdiffusive-diffusive crossover are viscoelastic systems such as lipid
bilayer membranes, while superdiffusive-diffusive crossovers occur in systems
of actively moving biological cells. We here consider the general dynamics of
a stochastic particle driven by so-called tempered fractional Gaussian noise,
that is noise with Gaussian amplitude and power-law correlations, which are
cut off at some mesoscopic time scale. Concretely we consider such noise with
built-in exponential or power-law tempering, driving an overdamped Langevin
equation (fractional Brownian motion) and fractional Langevin equation motion.
We derive explicit
expressions for the mean squared displacement and correlation functions,
including different shapes of the crossover behaviour depending on the
concrete tempering, and discuss the physical meaning of the tempering. In the
case of power-law tempering we also find a crossover behaviour from faster to
slower superdiffusion and slower to faster subdiffusion. As a direct application
of our model we demonstrate that the obtained dynamics quantitatively described
the subdiffusion-diffusion and subdiffusion-subdiffusion crossover in lipid bilayer
systems. We also show that a model of tempered fractional Brownian motion recently
proposed by Sabzikar and Meerschaert leads to physically very different behaviour
with a seemingly paradoxical ballistic long time scaling
APLICAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS PARA ESTUDOS DE INGESTÃO, COMPOSIÇÃO DA DIETA E DIGESTIBILIDADE
A adequada nutrição dos animais de produção é dependente do conhecimento das
exigências dos animais e valor nutritivo dos alimentos. No entanto, em muitas situações, a obtenção
das informações necessárias não é possível ou é dificultada pela falta de recursos ou alto custo dos
procedimentos experimentais, sendo necessária a aplicação de técnicas que possam estimar de
forma precisa os parâmetros desejados. A avaliação de animais em pastagem é bastante dificultada
pela impossibilidade em se controlar a ingestão e excreção dos animais, onde a aplicação de
modelos matemáticos e a utilização de indicadores surgem como alternativas que podem reduzir
custos e aumentar a precisão das estimativas. O objetivo dessa revisão foi apresentar as principais
técnicas em uso que visam determinar os parâmetros consumo, digestibilidade e composição da
dieta em diferentes sistemas de produção assim como as particularidades, vantagens e desvantagens
dos métodos empregados. A escolha da técnica empregada depende fundamentalmente dos
objetivos a serem alcançados, dos recursos disponíveis e da precisão necessária. A utilização de
indicadores é uma ferramenta bastante apropriada, possibilitando a estimativa de consumo e
digestibilidade nos diferentes compartimentos gastrintestinais. O emprego dos alcanos tem
apresentado resultados bastante satisfatórios na avaliação da composição das dietas, em especial
em sistemas de pastagem
Anticipatory reaching of seven- to eleven-month-old infants in occlusion situations
The present study examined 7- to 11-month-old infants' anticipatory and reactive reaching for temporarily occluded objects. Infants were presented with laterally approaching objects that moved at different velocities (10, 20, and 40. cm/s) in different occlusion situations (no-, 20. cm-, and 40. cm-occlusion), resulting in occlusion durations ranging between 0 and 4. s. Results show that except for object velocity and occlusion distance, occlusion duration was a critical constraint for infants' reaching behaviors. We found that the older infants reached more often, but that an increase in occlusion duration resulted in a decline in reaching frequency that was similar across age groups. Anticipatory reaching declined with increasing occlusion duration, but the adverse effects for longer occlusion durations diminished with age. It is concluded that with increasing age infants are able to retain and use information to guide reaching movements over longer periods of non-visibility, providing support for the graded representation hypothesis (Jonsson & von Hofsten, 2003) and the two-visual systems model (Milner & Goodale, 1995). © 2010 Elsevier Inc
Fat intake leads to differential response of rat adipocytes to glucose, insulin and ascorbic acid
Antioxidant-based treatments have emerged as novel and interesting approaches to counteract fat accumulation in obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Adipocytes from rats that were fed on chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 50 d were isolated (primary adipocytes) and incubated (72 h) on low (LG; 5.6 mmol/L) or high (HG; 25 mmol/L) glucose levels, in the presence or absence of 1.6 nmol/L insulin and 200 μmol/L vitamin C (VC). Adipocytes from HFD-fed animals presented lower insulin-induced glucose uptake, lower lactate and glycerol release, and lower insulin-induced secretion of some adipokines as compared with controls. HG treatment restored the blunted response to insulin regarding apelin secretion in adipocytes from HFD-fed rats. VC treatment inhibited the levels of nearly all variables, irrespective of the adipocytes' dietary origin. The HG treatment reduced adipocyte viability, and VC protected from this toxic effect, although more drastically in control adipocytes. Summing up, in vivo chow or HFD intake determines a differential response to insulin and glucose treatments that appears to be dependent on the insulin-resistance status of the adipocytes, while VC modifies some responses from adipocytes independently of the previous dietary intake of the animals
SELEX RICH Performance and Physics Results
SELEX took data in the 1996/7 Fixed Target Run at Fermilab. The excellent
performance parameters of the SELEX RICH Detector had direct influence on the
quality of the obtained physics results.Comment: Contributed talk at the Fourth Workshop on RICH Detectors, June 5-10,
2002, Pylos, Greece. Accepted for publication in NIM
Sphalerons, instantons, and standing waves on
We consider pure Yang-Mills theory when the space is compactified to
a 3-dimensional sphere with finite radius. The Euclidean classical self-dual
solutions of the equations of motion (the instantons) and the static finite
energy solutions (the sphalerons) which have been found earlier are rewritten
in handy physical variables with the gauge condition . Stationary
solutions to the equations of motion in the Minkowski space-time (the standing
waves) are discussed. We briefly discuss also the theory defined in a flat
finite spherical box with rigid boundary conditions and present the numerical
solution describing the sphaleron.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, 2 figures in a separate uuencoded file. Minor
Stylistic revision
Physical interpretation of gauge invariant perturbations of spherically symmetric space-times
By calculating the Newman-Penrose Weyl tensor components of a perturbed
spherically symmetric space-time with respect to invariantly defined classes of
null tetrads, we give a physical interpretation, in terms of gravitational
radiation, of odd parity gauge invariant metric perturbations. We point out how
these gauge invariants may be used in setting boundary and/or initial
conditions in perturbation theory.Comment: 6 pages. To appear in PR
The torsion cosmology in Kaluza-Klein theory
We have studied the torsion cosmology model in Kaluza-Klein theory. We
considered two simple models in which the torsion vectors are
and ,
respectively. For the first model, the accelerating expansion of the Universe
can be not explained without dark energy which is similar to that in the
standard cosmology. But for the second model, we find that without dark energy
the effect of torsion can give rise to the accelerating expansion of the
universe and the alleviation of the well-known age problem of the three old
objects for appropriated value of the model parameter . These
outstanding features of the second torsion cosmology model have been supported
by the Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) data.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in JCA
Glucose and insulin modify thrombospondin 1 expression and secretion in primary adipocytes from diet-induced obese rats.
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), an anti-angiogenic factor and TGF-β activity regulator, has been recently recognized as an adipokine that correlates with obesity, inflammation and insulin-resistance processes. In the present study, epididymal adipocytes of rats that were fed a chow (C) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 50 days, were isolated and incubated (24-72 h) in low (LG; 5.6 mM) or high (HG; 25 mM) glucose, in presence or absence of 1.6 nM insulin. Rats fed the HF diet showed an established obesity state. Serum TSP-1 levels and TSP-1 mRNA basal expression of adipocytes from HFD rats were higher than those from controls. Adipocytes from HFD animals presented an insulin-resistance state, as suggested by the lower insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as compared to controls. TSP-1 expression in culture was higher in adipocytes from obese animals at 24 h, but when the adipocytes were treated with HG, these expression levels dropped dramatically. Later at 72 h, TSP-1 expression was lower in adipocytes from HFD rats, and no effects of the other treatments were observed. Surprisingly, the secretion levels of this protein at 72 h were increased significantly by the HG treatment in both types of adipocytes, although they were even higher in adipocytes from obese animals. Finally, cell viability was significantly reduced by HG treatment in both types of adipocytes. In summary, TSP-1 expression/secretion was modulated in an in vitro model of insulin-resistant adipocytes. The difference between expression and secretion patterns suggests a post-transcriptional regulation. The present study confirms that TPS-1 is closely associated with obesity-related mechanisms
Anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates and completely integrable dynamical systems
A Gaussian ansatz for the wave function of two-dimensional harmonically
trapped anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates is shown to lead, via a
variational procedure, to a coupled system of two second-order, nonlinear
ordinary differential equations. This dynamical system is shown to be in the
general class of Ermakov systems. Complete integrability of the resulting
Ermakov system is proven. Using the exact solution, collapse of the condensate
is analyzed in detail. Time-dependence of the trapping potential is allowed
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