Physical vulnerability of buildings to rainfall-and earthquake-induced landslides in the Lisbon metropolitan area

This study assesses the physical vulnerability of buildings in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) to landslides triggered by rainfall and earthquakes. The susceptibility to rainfall-induced landslides was evaluated using the Information Value statistical model and validated through ROC curve analysis. Additionally, the susceptibility to earthquake-induced landslides was assessed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, validated with historical landslide data. The vulnerability assessment considered all residential buildings registered by the 2011 Census, incorporating various parameters, such as the presence of reinforced structures, the number of floors, the conservation status, and the need for structural and non-structural repairs. These parameters, along with their respective weights, were determined based on expert opinion and literature. The analysis and the results reported in this paper revealed significant regional interactions between earthquake- and rainfall-triggered landslides, which can lead to complex damage scenarios for exposed buildings. This study not only contributes to enhancing our understanding of the physical vulnerability of buildings to rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides but also provides valuable insights for decision-makers and practitioners involved in hazard and risk management

Does arterial hypertension influence the onset of Huntington's disease?

Neurological Motor Disorder

Probabilistic landslide risk analysis considering direct costs in the area north of Lisbon (Portugal)

The purpose of the present study is the analysis of landslide risk for roads and buildings in a small test site (20 km2) in the area north of Lisbon (Portugal). For this purpose, an evaluation is performed integrating into a GIS information obtained from multiple sources: (i) landslide hazard; (ii) elements at risk; and (iii) vulnerability. Landslide hazard is assessed on a probabilistic basis for three different types of slope movement (shallow translational slides, translational slides and rotational slides), based on some assumptions such as: (i) the likelihood of future landslide occurrence can be measured through statistical relationships between past landslide distribution and specified spatial data sets considered as landslide predisposing factors; and (ii) the rainfall combination (amount–duration) responsible for past slope instability within the test site will produce the same effects (i.e. same type of landslides and similar total affected area), each time they occur in the future. When the return period of rainfall triggering events is known, different scenarios can be modelled, each one ascribed to a specific return period. Therefore, landslide hazard is quantitatively assessed on a raster basis, and is expressed as the probability for each pixel (25 m2) to be affected by a future landslide, considering a rainfall triggering scenario with a specific return period. Elements at risk within the test site include 2561 buildings and roads amounting to 169 km. Values attributed to elements at risk were defined considering reconstruction costs, following the guidelines of the Portuguese Insurance Institute. Vulnerability is considered as the degree of loss to a given element resulting from the occurrence of a landslide of a given magnitude. Vulnerability depends not only on structural properties of exposed elements, but also on the type of process, and its magnitude; i.e., vulnerability cannot be defined in absolute terms, but only with respect to a specific process (e.g. vulnerability to shallow translational slides). Therefore, vulnerability was classified for the three landslide groups considered on hazard assessment, taking into account: (i) landslide magnitude (mean depth, volume, velocity); (ii) damage levels produced by past landslide events in the study area; and (iii) literature. Finally, a landslide risk analysis considering direct costs was made in an automatic way crossing the following three layers: (i) Probabilistic hazard map for a landslide type Z, considering a particular rainfall triggering scenario whose return period is known; (ii) Vulnerability map (values from 0 to 1) of the exposed elements to landslide type Z; and (iii) Value map of the exposed elements, considering reconstruction costs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A landslide risk index for municipal land use planning in Portugal

In Portugal landslides caused 237 fatalities and >1600 displaced people in the period 1865-2015. Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of slope instability can be related with a complex set of natural and human factors responsible for generating damages. It is essential to develop new methodologies to synthetize risk dimensions to contribute to the landslide risk management at the municipal level. This work proposed a municipal landslide risk index (LRI) considering three risk dimensions: hazard, exposure and physical vulnerability of buildings. The hazard dimension includes the landslide susceptibility performed at the national scale, the probability of weather types associated with landslides and an extreme precipitation susceptibility index. The exposure dimension considered the population density and the number of buildings, whereas the average physical vulnerability of the buildings was computed using four statistical variables from the official census: (i) construction technique and construction materials; (ii) reinforced structure; (iii) number of floors; and (iv) conservation status. Each variable includes different classes that were empirically weighted. After evaluating the three risk dimensions and the LRI, a cluster analysis was performed in order to identify the most important landslide risk drivers in each municipality. Exposure is the main driving force of LRI in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, while the hazard is more relevant in the NW municipalities and the physical vulnerability is the major driving force in the south of the country. This methodological approach contributes to a comprehensive and synthetized knowledge about the landslide risk driving forces within the 278 Portuguese municipalities. In addition, it contributes to the diversification and context-oriented strategies of landslide risk management that still lacks in most of the national-level risk governance processes. Finally, this methodology can be generalized to other geographical contexts, improving the risk management, land use planning and the disaster risk reduction.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Susceptibility and exposure to sea level rise in the Sado estuary and in the Arrábida coastal zone

Sea level rising is a major driver of three climate hazards in the Sado estuary and in the Arrábida coastal zone: estuarine flooding, coastal flooding and cliff retreat. In this work, the susceptibility to estuarine flooding, coastal flooding and cliff retreat is assessed for the present and at the end of the century, for the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios. The exposure of people and assets to the considered climate hazards is assessed for both the current climatic conditions and those projected for the end of the 21st century

Exploring Genetic Factors Involved in Huntington Disease Age of Onset: E2F2 as a New Potential Modifier Gene

Neurological Motor Disorder

Selected Papers From Sblp 2006: The 10th Brazilian Symposium On Programming Languages J.ucs Special Issue

[No abstract available]12776276