24 research outputs found
Effects of Maternal Fish Oil and/or 5-MethylTetrahydrofolate Supplementation during Pregnancy on Offspring Brain Resting-State at 10 Years Old: A Follow-Up Study from the NUHEAL Randomized Controlled Trial
Recent studies have shown that maternal supplementation with folate and long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) during pregnancy may affect children’s brain development.
We aimed at examining the potential long-term effect of maternal supplementation with fish oil
(FO) and/or 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the brain functionality of offspring at the age
of 9.5–10 years. The current study was conducted as a follow-up of the Spanish participants
belonging to the Nutraceuticals for a Healthier Life (NUHEAL) project; 57 children were divided
into groups according to mother’s supplementation and assessed through functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning and neurodevelopment testing. Independent component analysis
and double regression methods were implemented to investigate plausible associations. Children
born to mothers supplemented with FO (FO and FO + 5-MTHF groups, n = 33) showed weaker
functional connectivity in the default mode (DM) (angular gyrus), the sensorimotor (SM) (motor and
somatosensory cortices) and the fronto-parietal (FP) (angular gyrus) networks compared to the No-FO
group (placebo and 5-MTHF groups, n = 24) (PFWE < 0.05). Furthermore, no differences were found
regarding the neuropsychological tests, except for a trend of better results in an object recall (memory)
test. Considering the No-FO group, the aforementioned networks were associated negatively with
attention and speed-processing functions. Mother’s FO supplementation during pregnancy seems
to be able to shape resting-state network functioning in their children at school age and appears to
produce long-term effects on children´s cognitive processing.European Union (EU)
212652
007036Commission of the European Community within the 5th Framework Program
QLK1-CT-1999-00888European Research Council (ERC)
322605 META-GROWTHSpanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities
FJCI-2017-3339
Effects of an Exercise Program on Brain Health Outcomes for Children With Overweight or Obesity. The ActiveBrains Randomized Clinical Trial
IMPORTANCE Pediatric overweight and obesity are highly prevalent across the world, with
implications for poorer cognitive and brain health. Exercise might potentially attenuate these
adverse consequences.
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of an exercise program on brain health indicators, including
intelligence, executive function, academic performance, and brain outcomes, among children with
overweight or obesity and to explore potential mediators and moderators of the main effects of
exercise.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS All preexercise and postexercise data for this 20-week
randomized clinical trial of 109 children aged 8 to 11 years with overweight or obesity were collected
from November 21, 2014, to June 30, 2016, with neuroimaging data processing and analyses
conducted between June 1, 2017, and December 20, 2021. All 109 children were included in the
intention-to-treat analyses; 90 children (82.6%) completed the postexercise evaluation and
attended 70%or more of the recommended exercise sessions and were included in per-protocol
analyses.
INTERVENTIONS All participants received lifestyle recommendations. The control group continued
their usual routines, whereas the exercise group attended a minimum of 3 supervised 90-minute
sessions per week in an out-of-school setting.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Intelligence, executive function (cognitive flexibility,
inhibition, andworking memory), and academic performancewere assessed with standardized tests,
and hippocampal volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS The 109 participants included 45 girls (41.3%); participants had a mean (SD) body mass
index of 26.8 (3.6) and a mean (SD) age of 10.0 (1.1) years at baseline. In per-protocol analyses, the
exercise intervention improved crystallized intelligence, with the exercise group improving from
before exercise to after exercise (mean z score, 0.62 [95%CI, 0.44-0.80]) compared with the
control group (mean z score, –0.10 [95%CI, –0.28 to 0.09]; difference between groups, 0.72 SDs
[95%CI, 0.46-0.97]; P < .001). Total intelligence also improved significantly more in the exercise
group (mean z score, 0.69 [95%CI, 0.48-0.89]) than in the control group (mean z score, 0.07 [95%
CI, –0.14 to 0.28]; difference between groups, 0.62 SDs [95%CI, 0.31-0.91]; P < .001). Exercise also
positively affected a composite score of cognitive flexibility (mean z score: exercise group, 0.25 [95%
CI, 0.05-0.44]; control group, –0.17 [95%CI, –0.39 to 0.04]; difference between groups, 0.42 SDs
[95%CI, 0.13-0.71]; P = .005). These main effects were consistent in intention-to-treat analyses and after multiple-testing correction. There was a positive, small-magnitude effect of exercise on total
academic performance (mean z score: exercise group, 0.31 [95%CI, 0.18-0.44]; control group, 0.10
[95%CI, –0.04 to 0.24]; difference between groups, 0.21 SDs [95%CI, 0.01-0.40]; P = .03), which
was partially mediated by cognitive flexibility. Inhibition, working memory, hippocampal volume,
and other brain magnetic resonance imaging outcomes studied were not affected by the exercise
program. The intervention increased cardiorespiratory fitness performance as indicated by longer
treadmill time to exhaustion (mean z score: exercise group, 0.54 [95%CI, 0.27-0.82]; control group,
0.13 [95%CI, –0.16 to 0.41]; difference between groups, 0.42 SDs [95%CI, 0.01-0.82]; P = .04), and
these changes in fitness mediated some of the effects (small percentage of mediation
[approximately 10%-20%]). The effects of exercise were overall consistent across the moderators
tested, except for larger improvements in intelligence among boys compared with girls.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial, exercise positively affected
intelligence and cognitive flexibility during development among children with overweight or obesity.
However, the structural and functional brain changes responsible for these improvementswere not
identified.Spanish Government DEP2013-47540
DEP2016-79512-R
DEP2017-91544-EXPEuropean Commission
European Commission
European Commission Joint Research Centre 667302Alicia Koplowitz FoundationERDF (FEDER in Spanish) B-CTS-355-UGR18University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion, Visiting Scholar grantsJunta de AndaluciaUnit of Excellence on Exercise, Nutrition and Health (UCEENS)European Commission SOMM17/6107/UGREXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health DEP2005-00046/ACTIHigh Council of Sports 09/UPB/19Spanish Government FPU 14/06837
FPI-BES-2014-068829
FJC2018-037925-I
FJCI-2014-19563
IJCI-2017-33642
RYC2019-027287-I
FPU15/02645
FJCI-2017-33396
IJC2019-041916-IJunta de AndaluciaNational Agency for Research and Development (ANID)/BECAS Chile 72180543Ramon Areces Foundatio
Type 2 Diabetes-Related Variants Influence the Risk of Developing Prostate Cancer:A Population-Based Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis
In this study, we have evaluated whether 57 genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-identified common variants for type 2 diabetes (T2D) influence the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) in a population of 304 Caucasian PCa patients and 686 controls. The association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of PCa was validated through meta-analysis of our data with those from the UKBiobank and FinnGen cohorts, but also previously published genetic studies. We also evaluated whether T2D SNPs associated with PCa risk could influence host immune responses by analysing their correlation with absolute numbers of 91 blood-derived cell populations and circulating levels of 103 immunological proteins and 7 steroid hormones. We also investigated the correlation of the most interesting SNPs with cytokine levels after in vitro stimulation of whole blood, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and monocyte-derived macrophages with LPS, PHA, Pam3Cys, and Staphylococcus Aureus. The meta-analysis of our data with those from six large cohorts confirmed that each copy of the FTOrs9939609A, HNF1Brs7501939T, HNF1Brs757210T, HNF1Brs4430796G, and JAZF1rs10486567A alleles significantly decreased risk of developing PCa (p = 3.70 × 10−5, p = 9.39 × 10−54, p = 5.04 × 10−54, p = 1.19 × 10−71, and p = 1.66 × 10−18, respectively). Although it was not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing, we also found that the NOTCH2rs10923931T and RBMS1rs7593730 SNPs associated with the risk of developing PCa (p = 8.49 × 10−4 and 0.004). Interestingly, we found that the protective effect attributed to the HFN1B locus could be mediated by the SULT1A1 protein (p = 0.00030), an arylsulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic com-pounds. In addition to these results, eQTL analysis revealed that the HNF1Brs7501939, HNF1Brs757210, HNF1Brs4430796, NOTCH2rs10923931, and RBMS1rs7593730 SNPs influence the risk of PCa through the modulation of mRNA levels of their respective genes in whole blood and/or liver. These results confirm that functional TD2-related variants influence the risk of developing PCa, but also highlight the need of additional experiments to validate our functional results in a tumoral tissue context
Polymorphisms within autophagy-related genes influence the risk of developing colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of four large cohorts
The role of genetic variation in autophagy-related genes in modulating autophagy and cancer is poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively investigated the association of autophagy-related variants with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and provide new insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations. After meta-analysis of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from four independent European cohorts (8006 CRC cases and 7070 controls), two loci, DAPK2 (p = 2.19 × 10−5) and ATG5 (p = 6.28 × 10−4) were associated with the risk of CRC. Mechanistically, the DAPK2rs11631973G allele was associated with IL1 β levels after the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.002), CD24 + CD38 + CD27 + IgM + B cell levels in blood (p = 0.0038) and serum levels of en-RAGE (p = 0.0068). ATG5rs546456T allele was associated with TNF α and IL1 β levels after the stimulation of PBMCs with LPS (p = 0.0088 and p = 0.0076, respectively), CD14+CD16− cell levels in blood (p = 0.0068) and serum levels of CCL19 and cortisol (p = 0.0052 and p = 0.0074, respectively). Interestingly, no association with autophagy flux was observed. These results suggested an effect of the DAPK2 and ATG5 loci in the pathogenesis of CRC, likely through the modulation of host immune responses.This work was partially supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid,
Spain; PI12/02688 and PI17/02256). CORSA was funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency
(FFG) BRIDGE grant (no. 829675, to Andrea Gsur), the “Herzfelder’sche Familienstiftung” (grant
to Andrea Gsur). Czech Republic CCS was funded by GACR grants (18–09709S, 19–10543S and
20–03997S), ProgresQ28/1.LF and UNCE/MED/006 grants. This article is based upon work from
COST Action CA17118, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). A.K.
is a recipient of a Ramalingaswami Re-Retry Faculty Fellowship (Grant; BT/RLF/Re-entry/38/2017)
from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India (GOI). V.M. received funding
from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of the Catalan
Government grant 2017SGR723, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by FEDER funds–a
way to build Europe–grants PI14-00613, PI17-00092 and the Spanish Association Against Cancer
(AECC) Scientific Foundation grant GCTRA18022MORE. K.H. was supported by European Union
Horizon 2020 grant No. 856620. We thank the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya for
institutional support
Polymorphisms within autophagy-related genes as susceptibility biomarkers for multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis of three large cohorts and functional characterization
Functional data used in this project have been meticulously catalogued and archived in the BBMRI-NL data infrastructure (https://hfgp.bbmri.nl/, accessed on 12 February 2020) using the MOLGENIS open-source platform for scientific data.Multiple myeloma (MM) arises following malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the
bone marrow, that secrete high amounts of specific monoclonal immunoglobulins or light chains,
resulting in the massive production of unfolded or misfolded proteins. Autophagy can have a
dual role in tumorigenesis, by eliminating these abnormal proteins to avoid cancer development,
but also ensuring MM cell survival and promoting resistance to treatments. To date no studies
have determined the impact of genetic variation in autophagy-related genes on MM risk. We
performed meta-analysis of germline genetic data on 234 autophagy-related genes from three independent study populations including 13,387 subjects of European ancestry (6863 MM patients and
6524 controls) and examined correlations of statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs; p < 1 × 10−9) with immune responses in whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs), and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from a large population of healthy
donors from the Human Functional Genomic Project (HFGP). We identified SNPs in six loci, CD46,
IKBKE, PARK2, ULK4, ATG5, and CDKN2A associated with MM risk (p = 4.47 × 10−4−5.79 × 10−14).
Mechanistically, we found that the ULK4rs6599175 SNP correlated with circulating concentrations
of vitamin D3 (p = 4.0 × 10−4), whereas the IKBKErs17433804 SNP correlated with the number of
transitional CD24+CD38+ B cells (p = 4.8 × 10−4) and circulating serum concentrations of Monocyte
hemoattractant Protein (MCP)-2 (p = 3.6 × 10−4). We also found that the CD46rs1142469 SNP corre lated with numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD19+CD3− B cells, CD5+ IgD− cells, IgM− cells, IgD−IgM−
cells, and CD4−CD8− PBMCs (p = 4.9 × 10−4−8.6 × 10−4
) and circulating concentrations of interleukin (IL)-20 (p = 0.00082). Finally, we observed that the CDKN2Ars2811710 SNP correlated with levels
of CD4+EMCD45RO+CD27− cells (p = 9.3 × 10−4
). These results suggest that genetic variants within
these six loci influence MM risk through the modulation of specific subsets of immune cells, as well
as vitamin D3−, MCP-2−, and IL20-dependent pathways.This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, N° 856620 and by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER (Madrid, Spain; PI17/02256 and PI20/01845), Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades and FEDER (PY20/01282), from the CRIS foundation against cancer, from the Cancer Network of Excellence (RD12/10 Red de Cáncer), from the Dietmar Hopp Foundation and the German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF: CLIOMMICS [01ZX1309]), and from National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers: R01CA186646, U01CA249955 (EEB).This work was also funded d by Portuguese National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)—project UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020 and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000055, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
PhDAY 2020 -FOO (Facultad de Óptica y Optometría)
Por cuarto año consecutivo los doctorandos de la Facultad de Óptica y Optometría de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid cuentan con un congreso propio organizado por y para ellos, el 4º PhDAY- FOO. Se trata de un congreso gratuito abierto en la que estos jóvenes científicos podrán presentar sus investigaciones al resto de sus compañeros predoctorales y a toda la comunidad universitaria que quiera disfrutar de este evento. Apunta en tu agenda: el 15 de octubre de 2020. En esta ocasión será un Congreso On-line para evitar que la incertidumbre asociada a la pandemia Covid-19 pudiera condicionar su celebración
The role of motor impulsivity in socioemotional adjustment in high-risk seven year old children and healthy controls: A follow-up study
El presente estudio persigue dos objetivos: primero evaluar la presencia de alteraciones conductuales e intelectuales en niños de 7 años caracterizados como de alto riego al nacer – comparados con un grupo de controles sanos – y, segundo, y lo que es más importante, evaluar el valor discriminativo de una tarea neuropsicológica de impulsividad motora (Go/No-go) como indicador del ajuste emocional en la vida cotidiana. Se administró la Escala de Evaluación de Conducta para Niños (BASC), la Escala de Inteligencia de Weschler (WISC) y la Go/No-go a 14 niños de 7 años de alto riesgo y a 20 controles sanos. Los niños de alto riego habían sido clasificados como tales al poco tiempo de nacer, a causa de la presencia de factores de riesgo perinatal, y posteriormente dados de alta de la unidad de atención temprana. Actualmente están escolarizados conforme a su edad. Esperábamos que la ejecución en la tarea Go/No-go fuera un indicador de problemas conductuales en los niños de alto riesgo y, específicamente, de aquellos más relacionados con el ajuste socioemocional. Los niños de alto riego mostraron peores puntuaciones en la mayor parte de las subescalas del BASC y el WISC, y cometieron más errores de omisión y de comisión en la Go/No-go. Los análisis de regresión para toda la muestra mostraron que la ejecución en la Go/No-go es un predictor (independientemente del CI) de los problemas de ajuste socioemocional. Este resultado concuerda con la idea de que la impulsividad motora es un mediador importante entre el desarrollo de la función ejecutiva y el ajuste emocional.The main aim of the present study was two-wise: first, to assess the presence of behavioral and intellectual disturbances in high-risk 7-yearold children, compared to healthy controls; and, second, and most importantly, to evaluate the discriminative validity of a motor impulsivity neuropsychological task (Go/No-go) as an indicator of daily-life socioemotional adjustment. We administered the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children (BASC), the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), and the Go/No-go task to 14 high-risk 7 year-olds and 20 matched healthy controls. High-risk children had been classified as so shortly after birth, due to the presence of perinatal risk factors, and later released from the early care unit. They are currently schooled according to their age. We expected performance in the Go/No-go task to be a good indicator of behavioral disturbances in high risk children, and more specifically of those related to socioemotional adjustment. Accordingly to such a hypothesis, high-risk children showed significantly worse scores in most BASC and WISC subscales, and committed more commission and omission errors on the Go/No-go task. Most importantly, regression analyses showed that performance on the Go/No-go task (but not WISC scores) was an independent indicator of socioemotional adjustment problems. This result is in accordance with proposals that motor impulsivity is an important mediator between altered executive function development and socioemotional adjustment
Structural features of geolipids and kerogen isolated from a Spanish oil shale
4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, 3 references.Oil shales have a special geochemical interest both as source rocks and as
an energy resource in themselves. In fact, many outstanding works on the
application of biomarkers for source rocks-oil correlations have been carried
out in these sedimentary rocks.Peer reviewe
Chemiluminescentie immuno assay is, door het toepassen van 1,2-dioxetanen als thermoluminescente labels, een aantrekkelijk al-ternatief voor de klassieke radio immuno assay
SIGLEKULeuven Campusbibliotheek Exacte Wetenschappen / UCL - Université Catholique de LouvainBEBelgiu