Seguridad y salud ocupacional en el sector industrial

The objective of this article was to analyze the impact of occupational safety and health (OSH) training on occupational incidents in an industry in Mexico. This training was given through an intervention in the USG Mexico industry, as a result of the implementation of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PHVA) methodology. The methodology used was exploratory factor analysis to explain the correlation of the variables. The results showed that the implementation of the PHVA methodology was positively correlated with the decrease in accident rates in general, although the interdepartmental relationship was negative since there were significant differences in the areas of maintenance and production. These results demonstrate the opportunity for sustained improvement of working conditions and their immediate effects on productivity and competitiveness of the industries.El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar el impacto de la capacitación en la seguridad y salud ocupacional (SySO) en una industria de México. Esta capacitación se dio a través de una intervención sobre en la industria USG México, como resultado de la implementación de la metodología Planear-Hacer-Verificar-Actuar (PHVA). La metodología utilizada fue la regresión lineal para explicar la correlación de las variables. Los resultados mostraron que la implementación de la metodología de PHVA se correlacionó positivamente con la disminución de los índices de siniestralidad de manera general, aunque de manera departamental las relaciones variaron entre los diversos departamentos que integran la industria. Estos resultados evidenciar la oportunidad para mejorar en forma sostenida las condiciones laborales y sus efectos inmediatos en la productividad y la competitividad de las industrias

An Alternative Interpretation for the Moduli Fields of the Cosmology Associated to Type IIB Supergravity with Fluxes

We start with a particular cosmological model derived from type IIB supergravity theory with fluxes, where usually the dilaton is interpreted as a Quintessence field. Instead of that, in this letter we interpret the dilaton as the dark matter of the universe. With this alternative interpretation we find that in this supergravity model gives a similar evolution and structure formation of the universe compared with the $\Lambda$CDM model in the linear regime of fluctuations of the structure formation. Some free parameters of the theory are fixed using the present cosmological observations. In the non-linear regimen there are some differences between the type IIB supergravity theory with the traditional CDM paradigm. The supergravity theory predicts the formation of galaxies earlier than the CDM and there is no density cusp in the center of galaxies. These differences can distinguish both models and can give a distinctive feature to the phenomenology of the cosmology coming from superstring theory with fluxes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, references added, minor modifications, typos corrected. Version accepted for publication in IJMP

Multiple Resistance to Glyphosate and 2,4-D in Carduus acanthoides L. from Argentina and Alternative Control Solutions

Carduus acanthoides L. is an invasive species native to Europe and distributed in other parts of the world, including North and South America. In Cordoba, Argentina, control failures of this species have been reported in Roundup Ready (RR) soybean crops where glyphosate and 2,4-D have frequently been applied, although there are no confirmed reports worldwide of resistance to glyphosate and 2,4-D in this species. Dose–response tests showed multiple-resistance to both active principles. The resistant population (R) had LD50 values of 1854.27 and 1577.18 g ae ha−1 (grams of acid equivalent per hectare), while the susceptible (S) population had LD50 values of 195.56 and 111.78 g ae ha−1 for glyphosate and 2,4-D, respectively. Low accumulations of shikimic acid (glyphosate) and ethylene (2,4-D) at different doses in the R population compared to the S population support the results observed in the dose–response curves. No significant differences in leaf retention were observed for glyphosate and 2,4-D in the R and S populations. However, the use of adjuvants increased the retention capacity of herbicides in both populations. Ten alternative herbicides with seven different action mechanisms (MOAs) were evaluated and the most effective active principles were dicamba, bromoxynil, atrazine, tembotrione, flazasulfuron, glufosinate, and paraquat. These findings are the first evidence of glyphosate and 2,4 D resistance in C. acanthoides

Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Field Management of Red Brome (Bromus rubens L.) in Perennial Crops Grown in Southern Spain

The excessive use of the herbicide glyphosate on annual and perennial crops grown in Southern Spain has caused an increase in resistant weed populations. Bromus rubens has begun to spread through olive and almond cultivars due to low glyphosate control over these species, whereas previously it had been well controlled with field dose (1080 g ae ha−1). Characterization using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers confirmed the presence of B. rubens collected in Andalusia. A rapid shikimic acid accumulation screening showed 17 resistant (R) populations with values between 300 and 700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight and three susceptible (S) populations with values between 1200 and 1700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight. In dose–response experiments the GR50 values agreed with previous results and the resistance factors (RFs: GR50 R/GR50 S (Br1)) were between 4.35 (Br9) and 7.61 (Br19). Foliar retention assays shown no differences in glyphosate retention in both R and S populations. The tests carried out in a resistant field (Br10) demonstrated the control efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides since flazasulfuron in the tank mix with glyphosate had up to 80% control 15 to 120 days after application (DAA) and grass weed postemergence herbicides, such as propaquizafop + glyphosate and quizalofop + glyphosate, had up to 90% control 15 to 90 DAA. Results confirm the first scientific report of glyphosate-resistant B. rubens worldwide; however, the use of herbicides with another mode of action (MOA) is the best tool for integrated weed management

Effective Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Cardiac Catheterization

Exposure to ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization can have harmful consequences for patients and for the medical staff involved in the procedures. Minimizing radiation doses during the procedures is essential. We investigated whether fine-tuning the radiation protocol reduces radiation doses in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. In January 2016, we implemented a new protocol with reduced radiation doses in the Hospital de Jerez catheterization laboratory. We analyzed 170 consecutive coronary interventional procedures (85 of which were performed after the new protocol was implemented) and the personal dosimeters of the interventional cardiologists who performed the procedures. Overall, the low-radiation protocol reduced air kerma (dose of radiation) by 44.9% (95% CI, 18.4%–70.8%; P=0.001). The dose-area product decreased by 61% (95% CI, 30.2%– 90.1%; P <0.001) during percutaneous coronary interventions. We also found that the annual deep (79%, P=0.026) and shallow (62.2%, P=0.035) radiation doses to which primary operators were exposed decreased significantly under the low-radiation protocol. These dose reductions were achieved without increasing the volume of contrast media, fluoroscopy time, or rates of procedural complications, and without reducing the productivity of the laboratory. Optimizing the radiation safety protocol effectively reduced radiation exposure in patients and operators during cardiac catheterization procedures

EXCEL COMO AUXILIAR EN LA GENERACIÓN DE REPORTES EN SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN (EXCEL AS AN AUXILIARY IN THE GENERATION OF REPORTS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS)

ResumenLos sistemas de información ofrecen la funcionalidad de analizar información y generar reportes que sean de interés a los varios niveles gerenciales y de administración de una empresa u organización. Sin embargo, nuevas necesidades de información generan nuevos requisitos de software y por lo tanto la necesidad de extender la funcionalidad de estos sistemas, lo que a su vez tiene costos y riesgos de desarrollo de software asociados. En este trabajo se propone usar la herramienta de Excel como un auxiliar en la generación de reportes que puedan asistir la administración de información. Nuestra propuesta incluye un flujo de trabajo en el que existen dos transformaciones de información: (a) de una base de datos no relacional a una relacional, es decir de MongoDB a MySQL, (b) de una base de datos relacional a una hoja de cálculo, es decir de MySQL a Excel. Finalmente, en Excel se propone el uso de tablas pivote para asistir el análisis dinámico de la información. Como caso de estudio se presenta el Sistema de Registro de Asistencias del Centro de Auto-Aprendizaje de Idiomas del Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios de la Universidad de Guanajuato en la Sede Yuriria.Palabra(s) Clave: MongoDB, MySQL, Tablas pivote, VBA, Visual Basic para Aplicaciones. AbstractInformation systems offer the functionality to collect, store, and analyses data and generate reports for a business or organization. However, new needs of information generate new software requirements and therefore the need to extend the functionality of the systems incurring in additional software development costs and risks. This work proposes the use of Microsoft Excel as a tool to assist the analysis of data and the generation of new reports providing meaningful information to assist the decision making in the administration of the center. Our proposal comprises two transformations of the data: (a) from a non-relational database to a relational database, and (b) from a relational database to Microsoft Excel. We take as a case of study the attendance registration systems of the Self Access and Learning Language Centre at the Department of Multidisciplinary Studies of the University of Guanajuato in Yuriria.Keywords: MongoDB, MySQL, Pivot tables, VBA, Visual Basic for Applications

Non-Target Site Mechanisms Endow Resistance to Glyphosate in Saltmarsh Aster (Aster squamatus)

Of the six-glyphosate resistant weed species reported in Mexico, five were found in citrus groves. Here, the glyphosate susceptibility level and resistance mechanisms were evaluated in saltmarsh aster (Aster squamatus), a weed that also occurs in Mexican citrus groves. The R population accumulated 4.5-fold less shikimic acid than S population. S plants hardly survived at 125 g ae ha−1 while most of the R plants that were treated with 1000 g ae ha−1, which suffered a strong growth arrest, showed a vigorous regrowth from the third week after treatment. Further, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate basal and enzymatic activities did not diverge between populations, suggesting the absence of target-site resistance mechanisms. At 96 h after treatment, R plants absorbed ~18% less glyphosate and maintained 63% of the 14C-glyphsoate absorbed in the treated leaf in comparison to S plants. R plants metabolized twice as much (72%) glyphosate to amino methyl phosphonic acid and glyoxylate as the S plants. Three non-target mechanisms, reduced absorption and translocation and increased metabolism, confer glyphosate resistance saltmarsh aster. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance recorded for A. squamatus in the world

Asp376Glu mutation and enhanced metabolism controlling the resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Ixophorus unisetus (J. Presl) Schltdl. from the Bajio, Mexico

A study was carried out to determine the ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibitor herbicide resistance in the Mexican grass Ixophorus unisetus, a troublesome weed in corn crops in Mexico. First, the resistance was confirmed in field screening assays. Eight populations that survived nicosulfuron treatment at a field rate of 40 g ai ha−1 were labeled as putative-resistant. Dose–response trials demonstrated a high resistance in the eight populations (GR50 from 140.33 to 245.46 g ai ha−1). The synergism of malathion plus nicosulfuron demonstrated that the non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanism based on cytochrome P450 (Cyt-P450) was involved in five populations of I. unisetus. Molecular studies revealed that a single-nucleotide change occurs in the amino acid at position 376 (from GAT to GAG), which codifies from Asp-376 to Glu-376. This is the first time that Asp-376-Glu has been reported in this species. Assays in vitro and in vivo demonstrated I. unisetus cross-resistance to flucarbazone, penoxsulam, bispyribac-Na, and imazamox. No multiple resistance was found in two resistant populations exposed to different herbicides. Our results indicate that the lack of good control over Mexican grass in corn with ALS inhibitors is due to target-site mutation and NTSR mechanisms (Cyt-P450-mediated metabolism). A strategy should be established in Mexican fields to continue controlling this weed, including mechanical control practices and a good combination of the available pre- and post-emergence herbicides

Accumulation of target gene mutations confers multiple resistance to ALS, ACCase and EPSPS inhibitors in Lolium species in Chile

Different Lolium species, common weeds in cereal fields and fruit orchards in Chile, were reported showing isolated resistance to the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibiting herbicides in the late 1990s. The first case of multiple resistance to these herbicides was Lolium multiflorum found in spring barley in 2007. We hypothesized that other Lolium species may have evolved multiple resistance. In this study, we characterised the multiple resistance to glyphosate, diclofop-methyl and iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium in Lolium rigidum, Lolium perenne and Lolium multiflorum resistant (R) populations from Chile collected in cereal fields. Lolium spp. populations were confirmed by AFLP analysis to be L. rigidum, L. perenne and L. multiflorum. Dose-response assays confirmed multiple resistance to glyphosate, diclofop-methyl and iodosulfuron methyl-sodium in the three species. Enzyme activity assays (ACCase, ALS and EPSPS) suggested that the multiple resistance of the three Lolium spp. was caused by target site mechanisms, except the resistance to iodosulfuron in the R L. perenne population. The target site genes sequencing revealed that the R L. multiflorum population presented the Pro-106-Ser/Ala (EPSPS), Ile-2041-Asn+Asp-2078-Gly (ACCase), and Trp-574-Leu (ALS) mutations; and the R L. rigidum population had the Pro-106-Ser (EPSPS), Ile-1781-Leu+Asp-2078-Gly (ACCase) and Pro-197-Ser/Gln+Trp-574-Leu (ALS) mutations. Alternatively, the R L. perenne population showed only the Asp-2078-Gly (ACCase) mutation, while glyphosate resistance could be due to EPSPS gene amplification (no mutations but high basal enzyme activity), whereas iodosulfuron resistance presumably could involve non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms. These results support that the accumulation of target site mutations confers multiple resistance to the ACCase, ALS and EPSPS inhibitors in L. multiflorum and L. rigidum from Chile, while in L. perenne, both target and NTSR could be present. Multiple resistance to three herbicide groups in three different species of the genus Lolium in South America represents a significant management challenge.This work was funded by the Asociación de Agroquímicos y Medioambiente. The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project PID2019-110847RB-I00) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) supported this research. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). JT acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant Ramon y Cajal RYC2018-023866-I) and RA thanks support to the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2018/15910-6)

Catalizador de hierro cerovalente y magnetita para la reacción de Fenton

Actualmente se investiga la reacción de producción de radicales HO• a partir de H2O2 con el catalizador de Fe2+ inmovilizado en un sustrato sólido por impregnación o por Fe2+ incluido en óxidos mixtos de Mn, Fe, Co o Ni, Se ha preparado un catalizador muy eficiente mediante la reducción por hidrogenación del hierro presente en la magnetita FeO.Fe3O4 creando así un sistema de Fe0Fe3+Fe2+. El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar la actividad catalítica de tipo Fenton de mezclas meca nicas de Fe0 con magnetita, usando como testigo la degradación del colorante índigo carmín. Se estudio la actividad de los catalizadores preparados con Fe0 y magnetita en diferentes proporciones, la influencia de la cantidad de peróxido, de la temperatura, de la concentración del ácido y del peso del catalizador. Los resultados sugieren que las muestras de Fe0 espontáneamente oxidado a FeO son eficientes para realizar la catálisis.The reaction of production of HO• radicals from H2O2 is currently investigated with the Fe2+ catalyst immobilized on a solid substrate by impregnation or by Fe2+ included in mixed oxides of Mn, Fe, Co or Ni. A very efficient catalyst has been prepared by hydrogenation reduction of the iron present in the FeO.Fe3O4 magnetite thus creating a Fe0Fe3+Fe2+ system. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the Fenton-type catalytic activity of mechanical mixtures of Fe0 with magnetite, using as a control the degradation of the indigo carmine dye. The activity of the catalysts prepared with Fe0 and magnetite in different proportions, the influence of the amount of peroxide, temperature, acid concentration and catalyst weight were studied. The results suggest that samples of Fe0 spontaneously oxidized to FeO are efficient for catalysis