Disseny i implementació d'un altaveu portàtil 2.1 de 15W amb connectivitat Bluetooth i processament digital amb el microcontrolador ESP32

[EN] This project encompasses the design and implementation of a portable speaker with a power draw of 15W, bluetooth connectivity, DSP technology and 5h battery life. This is a multidisciplinary project covering different fields of study such as acoustics, baffle design, system control, microcontroller programming, hardware implementation and 3D modelling among others.[ES] En el presente TFG se pretende diseñar e implementar un altavoz portátil en configuración 2.1. Se dotará al sistema de la capacidad de procesamiento necesaria para implementar técnicas de filtrado digital que permitan obtener la mejor respuesta en frecuencia posible del sistema. El sistema diseñado deberá proporcionar conectividad bluetooth. Además, debe dotar al sistema de una autonomía mínima de 5h. El alcance del TFG es el siguiente: - Estudio del estado de la técnica en lo relativo a los sistemas de reproducción de audio portátiles. - Diseño del sistema de audio portátil a partir de las especificaciones. - Estudio de alternativas y elección de los componentes. - Implementación del sistema y puesta en marcha. - Análisis de la respuesta en frecuencia del equipo y ajuste de los filtros digitales. - Comprobación de la respuesta en frecuencia deseada.García Serrano, J. (2022). Design and implementation of a 15W, 2.1 portable speaker with bluetooth connectivity and digital signal processing using the ESP32 microcontrollers. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/18722

Observed modes of sea surface temperature variability in the South Pacific region

The South Pacific (SP) region exerts large control on the climate of the Southern Hemisphere at many times scales. This paper identifies the main modes of interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the SP which consist of a tropical-driven mode related to a horseshoe structure of positive/negative SST anomalies within midlatitudes and highly correlated to ENSO and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) variability, and another mode mostly confined to extratropical latitudes which is characterized by zonal propagation of SST anomalies within the South Pacific Gyre. Both modes are associated with temperature and rainfall anomalies over the continental regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Besides the leading mode which is related to well known warmer/cooler and drier/moister conditions due to its relationship with ENSO and the IPO, an inspection of the extratropical mode indicates that it is associated with distinct patterns of sea level pressure and surface temperature advection. These relationships are used here as plausible and partial explanations to the observed warming trend observed within the Southern Hemisphere during the last decades.The authors would like to thank Scott Power for his comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and the two anonymous reviewers whose suggestions led to a substantial improvement of the paper. This study was supported by Grants UBACyT-20020100100803, UBACyT-20020120300051, PIP-11220120100586 and the SPECS (GA 308378) EU-funded Project. JG-S was partially supported by the H2020-funded MSCA-IF-EF DPETNA project (GA No. 655339). The authors acknowledge the Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and PRACE for awarding access to MareNostrum 3 at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center through the HiResClim project. The support of Virginie Guémas and Oriol Mula-Valls at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center is warmly appreciated.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Non-annular, hemispheric signature of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation

Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) without a proper stratosphere are performed to locally force a North Atlantic oscillation (NAO)-like response in order to analyse the tropospheric dynamics involved in its hemispheric extent. Results show that the circulation anomalies are not confined to the North Atlantic basin not even within the first 10 days of integration, where the atmospheric response propagates downstream into the westerly jets. At this linear stage, transient-eddy activity dominates the emerging, regional NAO- like pattern while zonal-eddy coupling may add on top of the wave energy propagation. Later at the quasi-equilibrium nonlinear stage, the atmospheric response emphasizes a wavenumber-5 structure embedded in the westerly jets, associated with transient-eddy feedback upon the Atlantic and Pacific storm-tracks. This AGCM waveguided structure rightly projects on the observational NAO-related circumglobal pattern, providing evidence of its non-annular character in the troposphere. These findings support the view on the importance of the circumglobal waveguide pattern on the development of NAO-related anomalies at hemispheric level. It could help to settle a consensus view of the Arctic Oscillation, which has been elusive so far.This work has been partially supported by the CANON Foundation in Europe (Grant 2011-062). JG-S was partially supported by the H2020-funded MSCA-IF-EF DPETNA project (GA No. 655339). Thanks to Mashiro Watanabe and Masato Mori (AORI, University of Tokyo) for useful discussions in the early stages of this study. Thanks also to Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes (BSC, Spain) and Pablo Zurita-Gotor (UCM, Spain) for their help during the review process. Technical support at BSC (Computational Earth Sciences group) is sincerely acknowledged. The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their encouragement and helpful suggestions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Pyroxenites and Megacrysts From Alkaline Melts of the Calatrava Volcanic Field (Central Spain): Inferences From Trace Element Geochemistry and Sr-Nd Isotope Composition

Alkaline volcanic rocks from explosive monogenetic centers often carry an unusual cargo of crystals and rock fragments, which may provide valuable constraints on magma source, ascent and eruption. One of such examples is the Cenozoic Calatrava Volcanic Field in central Spain, a still poorly explored area to address these issues. Clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite appear either as megacryst/phenocrysts or forming fine-grained cumulates (pyroxenite enclaves s.l.) in some eruptive centers of this volcanic field. They have previously been interpreted as cogenetic high-P minerals formed within the upper lithospheric mantle. The presence of Fe-Na-rich green and Mg-Cr-rich colorless clinopyroxene types as phenocryst cores or as oscillatory zoned crystals in pyroxenite enclaves points to a complex evolution of mineral fractionates from petrogenetically related magmas. In trace element chemistry all studied clinopyroxene types show parallel rare earth element patterns irrespective of whether they are megacrysts, colorless or green core phenocrysts, or zoned crystals within pyroxenite cumulates. This similarity indicates a genetic relationship between all the fractionated minerals. This is in agreement with the overlapping of initial 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of pyroxenite enclaves (0.512793–0.512885 and 0.703268–0.703778) that is within the chemical field of the host magmas and the Calatrava volcanics. The initial 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of megacrystic clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite show a more restricted range (0.512832–0.512890 and 0.703217–0.703466), also falling within the isotopic composition of the Calatrava volcanic rocks. Deep magmatic systems beneath monogenetic volcanic fields involve several stages of melt accumulation, fractionation and contamination at variable depths. Trace element and isotope mineral chemistry are powerful tools to understand the history of ascent and stagnation of alkaline basaltic magmas and discriminate between magma mixing, wall-rock contamination and closed magmatic system evolution. In our study, we establish a cogenetic origin for green and colorless clinopyroxene as high-pressure precipitates from liquids of different fractionation degrees (up to 80%, for the highly evolved melts equilibrated with the green clinopyroxene), originated from a highly solidified front of silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas at mantle reservoirs

Multi-model assessment of the late-winter extra-tropical response to El Niño and La Nñna

El Ni˜no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural phenomenon in the tropical Pacific and the dominant mode of climate variability on interannual timescales. The first term, El Ni˜no, refers to a recurring warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean (every 2-7 years), while the opposite phase, an anomalous cooling, is called La Ni˜na. These variations in sea surface temperature (SST) are accompanied by changes in the tropical atmospheric circulation (Southern Oscillation), thus making ENSO a coupled phenomenon involving ocean-atmosphere interactions. Furthermore, ENSO can affect climate in regions far from the tropical Pacific, producing a cascade of global impacts through so-called ‘teleconnections’. Understanding the extra-tropical impacts of ENSO is important to improve seasonal forecasts, for which it represents the most important source of predictability. In the North Atlantic-European (NAE) sector, the ENSO teleconnection is still controversial in several aspects. A first cornerstone was set in a review by Br¨onnimann (2007) [1], who concluded that a robust, ‘canonical’ ENSO signal exists over the NAE region in late winter (January to March, JFM): a dipole in sea-level pressure (SLP) with centers over the midlatitude and high-latitude North Atlantic. While Br¨onnimann described this pattern as “close to symmetric” for El Ni˜no and La Ni˜na, recent studies deliver contradictory results, with some reporting a symmetric signal (e.g. [2] [3] [4]) and others claiming asymmetry (e.g. [5] [6] [7]). The actual linearity of the ENSO-NAE teleconnection thus remains unresolved, and addressing this issue is the primary objective of this study. We will also investigate another key aspect of the ENSONAE teleconnection that is nothing but settled: the dynamical mechanism leading to the ‘canonical’ SLP dipole. The underlying idea of this study is to use idealized experiments with atmospheric models forced by symmetric anomalous SST patterns representing El Ni˜no and La Ni˜na to diagnose symmetries and asymmetries in the extra-tropical response. A multi-model approach is used, as the experiments analyzed here are run with the same protocol using three stateof- the-art models. We aim not only at diagnosing asymmetries in the extra-tropical ENSO-related SLP signal, but also at understanding their cause by examining all the steps involved in the atmospheric response, starting from the tropical Pacific

Measuring Online Political Dialogue: Does Polarization Trigger More Deliberation?

In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing consolidation of different realms where citizens can deliberate and discuss a variety of topics of general interest, including politics. The comments on news posts in online media are a good example. The first theoretical contributions called attention to the potential of those spaces to build a healthy (civic and participatory) public sphere, going much deeper in the process of political dialogue and deliberation (Fung, Gilman, & Shkabatur, 2013; Lilleker & Jackson, 2008; O’Reilly, 2005; Stromer-Galley & Wichowski, 2011). Polarization has been configured as a constant feature of the quality of the mentioned dialogues, particularly in Mediterranean countries (polarized pluralists’ cases). One of the research challenges at the moment has to do with the scrutiny of polarization within the political deliberation provoked by news stories. The goal of this article is the analysis of political dialogue from the perspective of the polarization in the increasingly popular network YouTube, which is presenting very particular characteristics. Using a sample of almost 400,000 posted comments about diverse topics (climate change, the Catalonian crisis, and Political parties’ electoral ads) we propose an automated method in order to measure polarization. Our hypothesis is that the number of comments (quantitative variable) is positively related to their polarization (qualitative variable). We will also include in the examination information about the ideological editorial line of newspapers, the type of topic under discussion, the amount of traceable dialogue, etc. We propose an index to (1) measure the polarization of each comment and use it to show how this value has behaved over time; and (2) verify the hypothesis using the average polarization of comments for each video

Exploring the relation between the structure strategy and source attention in single expository text comprehension: a cross-sectional study in secondary education

[EN] Organisational signals and sources can be considered metatextual cues that guide the processing of the discourse. Organisational signals encourage readers to use the structure strategy, while source information reveals the epistemic and formal properties of texts. This study addressed three gaps in prior research about these topics: (1) whether organisational signals were useful for 12–14/14–16-year-old students reading causal and sequential texts, (2) the role of sources in single-text understanding, and (3) the relationship between sensitivity to organisational signals (rhetori cal competence) and attention to sources. Participants read causal and sequential texts with or without these metatextual cues and wrote a summary. Summary quality was considered an indicator of understanding and using the structure strategy. The number of sources translated into the summaries was considered an indicator of source attention. The results indicated that (1) organisational signals had an efect on summary quality in both age groups and texts; (2) sources did not afect summary quality, but when participants read signalled texts, the number of sources mentioned made a unique contribution to summary quality beyond decoding, general reading comprehension and rhetorical competence; and (3) the number of sources mentioned correlated with rhetorical competence among participants who read the signalled texts. These results suggest that 12–16-year-old students need the aid of organisational signals to launch the structure strategy with causal and sequential texts and that sources may be more useful in combination with organisational signals, but only for students with some level of rhetorical competence, illustrating the intricacy of literacy development.Organisational signals and sources can be considered metatextual cues that guide the processing of the discourse. Organisational signals encourage readers to use the structure strategy, while source information reveals the epistemic and formal properties of texts. This study addressed three gaps in prior research about these topics: (1) whether organisational signals were useful for 12–14/14–16-year-old students reading causal and sequential texts, (2) the role of sources in single-text understanding, and (3) the relationship between sensitivity to organisational signals (rhetorical competence) and attention to sources. Participants read causal and sequential texts with or without these metatextual cues and wrote a summary. Summary quality was considered an indicator of understanding and using the structure strategy. The number of sources translated into the summaries was considered an indicator of source attention. The results indicated that (1) organisational signals had an efect on summary quality in both age groups and texts; (2) sources did not afect summary quality, but when participants read signalled texts, the number of sources mentioned made a unique contribution to summary quality beyond decoding, general reading comprehension and rhetorical competence; and (3) the number of sources mentioned correlated with rhetorical competence among participants who read the signalled texts. These results suggest that 12–16-year-old students need the aid of organisational signals to launch the structure strategy with causal and sequential texts and that sources may be more useful in combination with organisational signals, but only for students with some level of rhetorical competence, illustrating the intricacy of literacy development.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE

Creencias sobre la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la etnia Wixarika del occidente de México

Introduction. There is a series of changes in the lifestyle of indigenous peoples that are caused by the processes of urbanization and westernization, which have generated modifications in the epidemiological profile of the people. These changes are an explanation to diseases that didn’t exist before in ethnic groups, such as the case of diabetes in the Wixarika people. Methodology. Exhaustive interviews were made, and from transcription they were codified with the aid of the Atlas-ti program. Subsequently, categories for interpretation and theorization were formulated. Results. Wixarika people were found to consider diabetes as a disease that belongs to mestizos and not to them, since this malady arrived to their communities along with the processes of modernization and the Western culture. Therefore, their marakames (curanderos) can’t heal it and only a mestizo physician can treat it. Conclusion. From the incorporation of the Wixarika people into the global processes, some cultural elements have been modified, such as the ways to produce food, eating and doing physical activity. Therefore, diseases like diabetes type II come up in their communities.Introducción. Existen una serie de cambios en los modos de vida de los pueblos originarios causados por procesos de urbanización y occidentalización que han generado modificaciones en el perfil epidemiológico, que explican las enfermedades que antes no existían en la etnia como es la diabetes. Metodología. Se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad, las cuales, a partir de la transcripción, se codificaron con ayuda del programa Atlas-ti, posteriormente se formaron categorías para su interpretación y teorización. Resultados. Se encontró que los Wixaritari consideran a la diabetes como una enfermedad que es del mestizo y no propia de su cultura, porque este padecimiento llegó a sus comunidades con los procesos de modernización y la cultura occidental, por lo que sus curanderos (Marakames) no la pueden curar, únicamente el médico mestizo la puede tratar. Conclusión. A partir de la incorporación del pueblo Wixárika a los procesos globales se han modificado elementos culturales como las formas de producir alimentos, de comer y de realizar actividad física y a consecuencia se presentan enfermedades que antes no existían en sus comunidades como la diabetes

Speaker diarization and speech recognition in the semi-automatization of audio description : an exploratory study on future possibilities?

This article presents an overview of the technological components used in the process of audio description, and suggests a new scenario in which speech recognition, machine translation, and text-to-speech, with the corresponding human revision, could be used to increase audio description provision. The article focuses on a process in which both speaker diarization and speech recognition are used in order to obtain a semi-automatic transcription of the audio description track. The technical process is presented and experimental results are summarizedEste artículo presenta una visión panorámica de los componentes tecnológicos usados en el proceso de audiodescripción y propone un nuevo escenario en el que se aplicarían el reconocimiento de habla, la traducción automática y la síntesis de habla, con su correspondiente revisión humana, para incrementar la cantidad de audiodescripciones disponibles. El artículo describe un proceso en el que la diarización y el reconocimiento de habla permiten obtener una transcripción semiautomática de la audiodescripción. El artículo presenta detalladamente el proceso técnico así como un resumen de los resultados experimentales.- In a second languag