Biología en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud: evaluación de los aprendizajes

El contenido de la asignatura de Biología, ayuda a comprender el origen celular y molecular de numerosos procesos biológicos y de diversas enfermedades y patologías que resultan de particular interés en Ciencias de la salud. De este modo el alumno comprende la estructura morfo funcional de la célula procariota y eucariota como unidad elemental de vida, su especialización funcional y su interrelación como parte de estructuras más amplias (tejidos, órganos, sistemas...). El desarrollo de esta asignatura y su metodología a través de seminarios, prácticas exposiciones y clases presenciales teóricas, amplía los conocimientos científicos generales e intentará motivar y predisponer al alumno para mantener una actitud receptiva y positiva frente a los nuevos conocimientos científicos, los avances tecnológicos de gran importancia para el profesional de la salud y manteniendo siempre unos valores de respeto a la vida y al entorno que nos rodea. Así, en este trabajo se plasma la metodología docente seguida en la asignatura de Biología para atender al alumnado de ciencias de la saluda sí como los sistemas de evaluación empleados para valorar el aprendizaje del alumnado

Assessment of techno-functional and sensory attributes of tiger nut fresh egg tagliatelle

[EN] This work aims to evaluate the effect of tiger nut flour -TNF- (rich in insoluble fiber, minerals and lipids of healthy fatty acid profile) incorporation on the techno-functional and sensory attributes of durum wheat fresh egg tagliatelle. Durum wheat semolina was replaced by 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) of TNF and the resultant tiger nut tagliatelles were compared to traditional pasta (100% durum semolina). The maximum substitution level was chosen in order to obtain tagliatelle with fair techno-functional properties and acceptable sensory quality. In addition, the 30% substitution level assures a product with more than 3% of fiber content. The cooking properties, texture, colour attributes, sensory profile and water uptake kinetics of tagliatelle were evaluated. The proximate chemical composition and particle size distribution of raw materials was assessed as well. The higher cooking loss, water absorption ratios and swelling indexes associated with higher substitution levels of TNF resulted in a darker and stickier product, with a lower firmness, hardness and cohesive structure. The overall acceptability of tiger nut pasta depends more on visual and textural characteristics than on taste. No significant changes on the initial water absorption rate during cooking were observed between the control and tiger nut pasta. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Authors would like to thank the Conselleria de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia (Spain) for financial support throughout the project AICO/2016/056. Also, authors express sincere thanks to Harinas Villamayor S.A., Tigernuts Traders, S.L. and Avicola Llombai S.A. for providing raw materials for conducting this study.Albors, A.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; García-Martínez, MD.; Martín-Esparza, M. (2016). Assessment of techno-functional and sensory attributes of tiger nut fresh egg tagliatelle. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 74:183-190. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.047S1831907

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Growth of F. sporotrichioides and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Treatments with Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Films Containing Pure Components of Essential Oils

The efficacy of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer films (EVOH) incorporating the essential oil components cinnamaldehyde (CINHO), citral (CIT), isoeugenol (IEG), or linalool (LIN) to control growth rate (GR) and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium sporotrichioides cultured on oat grains under different temperature (28, 20, and 15 °C) and water activity (aw) (0.99 and 0.96) regimes was assayed. GR in controls/treatments usually increased with increasing temperature, regardless of aw, but no significant differences concerning aw were found. Toxin production decreased with increasing temperature. The effectiveness of films to control fungal GR and toxin production was as follows: EVOH-CIT > EVOH-CINHO > EVOH-IEG > EVOH-LIN. With few exceptions, effective doses of EVOH-CIT, EVOH-CINHO, and EVOH-IEG films to reduce/inhibit GR by 50%, 90%, and 100% (ED50, ED90, and ED100) ranged from 515 to 3330 µg/culture in Petri dish (25 g oat grains) depending on film type, aw, and temperature. ED90 and ED100 of EVOH-LIN were >3330 µg/fungal culture. The potential of several machine learning (ML) methods to predict F. sporotrichioides GR and T-2 and HT-2 toxin production under the assayed conditions was comparatively analyzed. XGBoost and random forest attained the best performance, support vector machine and neural network ranked third or fourth depending on the output, while multiple linear regression proved to be the worst

School administrator preparation in Baja California

A team of US and Mexican researchers used focus groups to determine challenges faced by rural school directors who worked in isolated, poor communities. They had no preparation before becoming directors. Their stories express frustration with teachers who do not come to school on time and are not committed to education. Yet the directors throw themselves into their work and persist over the years. They ask for training in how to work with teachers, and they bring qualities of idealism and persistence to their work. The profiles of the directors suggest a changing dynamic on Hofstede's (2001) cultural dimension

Collaborative elicitation to select a sustainable biogas desulfurization technique for landfills

[EN] The 2015 Paris Agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change establishes three key ways for the reduction of the emissions of Greenhouse Effect Gases: mitigation, adaptation and resilience of ecosystems. In this context, one of the major goals for methane recovery from waste is the process of obtaining biogas from biomass or waste, a form of fuel with zero impact on the carbon footprint of the planet. All possible uses of biogas depend mainly on the degree of purification obtained. The removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the main weakness in using biogas in industrial applications. If the use of biogas is intended for engines, turbines or to enrich the biogas to obtain natural gas, lowering the levels of H2S will be necessary, in order to avoid corrosion in gas lines and in engines. Biogas desulfurization can be achieved through different techniques: physical, chemical, biological or hybrid procedures. Selecting the most sustainable technique to clean biogas entails a complex problem, which involves the analysis of these desulfurization treatments under different criteria. In this paper, we present a novel collaborative elicitation to select the consensus procedure for the reduction of the concentration of H2S in biogases from landfills. The elicitation technique is based on fuzzy set theory and VIKOR method in order to handle intangible data and to avoid potential bias by the panelists. The proposed hybrid method guarantees traceability and transparency to achieve consensus among the panel of experts during the decision making procedure.Curiel-Esparza, J.; Reyes-Medina, M.; Martín Utrillas, MG.; Martínez-García, MP.; Canto-Perello, J. (2019). Collaborative elicitation to select a sustainable biogas desulfurization technique for landfills. Journal of Cleaner Production. 212:1334-1344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.095S1334134421

Effect of the prefermentative addition of copigments on the polyphenolic composition of Tempranillo wines after malolactic fermentation

[EN] The influence of the prefermentative addition of copigments and different winemaking technologies on the polyphenolic composition of Tempranillo red wines after malolactic fermentation was studied. Six experiments dealing with the prefermentative addition of caffeic acid, rutin, (+) catechin, white grape skin tannin, white grape seed tannin and control wines were realised. Three different winemaking technologies (traditional vinification, prefermentative cold maceration at 6-8 A degrees C and cold soak at 0-2 A degrees C with dry ice) were studied. Prefermentative addition of copigments increases anthocyanin copigmentation reactions and produces wines with a greater colour, a higher anthocyanin concentration, a superior contribution of anthocyanins to the colour of the wine, a superior percentage of tannins polymerised with polysaccharides and less astringency. Cold prefermentative maceration increases the extraction of polyphenols, the anthocyanin copigmentation reactions and the polymerisation reactions between tannins and polysaccharides. The effectiveness of the combination of copigments and prefermentative maceration treatments was demonstrated by the increase of the concentration of the polyphenolic compounds.The experimental reporter here is a first part of a project financially supported by the Science and Technology Minister from Spanish Government ( AGL 2006-10723-C02-02) which the authors gratefully acknowledgeAlvarez Cano, MI.; Aleixandre Benavent, JL.; García Esparza, MJ.; Lizama Abad, V.; Aleixandre Tudo, J. (2009). Effect of the prefermentative addition of copigments on the polyphenolic composition of Tempranillo wines after malolactic fermentation. European Food Research and Technology. 228(4):501-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-008-0957-0S501510228

La fauna nativa de México en riesgo y la NOM-059: ¿Están todos los que son y son todos los que están?

The Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 (NOM-059) is the Mexican legal instrument that identifies species or populations at risk throug the use of the Método de Evaluación de Riesgo de Extinción de Especies Silvestres de México (MER). From its first promulgation in 1994, the NOM-059 has been used as a reference to assess the conservation status, and as a tool on national environmental policies; however, it has been questioned for the lack of scientific criteria. We assess the relevance of the NOM-059 as a tool to assess the conservation status of Mexican native species by utilizing the mammals as a case study. More than 40% of native mammals are included in the list, though only 10% of the listed species had been evaluated with the MER, and have technical support to justify their inclusion. In most cases, criteria used to determine the species inclusion are unknown, in the other cases the criteria are contradictory with the objectives and methods stablished in the NOM-059. Non-endemic mammals are overrepresented in the list, while the extinction risk of the endemic mammals is underestimated.The evidence shows that in its current form the NOM-059 it is not an adequate tool to assess the species conservation status. Finally, we list a series of recommendations that would improve NOM-059 and strengthen conservation efforts in Mexico. Resumen. La Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 (NOM-059) es el instrumento normativo que identifica las especies o poblaciones de México en riesgo mediante la aplicación del Método de Evaluación de Riesgo de Extinción de Especies Silvestres de México (MER). Desde su primera publicación en 1994 la Norma ha sido usada como referencia para evaluar el estado de conservación y como herramienta en las políticas ambientales nacionales; sin embargo, ha sido fuertemente cuestionada por la aparente falta de criterios científicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la pertinencia del uso de la NOM-059 como referencia del estado de conservación de las especies nativas de México utilizando a los mamíferos como caso de estudio. Más del 40% de los mamíferos nativos de México están incluidos, pero solo el 10% del total de especies listadas se han evaluado con el MER; solo estas especies cuentan con soporte técnico que justifique su inclusión. En la mayoría de los casos los criterios empleados para determinar la inclusión se desconocen, pero en algunos casos son incluso contradictorios a los objetivos y metodología establecidos en la misma Norma. Los resultados sugieren que los mamíferos no endémicos están sobrerrepresentados en la NOM-059, mientras que el riesgo de extinción de los mamíferos endémicos está subestimado. La evidencia pone de manifiesto que en su forma actual la NOM-059 no es la herramienta adecuada para evaluar el estado de conservación. Finalmente, presentamos una serie de  recomendaciones que consideramos contribuyen a mejorar la NOM-059 y así fortalecer los esfuerzos de conservación del país.

Factores que determinan en los estudiantes internacionales la selección de una universidad destino: un abordaje desde la literatura

México, según Gacel Avila (2009), posee poderosas razones para impulsar la internacionalización de la educación superior como las cuestiones económicas y políticas, y las culturales y educativas; sin embargo, la movilidad estudiantil internacional en las Instituciones de Educación Superior de México (IES), ha sido poco estudiada a pesar de que resulta ser un tema de importancia. Según Marigne (2009), la internacionalización tiene como preocupación el asegurar que los estudiantes y el personal tuvieran algo de experiencia para trabajar o estudiar en otro país como parte de su proceso de preparación para titulación. En este sentido, el presente artículo aborda los factores determinantes que influyen en la decisión de los estudiantes internacionales en la selección de universidad destino al realizar un intercambio académico en el extranjero a través de la revisión de la diferente literatura que ha abordado el tema alrededor del mundo, pretendiendo generar un acercamiento al abordaje de este tema en México. Mexico, according to Gacel Avila (2009), has powerful reasons to promote the internationalization of higher education as economic and political issues, as well as cultural and educational; however, international student mobility in the Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Mexico has been little studied in spite of being an important issue. According to Marigne (2009), internationalization is concern ensuring that students and staff had some experience to work or study in another country as part of its process of preparation for University degree. In these sense, this article discusses the determinants that influence the decision international students’ university selection when performing an academic exchange abroad through a review of the different literature that has addressed the issue around the world, pretending to generate an approach of this topic in Mexico

Generación de recursos audiovisuales para la realización de medidas antropométricas en sujetos diagnosticados con obesidad

Objetivo: La valoración antropométrica es muy utilizada en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las personas con obesidad, aunque la toma de algunas mediciones antropométricas presenta dificultades por el propio morfotipo de la persona y la inexistencia de normas estandarizadas. El objetivo del presente documento fue generar recursos audiovisuales sobre como realizar mediciones corporales en sujetos con obesidad para complementar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre los índices de salud y mediciones corporales más adecuados para aplicar a sujetos con obesidad. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo sobre la generación de material audiovisual basado en mediciones posibles y relevantes para el estudio antropométrico en sujetos con obesidad. Se tomaron fotografías y grabaciones en vídeo de dichas mediciones aplicadas en un voluntario de cada sexo con obesidad. Resultados: El material audiovisual consta de nueve medidas antropométricas entre las que se encuentran cuatro pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, subescapular, submandibular y cresta iliaca), 4 perímetros (brazo relajado, cintura, umbilical y cadera) y un diámetro (antero-posterior del abdomen). Conclusión: Existe controversia acerca del protocolo de medición del perímetro de cintura, abdominal y diámetro sagital del abdomen, en personas con obesidad ya que los puntos anatómicos de referencia varían de unos estudios a otros, creando confusión. Por tanto, el material audiovisual creado es novedoso, útil para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las mediciones antropométricas y usable tanto en el ámbito académico como en la práctica clínica diaria.Aim: Anthropometric assessment is widely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of people with obesity, although taking some anthropometric measurements presents difficulties due to the person's own morphotype and the non-existence of standardised norms. The aim is to generate, evaluate and standardise audiovisual resources on body measurements in subjects with obesity to complement the knowledge of health professionals on the most appropriate health indices and body measurements to apply to subjects with obesity.Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study on the generation of audiovisual material based on possible and relevant measurements for the anthropometric and nutritional study in patients with obesity. Photographs and video recordings were taken of these measurements applied to a volunteer of each sex with the weight or percentage of fat mass typical of obesity. Results: The audiovisual material consists of 5 data sheets of the selected anthropometric measurements (relaxed and contracted arm girth, A-P abdominal depth, waist girth, umbilical girth, and hips girth). Conclusion: There is controversy about the protocol for measuring waist circumference, abdominal circumference and sagittal diameter of the abdomen in people with obesity, as the anatomical reference points vary from one study to another, creating confusion. Therefore, the audiovisual material created is innovative, useful for teaching and learning anthropometric measurements and usable both in the academic environment and in daily clinical practice

Prevención de consumo de drogas y fortalecimiento de conductas saludables en jóvenes de preparatoria

El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad del programa de prevención del consumo de drogas en jóvenes de preparatoria de una universidad pública de Nuevo León. El diseño fue cuasiexperimental (un grupo experimental n=52 y un grupo control n=31). En el grupo experimental el autorreporte presentó que el consumo de alcohol disminuyó de la primera (40.4%) a la segunda medición (21.2%), (X2=24.59, p=.001). El consumo de tabaco disminuyó de pretest=36.5% a post=15.4% (X2=10.38, p=.002), el consumo de drogas ilícitas fue nulo. La autoeficacia se incrementó de Me=49.94, a Me=51.38, (t=-2.145, p=.037). El autoestima no presentó diferencia (p>.05). El grupo control no presentó diferencia de consumo de alcohol y drogas ilícitas, de autoestima y autoeficaci