Localización por imagen de alta resolución del sistema cannabinoide endógeno en la mitocondria del músculo estriado de roedor

96 p.El sistema endocannabinoide es un sistema modulador versátil que se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en el sistema nervioso central (Chevaleyre y cols., 2006; Mackie, 2008; Heifets y Castillo, 2009; Kano y cols., 2009; Castillo y cols., 2012; Kano, 2014). Este sistema está compuesto por los cannabinoides endógenos o endocannabinoides (los principales son la anandamida y 2-araquidonil-glicerol-2-AG) que activan los mismos receptores de cannabinoides que los componentes psicoactivos del cannabis, así como los enzimas de síntesis y degradación de los endocannabinoides (Howlett y cols., 2002; Freund y cols., 2003; Mackie, 2008; Pertwee y cols., 2010) y los sistemas de transporte selectivos, como el recientemente identificado para anandamida (Fu y cols., 2011). Muchos de los efectos de los cannabinoides y endocannabinoides están mediados por los receptores CB1 y CB2 unidos a proteínas G de carácter inhibidor (Gi y Go), habiendo además otros receptores como el GPR55 activado por endocannabinoides (Ryberg y cols., 2007; Mackie, 2008; Pertwee y cols., 2010), o el receptor TRPV1 (Micale y cols., 2009).Los receptores CB1 también están presentes en órganos periféricos, como el músculo esquelético, hígado, páncreas o grasa, donde participan en las funciones celulares y en el metabolismo energético (Piomelli, 2003; Silvestri y Di Marzo, 2013); de tal manera, la deficiencia genética o el bloqueo farmacológico de los receptores CB1 tiene un efecto beneficioso en ciertas alteraciones metabólicas, tales como la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico (Vickers y cols., 2003; Pagotto y cols., 2006; Nam y cols., 2012; Silvestri y Di Marzo, 2013). Por otra parte, datos recientes obtenidos en nuestro laboratorio han demostrado la existencia de CB1 en membranas de mitocondrias de neuronas del hipocampo de ratón, cuya activación regula la respiración celular y la producción de energía (Benard et al., 2012). Sin embargo, se desconoce si CB1 está localizado en mitocondrias de la periferia. En base a estos antecedentes, nuestra hipótesis sostiene que los receptores CB1 distribuidos en órganos periféricos podrían estar localizados en las mitocondrias del músculo, al igual que ocurre en el cerebro. El objetivo de este Proyecto de Tesis Doctoral es investigar la existencia de CB1 y de elementos clave del sistema endocannabinoide en mitocondrias del músculo estriado, un órgano en el que este sistema ha sido identificado (Crespillo et al., 2011). Con este fin, utilizaremos anticuerpos altamente específicos frente a CB1 y proteínas relacionadas en combinación con un método de preinclusión de inmuno-oro intensificado con plata. La visualización de la localización proteica será por medio de técnicas de imagen de alta resolución. Los tejidos a estudiar serán los músculos estriados gastrocnemio, abdominal y cardiaco extraídos tras la perfusión transcardiaca de una solución fijadora a ratones silvestres (CB1-WT) y mutantes que carecen constitutivamente del gen que codifica CB1 (CB1-KO). Si se confirma la hipótesis de partida, los datos anatómicos de este trabajo Doctoral permitirán a posteriori determinar si la presencia de CB1 en mitocondrias musculares participa en la regulación intracelular del metabolismo, a través del control de las funciones mitocondriales

Auscultación y prevención de mecanismos secundarios de colapso en puentes históricos en ruinas mediante el uso de valores métricos obtenidos de fotografías de archivo y el análisis geométrico del intradós

This text describes a methodology for the geometric monitoring of abandoned bridges. In order to define the actual state and to monitor the evolution over time it is proposed the use of digital elevation models of the intrados and archival photographs. On the one hand, the digital elevation models might jointly notice the presence of a varied range of conditions in a simple way; therefore, no prior knowledge regarding the active dynamics of the bridge is necessary and, thus, it is a valuable option for preliminary studies, in which only scarce information on this regard is available. On the other hand, the usefulness of stock photographs is analyzed too, in particular, showing the evolution of the case study through the comparison of images taken 50 and 30 years ago.El presente texto describe una metodología de control geométrico adaptada a puentes abandonados. Para el establecimiento del estado actual y monitorización de las dinámicas se propone, por un lado, el uso de modelos digitales de elevaciones del intradós del arco ya que este producto permite reflejar de manera conjunta la presencia de un variado elenco de afecciones de una manera sencilla. Por consiguiente, no resulta necesario disponer de un conocimiento previo detallado sobre los mecanismos activos en el puente, resultando una opción apropiada para estudios iniciales en los que la información a este respecto es escasa. Por otro lado, se analiza el valor de las fotografías antiguas para trazar procesos que se desarrollan durante periodos largos de tiempo, en concreto, se muestra como ejemplo la evolución a través de la comparación con fotografías de hace 50 y 30 años

Auscultación y prevención de mecanismos secundarios de colapso en puentes históricos en ruinas mediante el uso de valores métricos obtenidos de fotografías de archivo y el análisis geométrico del intradós

[EN] This text describes a methodology for the geometric monitoring of abandoned bridges. In order to define the actual state and to monitor the evolution over time it is proposed the use of digital elevation models of the intrados and archival photographs. On the one hand, the digital elevation models might jointly notice the presence of a varied range of conditions in a simple way; therefore, no prior knowledge regarding the active dynamics of the bridge is necessary and, thus, it is a valuable option for preliminary studies, in which only scarce information on this regard is available. On the other hand, the usefulness of stock photographs is analyzed too, in particular, showing the evolution of the case study through the comparison of images taken 50 and 30 years ago.[ES] El presente texto describe una metodología de control geométrico adaptada a puentes abandonados. Para el establecimiento del estado actual y monitorización de las dinámicas se propone, por un lado, el uso de modelos digitales de elevaciones del intradós del arco ya que este producto permite reflejar de manera conjunta la presencia de un variado elenco de afecciones de una manera sencilla. Por consiguiente, no resulta necesario disponer de un conocimiento previo detallado sobre los mecanismos activos en el puente, resultando una opción apropiada para estudios iniciales en los que la información a este respecto es escasa. Por otro lado, se analiza el valor de las fotografías antiguas para trazar procesos que se desarrollan durante periodos largos de tiempo, en concreto, se muestra como ejemplo la evolución a través de la comparación con fotografías de hace 50 y 30 años

Biomarkers in Ovarian Pathology: From Screening to Diagnosis. Review of the Literature.

Background: Ovarian cancer has a low incidence, but high mortality due to a habitual diagnosis in advanced cancer stages. Currently, used biomarkers have good sensitivity, but low specificity. Aim: To determine the usefulness of the biomarkers and algorithms used up to now in the screening, diagnosis, response to treatments and identification of recurrence in patients with ovarian masses. Methodology: Systematic search of publications in English in the Medline-PubMed database with the terms: “biomarkers”, “tumour”, “tumour biomarkers”, “marker”, “tumour marker”, “ovarian cancer”, “ovarian”, “Neoplasms”, “cancer”, CA-125 Antigen; Human Epididymis-specific Protein E4; Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI); Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA); Ovarian Neoplasms. Original articles, clinical trials, reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, published between January 2000 and November 2020, were selected to determine the usefulness (among others) of CA 125 and HE4 antigen in ovarian cancer. Results: Finally, 39 transcendental publications were selected to write this article to determine the usefulness of tumour markers and algorithms in ovarian cancer. Conclusions: The usefulness of the tumour markers antigen CA125 and antigen HE4 individually or as a basis for decision-making algorithms has low specificity; however, there is little evidence that confirms their usefulness as markers in ovarian cancer screening.post-print723 K

Cost-effective upgrading of biomass pyrolysis oil using activated dolomite as a basic catalyst

This study deals with a continuous process on a calcined dolomite operating at atmospheric pressure and by cofeeding water for cost-effective upgrading of raw bio-oil at 400 °C and 500 °C. The distribution of carbon in the feed to the product fractions (gas and upgraded bio-oil) and to the dolomite (as CO2 captured and coke) was investigated with time on stream, as well as the evolution of the gas and the upgraded bio-oil composition. Acids and high-molecular weight phenols were completely removed from the raw bio-oil for 0.5 h time on stream, with the upgraded bio-oil being mainly composed of ketones (acetone, 2-butanone and cyclopentanones). Chromatographic analyses of the reaction products were combined with analysis of the dolomite characteristics by thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results are explained on the basis of possible reaction mechanisms on the dolomite basic sites (CaO, Ca(OH)2 and MgO) and the extent of dolomite carbonation with adsorbed CO2. Composition of the upgraded bio-oil makes it suitable for further catalytic valorization for obtaining fuels and chemicals, such as H2 (by steam reforming) and aromatic hydrocarbons (by dual-stage hydrogenation- cracking processes).This work was carried out with the financial support of the Department of Education Universities and Investigation of the Basque Government (IT2018-19), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government jointly with European Regional Development Funds (AEI/FEDER, UE) (Project CTQ2015- 68883-R), the European Commission (HORIZON H2020-MSCA-RISE- 2018, Contract No. 823745), and PhD grant (BES-2016-078132) for N. García-Gómez

Evolución del community manager en las pymes del País Vasco y Navarra

Evolution of the community manager in small enterprises of the Basque Country and Navarre. The evolution of the community manager profession is studied in enterprises located within the Basque Country and Navarre, Spain. This professional position has been analyzed previously, but not within specific regions. The investigation was conducted in two stages: the first one in 2013 when this new professional position started appearing in enterprises, and the second one in 2017. Using a survey that was administered to 164 enterprises located in the Spanish autonomous commu-nities of the Basque Country and Navarre, and using the Delphi method, we found that the community manager position existed at the majority of enterprises. However, the characteristics/features of the positions have undergone some changes over the past four years: salaries have improved; professionals have more experience; they work in teams that include su-pporting professionals; and they have higher budgets for the strategies used in social networks

Procesos de investigación-acción en aprendizaje y servicio solidario: percepciones de los protagonistas pedagógicos en el proyecto Hiri Lagunkoiak

Friendly Cities for everyone (4All): action-research in urban accessibility through OpenStreetMap is a service learning project to promote civic awareness in the right of accessibility, already carried out by more than 1000 teenagers and/or people with reduced mobility in The Basque Country. In this article we share a qualitative analysis of their perceptions, from their research role in their commitment to the transformation of the environment. Given the results offered in relation to social challenge, learning and service, we propose a synthesis of interaction between the continuum of perception of their own emotions-values-engagement and their orientation to action, in the co-generation of a competent and inclusive citizenship.Ciudades Amigables para todas las personas: investigación-acción en accesibilidad urbana a través de OpenStreetMap es un proyecto de aprendizaje y servicio solidario para fomentar la conciencia cívica en el derecho de accesibilidad, protagonizado ya por más de 1000 adolescentes y/o personas con movilidad reducida en el País Vasco. En este artículo compartimos un análisis cualitativo de sus percepciones, desde su rol investigador en su compromiso por la transformación del entorno. Dados los resultados ofrecidos en términos de necesidad, de aprendizaje y de servicio, proponemos una síntesis de interacción entre el continuum de percepción de las propias emociones-valores-compromiso y su orientación a la acción, en la cogeneración de una ciudadanía competente y solidaria

Evolución del community manager en las pymes del País Vasco y Navarra

Evolution of the community manager in small enterprises of the Basque Country and Navarre. The evolution of the community manager profession is studied in enterprises located within the Basque Country and Navarre, Spain. This professional position has been analyzed previously, but not within specific regions. The investigation was conducted in two stages: the first one in 2013 when this new professional position started appearing in enterprises, and the second one in 2017. Using a survey that was administered to 164 enterprises located in the Spanish autonomous commu-nities of the Basque Country and Navarre, and using the Delphi method, we found that the community manager position existed at the majority of enterprises. However, the characteristics/features of the positions have undergone some changes over the past four years: salaries have improved; professionals have more experience; they work in teams that include su-pporting professionals; and they have higher budgets for the strategies used in social networks

Oxidative Steam Reforming of Raw Bio-Oil over Supported and Bulk Ni Catalysts for Hydrogen Production

Several Ni catalysts of supported (on La2O3-alpha Al2O3, CeO2, and CeO2-ZrO2) or bulk types (Ni-La perovskites and NiAl2O4 spinel) have been tested in the oxidative steam reforming (OSR) of raw bio-oil, and special attention has been paid to the catalysts' regenerability by means of studies on reaction-regeneration cycles. The experimental set-up consists of two units in series, for the separation of pyrolytic lignin in the first step (at 500 degrees C) and the on line OSR of the remaining oxygenates in a fluidized bed reactor at 700 degrees C. The spent catalysts have been characterized by N-2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction and temperature programmed reduction, and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The results reveal that among the supported catalysts, the best balance between activity-H-2 selectivity-stability corresponds to Ni/La2O3-alpha Al2O3, due to its smaller Ni-0 particle size. Additionally, it is more selective to H-2 than perovskite catalysts and more stable than both perovskites and the spinel catalyst. However, the activity of the bulk NiAl2O4 spinel catalyst can be completely recovered after regeneration by coke combustion at 850 degrees C because the spinel structure is completely recovered, which facilitates the dispersion of Ni in the reduction step prior to reaction. Consequently, this catalyst is suitable for the OSR at a higher scale in reaction-regeneration cycles.This work was carried out with the financial support of the Department of Education Universities and Investigation of the Basque Government (IT748-13), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government jointly with the European Regional Development Funds (AEI/FEDER, UE) (Projects CTQ2012-35263, CTQ2015-68883-R and CTQ2016-79646-P and Ph.D. grant BES-2013-063639 for A. Arandia)

Effect of reaction conditions on the deactivation by coke of a NiAl2O4 spinel derived catalyst in the steam reforming of bio-oil

[EN]The steam reforming of bio-oil is a promising and economically feasible technology for the sustainable H-2 production, yet with the main challenge of designing highly active and stable catalysts. This work aimed to study the deactivation mechanism of a NiAl2O4 spinel derived catalyst, the role of Ni and alumina sites in this mechanism and the appropriate reaction conditions to attenuate deactivation. The reaction tests were carried out in a fluidized bed reactor with prior separation of the pyrolytic lignin. The fresh or used catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed oxidation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. For steam/carbon ratios > 3.0, space time above 0.075 h and temperature between 600-700 degrees C, high initial hydrogen yield is obtained (in the 85-90 % range) with CO yield near 20 %, CH4 yield below 5 % and negligible initial yield of hydrocarbons. The catalyst is more stable at 600 degrees C, with coke formation preferentially located on Ni sites inside the catalyst particle. Increasing the temperature favors the coke development and consequent deposition on the alumina support, leading to a rapid catalyst deactivation because the limited availability of Ni and alumina sites. These results contribute to understand the phenomenon of catalyst deactivation in the steam reforming of bio-oil and set appropriate reaction conditions to mitigate this problem with a NiAl2O4 spinel derived catalyst.This work was carried out with the financial support of the Department of Education, Universities and Investigation of the Basque Government (IT1218-19), theEuropean Commission(HORIZON H2020MSCA RISE 2018. Contract No. 823745), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government jointly with European Regional Development Funds(AEI/FEDER, UE) (Projects CTQ201568883-R and RTI2018-100771-B-I00), and PhD grant (BES-2016078132) for N. Garcia-Gomez. The authors thank for technical and human support provided by SGIker (UPV/EHU/ERDF, EU)