Huelva (1930-1931) : entre la Dictadura y la República

El presente artículo trata de profundizar en un período histórico muy poco conocido de la historia de la provincia de Huelva: la Dictadura del General Dámaso Berenguer (1930-1931). Partiendo de la crisis política que se experimenta en esta etapa, el siguiente trabajo se centrará en el análisis de las diversas reacciones que experimentan los principales focos de oposición a la Dictadura. Nos referimos, fundamentalmente, al papel desempeñado por los estudiantes, los obreros y republicanos cuyas protestas y reivindicaciones se situarán en la antesala de la II República._____________________________The purpose of this article is to do a thorough study of a relatively unknown period in the history of the province of Huelva: the Dictatorship of General Dámaso Berenguer (1930-1031). Using the political crisis undergone during this period as a starting point, this paper will focus mainly on the analysis of different reactions felt by the main focal points of opposition to the Dictatorship. Basically, we are referring to the role played by students, workers and republicans, whose protests and demands took place at the beginning of the Second Republic

El pícaro en la novela la vida inútil de Pito Pérez de José Rúben Romero

El presente trabajo de investigación parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué rasgos físicos y psicológicos presenta Pito Pérez, personaje principal de la obra La vida inútil de Pito Pérez, del pícaro español y cuáles son los rasgos propios del pícaro mexicano? La respuesta hipotética es la siguiente: afirmo que Pito Pérez es un personaje pícaro por vestir de forma andrajosa y mugrosa, ya que se halla en un bajo nivel social. Además es un personaje débil y poco fornido. Asumo que ofrece el servicio a varios amos para engañarlos y sobresalir de la clase que se encuentra; asimismo, es una persona vagabunda, es decir, no permanece en un solo lugar, pues desde pequeño no está apegado a su familia. Manifiesto que debe presentar ciertas particularidades que lo identifican como pícaro mexicano, por ejemplo, el lenguaje. Mi objetivo consistió en identificar qué rasgos físicos y psicológicos adquiere Pito Pérez, del pícaro español, basándome en los autores y en las obras que se ocupan sobre el personaje. Una vez identificados, procedí a compararlos con el personaje motivo de investigación. Finalmente, se analizó cuáles son los rasgos propios del pícaro mexicano. Para ello es fundamental el uso de citas textuales

The European response to the challenge of the Japanese steel industry (1950–1980)

Between 1950 and 1980, the European delay with respect to Japan and the relative loss of competitiveness in the integrated steel industry was due to an institutional, geographical and economic logic based largely on historical factors. Europe had a long steel-making history that was closely related to its sources of raw materials. The new technological paradigm turned this former advantage into a clear disadvantage, while the large investments made in the Thomas and open hearth processes and the affordable price of scrap delayed the adoption of the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) until its superiority had been clearly demonstrated. The European steel industry was not at the forefront of the transformation, but merely adapting to the changes, pushed by the threat of a new uncomfortable competitor

Effects of the second virial coefficient on the adiabatic lapse rate of dry atmospheres

We study the effect of the second virial coefficient on the adiabatic lapse rate of a dry atmosphere. To this end, we compute the corresponding adiabatic curves, the internal energy, and the heat capacity, among other thermodynamic parameters. We apply these results to Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan, and the exoplanet G1 851d, considering three physically relevant virial coefficients in each case: the hard-sphere, van der Waals, and the square-well potential. These examples illustrate under which atmospheric conditions the effect of the second virial coefficient is relevant. Taking the latter into account yields corrections towards the experimental values of the lapse rates of Venus and Titan in some instances.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Comments are welcom

State aids for restructuring Spanish steel industry in European perspective (1975-1988)

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una comparación cuantitativa de las ayudas públicas destinadas a los procesos de reestructuración de la siderurgia en España y en los países de la CECA en el período 1975-1988. Las fuentes utilizadas corresponden tanto a documentación de archivo como a publicaciones periódicas de diversas instituciones: empresas españolas, patronal siderúrgica (Unesid), organismos públicos españoles y de la CEE e informes de la Comisión Europea. El trabajo demuestra que la principal diferencia entre la políticas siderúrgicas española y comunitaria estribó no tanto en el montante de las ayudas públicas destinadas al proceso de reestructuración como en el uso que se hizo de las mismas. Así, mientras en la CEE las ayudas públicas estuvieron condicionadas a la eliminación de los excedentes de capacidad productiva, en España no se realizó ningún ajuste en este sentido hasta nuestra integración en la Comunidad en 1986.The aim of this article is to make a comparison of public assistance provided during the restructuring of the steel industry in Spain and in the European Community of Coal and Steel from 1975 to 1988. We have used both primary and printed sources from different institutions: steel Spanish companies, Spanish steel organization (Unesid), European Community and Spanish agencies and public bodies and reports from the European Commission. The work concludes that the main difference between the Spanish and European Community steel policies was not so much on the amount of the public resources but rather on the use of them in the restructuring process, especially since the 1980s. So while in the EEC steel aids were granted only in exchange for the elimination of surplus capacity, in Spain not adjustment was made until its accession to the European Communities on 1 January 1986

An analysis on the effectiveness of Machine Translation Tools for the translation of medical texts from English to Spanish

Nowadays, translation has an important role in society, since it allows people to progress in knowledge in any field that may arise. For this reason, translation has become very usual and necessary. The objective of this project is to analyze MT systems in order to discover how reliable they are and to detect the main reasons why these systems may cause problems. Moreover, the result of this project solves possible doubts among translators and raises awareness about the use of these MT systems. Finally, readers will be able to observe the importance of following some procedures when dealing with a translation project and the relevance of facilitating a post-edition version to have a better understanding of the suggestions provided to improve the quality of the translation. It can also be useful for those people who do not really control the language used and want to seek information about this disease.Hoy en día la traducción es un aspecto muy importante en la sociedad, ya que permite progresar en conocimientos en cualquier ámbito que se presente. Por este motivo, la traducción es una tarea de gran importancia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los sistemas de TA con el fin de descubrir cuan fiables son y detectar los principales motivos por los que estos sistemas pueden provocar problemas. Además, el resultado de este proyecto resuelve posibles dudas entre los traductores y da conciencia sobre el uso de estos sistemas de traducción automática. Finalmente, los lectores podrán observar la vitalidad de seguir unos procedimientos a la hora de afrontar una traducción y la importancia de facilitar una posedición para que se comprendan con mayor facilidad las sugerencias facilitadas para perfeccionar la traducción. Además, puede también servir a aquellas personas que desconozcan el idioma y deseen buscar información sobre esta enfermedad.Departamento de Filología InglesaGrado en Estudios Inglese

Cytochrome c signalosome in mitochondria

Cytochrome c delicately tilts the balance between cell life (respiration) and cell death (apoptosis). Whereas cell life is governed by transient electron transfer interactions of cytochrome c inside the mitochondria, the cytoplasmic adducts of cytochrome c that lead to cell death are amazingly stable. Interestingly, the contacts of cytochrome c with its counterparts shift from the area surrounding the heme crevice for the redox complexes to the opposite molecule side when the electron flow is not necessary. The cytochrome c signalosome shows a higher level of regulation by post-translational modifications—nitration and phosphorylation—of the hemeprotein. Understanding protein interfaces, as well as protein modifications, would puzzle the mitochondrial cytochrome c-controlled pathways out and enable the design of novel drugs to silence the action of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic partners of cytochrome c.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation BFU2009-07190Andalusian Government BIO198 P08-CVI-387

NRT2.5 a putative sodium dependent high affinity nitrate trasnporter of zostera marina l.

Seagrasses are the only group of vascular plants that recolonized the marine environment, possibly the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. These plants have regained functions enabling them to thrive in liquid medium with an extremely high salinity (0.5 M Na+), high alkaline conditions (pH 8.2) and very low concentration of essential nutrients as NO3- or Pi. Despite this, seagrasses form one of the highest productive and widespread ecosystems of the planet (Larkum et al., 2006). Zostera marina was the first seagrass fully sequenced and its genome reveals important insights about this secondary adaption. Comparison with land plants indicates that less than 20 % of the genes families are specific in the genome of seagrasses. Thus, adaptation to marine environment seems to be due to molecular changes of the same family genes rather that the speciation of pre-existing genes. This appears to be the case of the high affinity nitrate transporter belonging to the NRT family. In contrast to terrestrial vascular plants, where NRT2 encode high affinity NO3- transporters that operate as H+ symporters, our electrophysiological analysis indicate that in Z. marina high affinity NO3- uptake is mediated by a Na+-dependent mechanism. A detailed analysis of the Z. marina genome indicates the presence of only one gene encoding for this type of transporter: Zosma70g00300.1. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this high affinity nitrate transporter is more related to NRT2.5 than to NTRT2.1, sharing a common ancestor with both, monocot and dicot plants. We have cloned Zosma70g00300.1 and the high-affinity nitrate transporter accessory protein NAR2 (Zosma63g00220.1) in order to characterize the specific transport mechanism mediated by these proteins in Z. marina. Thus, the putative Z. marina NRT2.5 transporter could have evolved to use Na+ as a driving ion, which might be an essential adaptation of seagrasses to colonize the marine environment.MICINN (BFU2017-85117-R; BIO2016-81957-REDT) Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Hypercube algorithms on mesh connected multicomputers

A new methodology named CALMANT (CC-cube Algorithms on Meshes and Tori) for mapping a type of algorithm that we call CC-cube algorithm onto multicomputers with hypercube, mesh, or torus interconnection topology is proposed. This methodology is suitable when the initial problem can be expressed as a set of processes that communicate through a hypercube topology (a CC-cube algorithm). There are many important algorithms that fit into the CC-cube type. CALMANT is based on three different techniques: (a) the standard embedding to assign the processes of the algorithm to the nodes of the mesh multicomputer; (b) the communication pipelining technique to increase the level of communication parallelism inherent in the CC-cube algorithms; and (c) optimal message-scheduling algorithms proposed in this work in order to avoid conflicts and minimizing in this way the communication time. Although CALMANT is proposed for multicomputers with different interconnection network topologies, the paper only focuses on the particular case of meshes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version