Evaluación de estrategias de aprendizaje mediante la escala ACRA abreviada para estudiantes universitarios

Conocer qué estrategias de aprendizaje emplea el alumnado universitario y promoverlas es importante no solo para su éxito académico, sino también para su desarrollo vital y profesional. Entre las herramientas disponibles la adaptación de la escala ACRA para evaluar las estrategias de aprendizaje del alumnado universitario se encuentra entre las más extendidas en el contexto hispanohablante, aunque no se cuenta con estudios de validación empleando técnicas confirmatorias ni con datos de baremación que faciliten su uso con el fin de promover estas estrategias. En este trabajo se examina la estructura factorial del ACRA en una muestra de 809 estudiantes universitarios mediante validación cruzada, proponiendo una versión de 17 ítems económica en su aplicación y con una estructura común para varones y mujeres. Se discute la estructura trifactorial obtenida (microestrategias, claves de memoria y metacognición y apoyo emocional-social) y su relación con otros constructos y se ofrecen datos de baremación por sexo.The examination and promotion of learning strategies in higher education has become a hot topic, not only for academic success, but also for professional and personal development. Among the tools available for evaluating learning strategies, the ACRA adapted for university students stands out as one of the most popular in studies with Spanish-speaking populations. However, there have been no attempts at validation using confirmatory factor techniques and there are no cut-off points available for training purposes. In this paper, the factor structure of the ACRA scale is examined. A cross-validation strategy (combining exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) was used on a sample of 809 university students. A 17-item version is proposed, showing evidence for structural invariance across genders. The resulting three-factor structure is discussed (micro-strategies, memorising-keys and metacognition, and emotional-social support), together with its association with other dimensions. Moreover, criteria by gender are provided

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Región Bogotá, D. C.

La narrativa es un género literario que está ligado a diversas técnicas como las de tipo audiovisual que para el ámbito de la psicología social permite la evaluación de eventos traumáticos para hacer propuestas que tengan recursos de afrontamiento psicosocial que permitan la gestión del sufrimiento generado por la violencia. Para el caso de Colombia se le da importancia al reconocimiento de aportes significativos desde diferentes marcos y de contextualizaciones que evidencian esa realidad sociopolítica y desde esta perspectiva se genera el análisis de relatos para ser abordados desde subjetividades inmersas en contextos de violencia, desde el apoyo de material audiovisual permitiendo la aproximación al enfoque narrativo. En la identificación de emergentes psicosociales desde los casos expuestos, sobresalen los esfuerzos personales, familiares y comunitarios permitiendo la ruptura de los ciclos de violencia e injusticia, para luego desde unas preguntas orientadoras hacer una reflexión desde la lógica narrativa. Partiendo de los relatos, se escoge uno y desde el imaginario, se hace una entrevista de manera pertinente, aplicando preguntas de tipo circular, reflexiva y estratégica con proyección de abordaje psicosocial en crisis y mitigación de los impactos causados. Un tercer ejercicio expone propuestas de abordaje psicosocial, basadas en el relato del caso Peñas Coloradas generando unas preguntas basadas en emergentes psicosociales identificados, la estigmatización, las acciones de apoyo y las estrategias de intervención psicosocial. Por último, se realiza un ejercicio desde la experiencia sobre la imagen y la narrativa como herramientas que evidentemente aportaron, desde la lectura de contextos, una transformación psicosocial. Palabras Clave: eventos psicosociales, trauma, enfoque narrativo, violencia, victimas y abordaje.Narrative is a literary genre that is linked to various techniques such as those of an audiovisual type that, for the field of social psychology, allow the evaluation of traumatic events to make proposals that have psychosocial coping resources that allow the management of suffering generated by violence. . In the case of Colombia, importance is given to the recognition of significant contributions from different frameworks and contextualization that show this sociopolitical reality and from this perspective the analysis of stories is generated to be approached from subjectivities immersed in contexts of violence, from the support of audiovisual material allowing the approximation to the narrative approach. The identification of psychosocial emergent from the exposed cases, highlights the personal, family and community efforts that allow the breaking of the cycles of violence and injustice, and then from some guiding questions a reflection is made from the narrative logic. Starting from the stories, one is chosen and from the imaginary, an interview is carried out that, in a pertinent way, applies circular, reflexive, and strategic questions with a projection of a psychosocial approach in crisis and mitigation of the impacts caused by violence. A third exercise exposes proposals for a psychosocial approach, based on the account of the Peñas Coloradas case, generating questions based on the identified psychosocial emergent, stigmatization, support actions and psychosocial intervention strategies. Keywords: psychosocial events, trauma, narrative approach, violence, victims, and approac

Development of the Theory of Mind in children of Pre-elementary education

Recepción: 29 de julio de 2016 | Revisión: 6 de septiembre de 2016 | Aceptado: 19 septiembre de 2016Correspondencia: Natalia Hidalgo Ruzzante | Orcid ID: 0000-0002-9952-9478 | Email: [email protected]: Conceptos como empatía y Teoría de la Mente (ToM) han resurgido en educación gracias a la evidencia sobre su importancia en la vida de las personas. Objetivo: Estudiar la relación entre los diferentes componentes de la ToM y determinar la relación de variables sociodemográficas y educativas en el desarrollo de la ToM en alumnado de Educación Infantil. Método: 25 niños/as con edades comprendidas entre 5 y 6 años fueron evaluados. Se empleó una escala validada para evaluar ToM (EToM). Los ítems consisten en seis situaciones conflictivas como diversidad de creencias, deseos, emociones o conocimientos, presentados utilizando personajes y materiales lúdicos. Resultados: Los ítems de la escala, correspondientes a diferentes componentes de la ToM, están relacionados entre ellos con los adyacentes, no con los más distantes en el orden teórico establecido en la escala. No se han obtenido resultados significativos que indiquen la relación de edad, sexo, dificultades del lenguaje y tener hermanos/as con el desarrollo de la ToM. Conclusiones: EToM contiene ítems que pueden ser considerados indicadores del desarrollo evolutivo de la ToM en preescolares. Investigaciones con muestras más amplias podrán determinar la relación de la ToM con el sexo, la edad, el lenguaje y la convivencia con hermanos.Background: In recent years the concepts of empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM) have reemerged in the area of education, due to evidence of their value in people’s lives. Objective: To study what relation exists between the components of ToM, and determine the relationship of sociodemographic and educational variables in the development of ToM in children of Pre-elementary education. Method: 25 children between 5 and 6 years old were evaluated; a validated scale to assess ToM in children was used. The items consist of six conflict situations about differences in beliefs, desires and emotions among others, presented to the students using characters and play-based materials. Results: The items of the scale, corresponding to different components of ToM are related to each other but only with adjacent items, not with the more distant ones in the theoretical order established in the scale. No significant results were obtained indicating the relationship of between age, sex, language problems and having siblings in the development of ToM. Conclusion: The ToM Scale contains items that can be considered as indicators of an evolutionary development of ToM in children in pre-elementary Education. Studies with broader samples are needed to determine the relationship between ToM and sex, age, language and living with siblings.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

Desenvolvimento e validação de um método ambientalmente amigável para a determinação de carbofurano em solos

In this study, an environmentally friendly analytical method was developed and validated for the extraction and quantification of N-methylcarbamate carbofuran in soil samples taken from orchards cultivated with a local potato variety. The extraction was carried out with a Matrix solid-phase Dispersion (mspd) technique. Gas chromatography with micro electron capture detector (μ-ecd) was used for the quantifi-cation of carbofuran residues in the samples, using the external standard method. Results obtained from this method were then compared with the Soxhlet technique used for samples contaminated with the commercial product Furadan® 3SC. Different parameters affecting the mspd extraction process were evaluated, such as the stationary phase, the solvent and elution volume in soil samples trea-ted with Furadan® 3SC to a final concentration of 50 mg/kg-1 of active ingredient (carbofuran). The recovery rate was used as a response variable. The best carbofuran extraction conditions for these matrices were obtained with 0.2 g of macerated sample with 0.8 g of silica gel as adsorbent in a 1:4 sample/adsorbent ratio. Samples were extracted on a cartridge with 5 ml of hexane-acetone at a 8:2 ratio as an elution solvent. The proposed method allowed to determine trace levels of carbofuran in soil samples with recovery rates of 96.58 %.En este trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método analítico ambientalmente amigable para la extracción y cuantificación del N-metilcarbamato carbofurano, en muestras de suelos cultivados con papa criolla. La técnica usada para la extracción fue dispersión de matriz en fase sólida (mspd). La cuantificación de los residuos de carbofurano se llevó a cabo por cromatografía de gases con detector de microcaptura de electrones (μ-ecd), con el método del estándar externo. Este método fue comparado con la técnica de extracción Soxhlet para muestras contaminadas con Furadan® 3SC. Se evaluaron diferentes parámetros que afectan el proceso de extracción mspd, como la fase estacionaria, el solvente y el volumen de elución en muestras de suelos dopadas con Furadan® 3SC, con una concentración final de 50 mg/kg de ingrediente activo (carbofurano); se tuvo como variable de respuesta el porcentaje de recuperación. Se encontró que las mejores condiciones de extracción de carbofurano para estas matrices se dieron con 0,2 g de muestra macerados con 0,8 g de sílica gel como adsorbente en una relación 1:4 muestra/adsorbente. Las muestras fueron extraídas en un cartucho con 5 ml de hexano-acetona en relación 8:2 como solvente de elución. La metodología propuesta permitió determinar niveles de trazas de carbofurano en muestras de suelo con porcentajes de recuperación del 96,58 %.Em este trabalho desenvolveu-se e validou um método analítico ambientalmente amigável para a extração e quantificação do N-metilcarbamato carbofurano, em amostras de solos cultivados com batata crioula. A técnica usada para a extração foi dispersão de matriz em fase sólida (mspd). A quantificação dos resíduos de carbofurano levou-se a cabo por cromatografia de gases com detector de microcaptura de elétrons (μ-ecd), com o método do padrão externo. Este método foi comparado com a técnica de extração Soxhlet para amostras contaminadas com Furadam® 3SC. Avaliaram-se diferentes parâmetros que afetam o processo de extração mspd, como a fase estacionária, o solvente e o volume de eluição em amostras de solos dopadas com Furadam® 3SC, com uma concentração final de 50 mg/kg de ingrediente ativo (carbofurano); teve-se como variável de resposta a percentagem de recuperação. Encontrou-se que as melhores con-dições de extração de carbofurano para estas matrizes deram-se com 0,2 g de amostra macerados com 0,8 g de sílica gel como adsorvente em uma relação 1:4 amostra/adsorvente. As amostras foram extraídas em um cartucho com 5 ml de hexano-acetona em relação 8:2 como solvente de eluição. A metodologia proposta permitiu determinar niveles de resíduos de carbofurano em amostras de solo com percentagens de recuperação do 96,58 %

Histological and histomorphometric study of human palatal mucosa: implications for connective tissue graft harvesting

Aims To analyse the histological structure and histomorphometric characteristics of human hard palatal mucosa in order to determine the donor site of choice for connective tissue grafts from a histological point of view. Materials and Methods Palatal mucosa samples from six cadaver heads were harvested at four sites: incisal, premolar, molar and tuberosity. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques were performed, as was histomorphometric analysis. Results In the current study, we found that the density and size of cells were higher in the superficial papillary layer, whereas the thickness of the collagen bundles increased in the reticular layer. Excluding the epithelium, the mean percentage of lamina propria (LP) and submucosa (SM) was 37% and 63%, respectively (p < .001). LP thickness showed similar values in the incisal, premolar and molar regions, and a significantly greater thickness in tuberosity (p < .001). The thickness of SM increased from incisal to premolar and molar, disappearing in the tuberosity (p < .001). Conclusions As dense connective tissue of LP is the tissue of choice for connective tissue grafts, the best donor site from a histological point of view is tuberosity because it is composed only of a thick LP without the presence of a loose submucosal layerS

Exploring the perception of barriers to a dual career by student-athletes with/out disabilities

n recent years, there has been an increase in knowledge about the barriers experienced by people with disabilities in the education system or sports. However, no studies have analyzed the barriers for those who try to succeed in both disciplines (dual career). The purpose of this study was to examine the barriers faced by student-athletes with/out disability to a dual career combining studies and sport. Two groups were involved in the study (n = 162): student-athletes with disabilities (n = 79) and student-athletes without disabilities (n = 83). Data collected included: (a) socio-demographic aspects; and (b) barriers towards achieving a good balance between sport and academics during the dual career, through the "Perceptions of dual career student-athletes" (ESTPORT) questionnaire. The results showed that student-athletes with disabilities were more likely to perceive in a greater extent the barriers, the university is far from my home (p = 0.007) and the university is far from my training site (p = 0.006), I find myself unable to balance study and training time (p = 0.030), I have to take care of my family (p<0.001), and my current job does not allow me to study enough (p<0.001). The MANOVA analysis showed that the factors gender, competitive level, and employment status had an influence on the perception of some barriers between groups. In conclusion, student-athletes with disabilities perceived barriers more strongly than those without disabilities, and measures are needed to ensure their inclusion in the education system

Influence of the actions observed on cervical motion in patients with chronic neck pain: a pilot study

The aim of the present pilot study was to prove if the action-observation (AOb) improved the cervical range of motion (CROM) in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain (CNP). Double blind pilot study. A total of 28 subjects were randomly assigned to an effective-movement group (n= 14) and an ineffective-movement group (n= 14). The follow-up consisted of: pretreatment, posttreatment and 10 min after second measurement (motor imagery). Outcome measures were CROM, and pressure pain detection thresholds (PPDTs). No statistical differences were found in baseline on CROM and on the PPDT. Test for independent groups revealed significant changes in cervical rotation movement. Both groups in posttreatment (P= 0.042; Cohen d= 0.81) and after 10 min (P= 0.019; Cohen d= 0.9). For intragroup PPDT, the Wilcoxon test revealed significant effects in the effective movement at C2 of the pre to 10-min post (P= 0.040). However, the ineffective movement revealed a significant reduction in PPDT in zygapophyseal joint of C5-C6 as the pre to post (P= 0.010) as the pre to 10-min post (P= 0.041) periods. In conclusions this pilot study demonstrated that the effective AOb produced significant changes versus ineffective AOb in the CROM and it could influences in PPT in subject with CNP immediately

Copper Complexes in the Promotion of Aldol Addition to Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde: Synthesis of Homo- and Heteroleptic Complexes and Stereoselective Double Aldol Addition

Producción CientíficaCuCl2·2H2O and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O are able to promote aldol addition of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (pyca) with acetone, acetophenone, or cyclohexenone under neutral and mild conditions. The general and simple one-pot procedure for the aldol addition to Cu(II) complexes accesses novel Cu complexes with a large variety of different structural motifs, from which the aldol-addition ligand can be liberated by treatment with NH3. Neutral heteroleptic complexes in which the ligand acts as bidentate, or homoleptic cationic complexes in which the ligand acts as tridentate can be obtained depending on the copper salt used. The key step in these reactions is the coordination of pyca to copper, which increases the electrophilic character of the aldehyde, with Cu(ClO4)2 leading to a higher degree of activation than CuCl2, as predicted by DFT calculations. A regio- and stereoselective double aldol addition of pyca in the reaction of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O with acetone leads to the formation of a dimer copper complex in which the novel double aldol addition product acts as a pentadentate ligand. A possible mechanism is discussed. The work is supported by extensive crystallographic studies.2019-12-312019-12-31Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project CTQ 2013-41067-P