Plan de negocios para una empresa prestadora del servicio de plataforma web a usuarios no expertos y/o no poseedores de sistemas informáticos para procesamiento de pedidos a domicilio

En Colombia el comercio electrónico se encuentra en pleno desarrollo, el gobierno a través de la ley 527 de 1999 define las relaciones de índole comercial que parten de la utilización de datos o algún medio similar como comercio electrónico, sin embargo no se cuenta con una normatividad clara que regule las transacciones de negocios por internet ya que estas se encuentran regidas por las leyes de comercio ordinario, lo cual no crea las condiciones más favorables para que las transacciones electrónicas alcancen el desarrollo de países como Brasil, Chile y Argentina. Sin embargo el comercio electrónico se sigue desarrollando y el gobierno nacional ve en esto una oportunidad para la industria en miras al tratado de libre comercio TLC con Estado Unidos, país en el cual las transacciones vía web han tenido un gran desarrollo, reduciendo considerablemente los costos de transacción y beneficiando tanto al productor como al consumidor al encontrar una oferta de productos mucho más amplia que en el mercado ordinario

Caracterización de los controles ambientales de una empresa de producción de plástico del municipio de Caçador-SC, Brasil

Muchos procesos productivos poseen un alto nivel de emisión de aspectos e impactos ambientales. Para buscar la minimización de esos atenuantes ambientales se desarrolló la licencia ambiental que emplea los controles ambientales de las empresas. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo analizar la caracterización de los controles ambientales de una empresa de producción de productos derivados del plástico en el municipio de Caçador/SC. Para el desarrollo del estudio se analizaron los controles establecidos en la Licencia Ambiental de Operación - LAO para realizar la caracterización in situ y documentación de los controles ambientales. A través del estudio es posible describir que la empresa está en conformidad con las cuestiones ambientales, ya que la empresa busca minimizar al máximo los impactos generados. Así, se puede concluir que la caracterización de los controles ambientales es un método que ayuda en la minimización de los impactos ambientales, donde el mismo presenta los puntos positivos y negativos de la interacción del proceso productivo con el medio ambiente

Estrategias didácticas para el desarrollo del habla de una niña con Síndrome de Down en la asignatura de Lengua y Literatura del tercer grado del turno matutino en el Colegio Público Rural Omar Torrijos Herrera en el II semestre del año 2022

Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar las estrategias didácticas que utiliza la docente para el desarrollo del habla de una niña con Síndrome de Down en la asignatura de Lengua y Literatura del tercer grado del turno matutino en el Colegio Público Rural Omar Torrijos Herrera en el II semestre del año 2022. En el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes se hace relevante el estudio enseñanza que se les brinda, desde el conocimiento científico teórico que lo sustenta en el cual identificar las dificultades del habla que presentan la niña de tercer grado “A” con Síndrome de Down y así mismo describir las estrategias didácticas que utiliza la docente para el desarrollo del habla de una niña con Síndrome de Down en la asignatura de Lengua y Literatura. El estudio tiene un enfoque cualitativo; es de carácter descriptivo, ya que realiza la descripción de los elementos encontrados durante las observaciones realizadas a pie de aula. Es de corte transversal, puesto que se desarrolla durante un tiempo estipulado como es el II Semestre del año 2022, durante este proceso de utilizaron instrumentos como la entrevista, encuesta, pruebas diagnósticas. Al recopilar la información, se analizó, obteniendo las siguientes conclusiones: El tipo de ambiente de aprendizaje que utiliza la docente es áulico y la ambientación del aula carece de rincones de aprendizaje, no cuenta con material didáctico acorde a la necesidad educativa especial. Las estrategias que utilizan la docente son de carácter tradicionalista, así como los medios y recursos que emplea. Las transiciones efectivas para la iniciación y cierre de cada clase son fundamentales en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del docente. Un adecuado ambiente de aprendizaje incide de manera positiva en el desarrollo, de habilidades estimulación cognitiva, socio afectiva y estimulación del habla que le permitirá desarrollarse n su régimen de vida. PALABRAS CLAVES: Educación, inclusión, síndrome de Down, programa

Powering the future: a comprehensive review of battery energy storage systems

Global society is significantly speeding up the adoption of renewable energy sources and their integration into the current existing grid in order to counteract growing environmental problems, particularly the increased carbon dioxide emission of the last century. Renewable energy sources have a tremendous potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions because they practically never produce any carbon dioxide or other pollutants. On the other hand, these energy sources are usually influenced by geographical location, weather, and other factors that are of stochastic nature. The battery energy storage system can be applied to store the energy produced by RESs and then utilized regularly and within limits as necessary to lessen the impact of the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. The main purpose of the review paper is to present the current state of the art of battery energy storage systems and identify their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, this helps researchers and engineers in the field to find out the most appropriate configuration for a particular application. This study offers a thorough analysis of the battery energy storage system with regard to battery chemistries, power electronics, and management approaches. This paper also offers a detailed analysis of battery energy storage system applications and investigates the shortcomings of the current best battery energy storage system architectures to pinpoint areas that require further study.This publication is part of the project TED2021-132864A-I00, funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR”.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Mutations related to Antiretroviral Resistance identified by ultra-deep sequencing in HIV-1 infected children under Structured Interruptions of HAART

Altres ajuts: CONACYT/GCPS/44519Although Structured Treatment Interruptions (STI) are currently not considered an alternative strategy for antiretroviral treatment, their true benefits and limitations have not been fully established. Some studies suggest the possibility of improving the quality of life of patients with this strategy; however, the information that has been obtained corresponds mostly to studies conducted in adults, with a lack of knowledge about its impact on children. Furthermore, mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance could be selected due to sub-therapeutic levels of HAART at each interruption period. Genotyping methods to determine the resistance profiles of the infecting viruses have become increasingly important for the management of patients under STI, thus low-abundance antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations (DRM's) at levels under limit of detection of conventional genotyping (<20% of quasispecies) could increase the risk of virologic failure. In this work, we analyzed the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the pol gene by ultra-deep sequencing in pediatric patients under STI with the aim of determining the presence of high- and low-abundance DRM's in the viral rebounds generated by the STI. High-abundance mutations in protease and high- and low-abundance mutations in reverse transcriptase were detected but no one of these are directly associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs. The results could suggest that the evaluated STI program is virologically safe, but strict and carefully planned studies, with greater numbers of patients and interruption/restart cycles, are still needed to evaluate the selection of DRM's during STI

Neuropsychopharmacology of Emerging Drugs of Abuse: meta- and para-Halogen-Ring-Substituted α-PVP (' flakka') Derivatives

Changes in the molecular structure of synthetic cathinones has led to an increase in the number of novel emerging drugs in the illicit drug market at an unprecedented rate. Unfortunately, little is known about the neuropsychopharmacology of recently emerged halogen-substituted -PVP derivatives. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of para- and meta-halogen (F-, Cl-, and Br-) substitutions on the in vitro, in silico, and in vivo effects of -pyrrolidinopentiophenone ( - PVP) derivatives. HEK293 cells expressing the human dopamine or serotonin transporter (hDAT and hSERT) were used for the uptake inhibition and transporter affinity assays. Molecular docking was used to model the interaction mechanism against DAT. Swiss CD-1 mice were used for the horizontal locomotor activity, open field test, and conditioned place preference paradigm. All compounds demonstrated potent DA uptake inhibition and higher DAT selectivity than cocaine. Meta-substituted cathinones showed higher DAT/SERT ratios than their para- analogs, which correlates with an increased psychostimulant effect in vivo and with different meta- and para-in silico interactions at DAT. Moreover, all compounds induced rewarding and acute anxiogenic effects in mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the role of meta- and para-halogen substitutions in the mechanism of action and provides the first evidence of the rewarding and anxiety-like properties of halogenated -PVP derivatives

Interconversion algorithm between mechanical and dielectric relaxation measurements for acetate of cis- and trans-2-phenyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane

The dielectric and mechanical spectroscopies of acetate of cis- and trans-2-phenyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3- dioxane are reported in the frequency domain from 10&#8722;2 to 106 Hz. This ester has been selected in this study for its predominant á relaxation with regard to the â relaxation, which can be neglected. This study consists of determining an interconversion algorithm between dielectric and mechanical measurements, given by using a relation between rotational and translational complex viscosities. These important viscosities were obtained from measures of the dielectric complex permittivity and by dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The definitions of rotational and translational viscosities were evaluated by means of fractional calculus, by using the fit parameters of theHavriliak-Negami empirical model obtained in the dielectric and mechanical characterization of the á relaxation. This interconversion algorithm is a generalization of the break of the Stokes-Einstein-Debye relationship. It uses a power law with an exponent defined as the shape factor, which modifies the translational viscosity. Two others factors are introduced for the interconversion, a shift factor, which displaces the translational viscosity in the frequency domain, and a scale factor, which makes equal values of the two viscosities. In this paper, the shape factor has been identified as the relation between the slopes of the moduli of the complex viscosities at higher frequency. This is interpreted as the degree of kinetic coupling between the molecular rotation and translational movements. Alternatively, another interconversion algorithm has been expressed by means of dielectric and mechanical moduli.The authors thank Professor Niels Boye Olsen and Jeppe C. Dyre from Roskilde Universitetcenter (Denmark) for dielectric and mechanical measurements. This work was supported by DGAPA-UNAM Projects No. IG-100315, SEP-CONACYT 154626, M.J.S. gratefully acknowledge the CICYT for grant MAT2012-3383.García Bernabé, A.; Lidon-Roger, JV.; Sanchis Sánchez, MJ.; Díaz Calleja, R.; Del Castillo, LF. (2015). Interconversion algorithm between mechanical and dielectric relaxation measurements for acetate of cis- and trans-2-phenyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxane. Physical Review E. 92(4). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.92.042307S924Gemant, A. (1935). The conception of a complex viscosity and its application to dielectrics. Transactions of the Faraday Society, 31, 1582. doi:10.1039/tf9353101582DiMarzio, E. A., & Bishop, M. (1974). Connection between the macroscopic electric and mechanical susceptibilities. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 60(10), 3802-3811. doi:10.1063/1.1680822Bird, R. B., & Giacomin, A. J. (2012). Who conceived the «complex viscosity»? 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Fractional Stokes-Einstein and Debye-Stokes-Einstein Relations in a Network-Forming Liquid. Physical Review Letters, 97(5). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.055901Fujara, F., Geil, B., Sillescu, H., & Fleischer, G. (1992). Translational and rotational diffusion in supercooled orthoterphenyl close to the glass transition. Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter, 88(2), 195-204. doi:10.1007/bf01323572Glotzer, S. C., Novikov, V. N., & Schrøder, T. B. (2000). Time-dependent, four-point density correlation function description of dynamical heterogeneity and decoupling in supercooled liquids. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 112(2), 509-512. doi:10.1063/1.480541Nee, T., & Zwanzig, R. (1970). Theory of Dielectric Relaxation in Polar Liquids. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 52(12), 6353-6363. doi:10.1063/1.1672951Saiz, E., Riande, E., Díaz-Calleja, R., & Guzmán, J. (1997). Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Time Dependent Dipolar Correlation Function for Esters Containing Substituted 1,3-Dioxacyclohexane Rings in Their Structure. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 101(50), 10949-10953. doi:10.1021/jp9717812Christensen, T., & Olsen, N. B. (1995). A rheometer for the measurement of a high shear modulus covering more than seven decades of frequency below 50 kHz. Review of Scientific Instruments, 66(10), 5019-5031. doi:10.1063/1.1146126Coelho, R. (1983). Sur la relaxation d’une charge d’espace. Revue de Physique Appliquée, 18(3), 137-146. doi:10.1051/rphysap:01983001803013700Sørensen, T. S. (1994). Nernst-Planckian Electrodynamics, the Excess Interfacial Impedance, and the Complex Permitivity of Two Semi-infinite Phases and of Lamellar Membranes. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 168(2), 437-450. doi:10.1006/jcis.1994.1440Dyre, J. C. (1988). The random free‐energy barrier model for ac conduction in disordered solids. 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Potencial hortícola de los zapotes negros, <i>Diospyros</i> spp. (Ebenaceae)

Se exploró el potencial hortícola del género Diospyros (Ebenaceae) mediante análisis biogeográficos, climáticos, morfológicos y etnobotánicos. Los análisis geográficos permitieron identificar las áreas óptimas para la conservación y el aprovechamiento de 20 especies. Con aquellas conocidas como Zapotes Negros, D. nigra y D. Conzattii, se aplicó un análisis climático. Por último se estudió la variabilidad morfológica asociada al nivel de manejo en tres zonas de México. Veracruz y Península de Yucatán fueron las áreas donde convergen el mayor número de especies. Las adaptaciones climáticas de los zapotes estudiados les permiten ser cultivados comercialmente en gran parte del país. D. nigra reveló diferencias significativas entre los individuos silvestres, tolerados, fomentados y cultivados: asociados principalmente a la firmeza del pericarpio, el tiempo de maduración y el tamaño del arilo. Características útiles para promover el consumo y facilitar el transporte.The horticultural potential of the Diospyros spp. (Ebenaceae) was explored using biogeographic, climatic, morphological and entnobotanical analyzes. The geographical analysis allowed identification of optimal areas for conservation and use of 20 species. The two species known as Black Sapot, D. nigra and D. conzattii, were selected for climate analysis. Finally, morphological variability of individuals associated with level management was studied in three areas of Mexico and associated with aspects an components of the domestication process. Veracruz and the Yucatan were the places where the largest number of species and sections of the genus converge. Climatic adaptation of the studied sapots allow them to be grown commercially in a large part of the country. Significant differences were exhibited among wild, tolerated, promoted, and cultivated D. nigra individuals. These differences were associated with pericarp firmness, time of maturation and size of aryl. Useful featurs to promote consumtion and facilitate transport.Eje A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale