Ultimas aportaciones al estudio de la vegetación en la provincia de Ciudad Real y áreas limítrofes.

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Los glacis de raña en el «macizo» de Valronquillo (sector noroccidental del Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real)

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Valoración didáctica del Parque Natural del Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona (Ciudad Real)

En esta aportación se analiza el valor didáctico de los diferentes componentes que integran los paisajes del Parque Natural del Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona. Para ello, se ha partido de la confección de un inventario de lugares o puntos de interés didáctico para los que se han considerado el interés docente de sus valores geográficos, la representatividad y buen estado de conservación de sus elementos, la accesibilidad y las condiciones de observación para la práctica docente en el campo. Con la selección de los puntos más relevantes, se propone una red de lugares de interés didáctico que se complementa, finalmente, con una propuesta de itinerarios didácticos, útiles para varios niveles educativos

Protective role of nrf2 in renal disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the fastest-growing causes of death and is predicted to become by 2040 the fifth global cause of death. CKD is characterized by increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, therapies to slow or prevent CKD progression remain an unmet need. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in protection against oxidative stress and regulation of the inflammatory response. Consequently, the use of compounds targeting Nrf2 has generated growing interest for nephrologists. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that Nrf2-inducing strategies prevent CKD progression and protect from acute kidney injury (AKI). In this article, we review current knowledge on the protective mechanisms mediated by Nrf2 against kidney injury, novel therapeutic strategies to induce Nrf2 activation, and the status of ongoing clinical trials targeting Nrf2 in renal diseasesThe authors’work has been supported by grants FIS/Fondos FEDER (PI17/00130, PI17/00257, PI17/01495, PI18/01386, PI19/00815, PI20/00375, PI20/00487 ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid en Biomedicina B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) and Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-098788-B-100, DTS17/00203, DTS19/00093, RYC-2017-22369, FJC2019-042028), The “PFIS” and “Sara Borrell” training program of the ISCIII supported the salary of MGH (FI18/00310), SR-M (CD19/00021), and CH-B (CP16/00017). Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) grant RTI2018-100695-B-I00, Junta de Andalucía grants P18-RT-4264, 1263735-R and BIO-276, the FEDER Funding Program from the European Union, and Universidad de Córdoba (to J.M.V.

Pathogenic pathways and therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, resulting in elevated cost for public health systems. DN is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its incidence increases the number of patients that develop the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are growing epidemiological and preclinical evidence about the close relationship between inflammatory response and the occurrence and progression of DN. Several antiinflammatory strategies targeting specific inflammatory mediators (cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines) and intracellular signaling pathways have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of DN, decreasing proteinuria and renal lesions. A number of inflammatory molecules have been shown useful to identify diabetic patients at high risk of developing renal complications. In this review, we focus on the key role of inflammation in the genesis and progression of DN, with a special interest in effector molecules and activated intracellular pathways leading to renal damage, as well as a comprehensive update of new therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation to prevent and/or retard renal injury.The authors work has been supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, FIS-FEDER PI17/00130, PI17/01495, PI19/00588, ERA-PerMed-JTC2018-PERSTIGAN AC18/00071), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) and Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Fondecyt Project (No. 1160465), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-098788-B-100, DTS17/00203, DTS19/00093, RYC-2017-22369), and Spanish Societies of Cardiology (SEC), Nephrology (SEN) and Atherosclerosis (SEA). The “PFIS” and “Sara Borrell” training program of the ISCIII supported the salary of MGH (FI18/00310), SR-M (CD19/00021) and CH-B (CP16/00017). Córdoba University supported the salary of C.G.C

Toll-like receptors in acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important health problem, affecting 13.3 million individuals/year. It is associated with increased mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where renal replacement therapy is limited. Moreover, survivors show adverse long-term outcomes, including increased risk of developing recurrent AKI bouts, cardiovascular events, and chronic kidney disease. However, there are no specific treatments to decrease the adverse consequences of AKI. Epidemiological and preclinical studies show the pathological role of inflammation in AKI, not only at the acute phase but also in the progression to chronic kidney disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of the inflammatory response and have been associated to many cellular processes activated during AKI. For that reason, a number of anti-inflammatory agents targeting TLRs have been analyzed in preclinical studies to decrease renal damage during AKI. In this review, we updated recent knowledge about the role of TLRs, mainly TLR4, in the initiation and development of AKI as well as novel compounds targeting these molecules to diminish kidney injury associated to this pathological conditionThe authors work has been supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, FIS-FEDER PI17/00130, PI17/01495, PI20/00375, PI20/00487), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) and Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-099114-B-100, RTI2018-098788-B-100, DTS19/00093, RYC-2017-22369), and Spanish Societies of Cardiology (SEC), Nephrology (SEN) and Atherosclerosis (SEA). The “PFIS” and “Sara Borrell” training program of the ISCIII supported the salary of MGH (FI18/00310), SR-M (CD19/00021) and CH-B (CP16/00017). Córdoba University supported the salary of C.G.C

Los paisajes naturales de la comarca de Los Montes-Campo de Calatrava

En la presente tesis doctoral se analizan los elementos más importantes de un espacio geográfico, la comarca de los montes-campo de Calatrava, que presenta suficientes rasgos comunes como para ser analizada como un conjunto. El enfoque adoptado se halla inspirado en la metodología de análisis integrado de paisaje de la escuela geográfica de Toulouse, encabezada por g. Bertrand. El estudio parte del análisis de las morfoestructuras, elemento clave en sí mismo y para comprender algunas caracteristicas destacadas que se relacionan con el clima, la vegetación y la ocupación humana del territorio. El clima resulta un elemento explicativo de gran importancia y que tiene unas repercusiones biogeográficas de primer orden. El atento examen biogeográfico ha permitido el reconocimiento de un notable numero de formaciones vegetales que se han insertado en sistemas dinamicos, los complejos biogeográficos. En los paisajes naturales se imbrican todos estos aspectos en las nociones de geosistema y paisaje natural. En función de la escala adoptada estas nociones se concretan en las de región natural, subregión natural, geocomplejo y geofacies. En estas ultimas las interrelaciones de los elementos naturales quedan de manifiesto mas claramente

Modelados de detalle en roquedos cuarcíticos de áreas de montaña media apalachense de la Meseta sur y Sierra Morena oriental

A pesar de la gran dureza del roquedo en el área estudiada, se ha organizado sobre él un conjunto de formas de erosión y de acumulación, de gran modestia, que guardan cierta analogía con elementos reconocidos en el relieve kárstico y en el relieve granítico. La red de fracturación y diaclasado, y los planos de estratificación, constituyen la trama por la que el agua ha ido disolviendo y arenizando el roquedo cuarcítico paleozoico. Todo parece indicar que estos procesos actuaron con particular intensidad en épocas anteriores de clima húmedo y más cálido