El consumo femenino de la imagen de la mujer en la publicidad. El sexismo en las campañas publicitarias rechazadas por la audiencia

This article presents the results of research into the perceptions and attitudes of women with regard to gender representations in advertising discourse. This study is part of a research project begun in 2005 on the subject of the consumption of the image of women in advertising and the media carried out by the Catalan Institute of Women (ICD) of the Catalan regional government, the Generalitat. From a qualitative perspective, results are obtained about the significance that women assign to gender representations. The recipients’ evaluation and conceptualization of advertising and sexism demonstrate that a number of stereotypes that continue to exist in the media are distant from social reality. KEY WORDS: Reception, Audiences, Representation, Gender Studies, Discrimination, Advertising, Women, Stereotypes, Media, Sexism. PALABRAS CLAVE: recepción, audiencias, representación, estudios de género, discriminación, publicidad, mujeres, estereotipos, medios, sexismo

Influence of Salamanca colleges in society on the ancien regime

La institución colegial salmantina durante el siglo XVI ejerce una importante labor como generadora de profesionales al servicio de instrumentos creados por la corona y el gobierno de sus dominios. De esta labor es explícita cierta función social que en este trabajo hemos tocado desde dos vertientes fundamentales: la de mantener mediante la formación de colegiales a la maquinaria del Estado, y la de ayudar a reproducir ese modelo en el nuevo continente conquistado. Así mismo los colegios salmantinos nutrirán a la Iglesia de la reforma tridentina, de los eclesiásticos que precisa en su labor regeneradora. Iglesia y Estado, binomio indisoluble sustentado por los colegios de la Universidad de Salamanca.The Salamanca collegiate institution during the sixteenth century has an important role as a generator of professionals serving instruments created by the Crown and government of his dominions. This work is explicit certain social role in this work have touched on two fundamental aspects: to maintain through training collegial to the state machinery, and to help replicate that moden in the new continent. Also Salamanca coleges nurture the church of the Tridentine reform of the ecclesiastics in its work that needs regenerating. Church and State indisoluble unión supported by the colleges of the University of Salamanca

Not without my mobile phone: alcohol binge drinking, gender violence and technology in the Spanish culture of intoxication

The practice of binge drinking has in recent decades consolidated what is known as the ‘culture of intoxication’ among the young people of Spain. This has coincided with the increase in the use of mobile-phone technology and of social networks within the night-time economy. Our main aim is to explore these new, potentially risky uses and violent behaviours, through an analysis of the discourses of the young people involved. This is a qualitative study with in-depth interviews (n¼24) of young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two, resident in two cities in the south of Spain: Granada and Seville. Findings: our results show that gender violence is present in the contexts where alcohol is consumed intensively and is related to the use of the mobile phone in interpersonal or couple relationships. This violence is practiced mainly against the women, who suffer sexual harassment and violation of their public image through information and communication technologies. Our data show that prevention should consider the new vulnerabilities that are generated out of the problematic association between technology and alcohol, using innovative strategies that are adapted to the new patterns of youth behaviour.Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness FEM2016- 77116-C2-1-RFEDER FEM2016- 77116-C2-1-

Rheological study and sensory analysis about four commercial detergents called “gel-detergents”

Gel detergents possess some advantages compared to podwer detergents, such as easyness to transport, high eficiency considering number of washes per bottle and the reasonable use of water and package. In order to check if a specific product shows gel behaviour, rheological studies are carried out; namely, Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear tests. With this in mind, we report the influence of temperature (5 – 40) ºC on the mechanical spectra of four commercial detergents whose labels claim they are gels. The experimental results obtained supported that two out of four samples exhibited the expected weak gel viscoelastic properties. The remaining two detergents showed typical viscoelastic behaviour of viscous solutions (liquid-like response instead of gel-like), whose structure is not significant. We also conducted stepwise flow curves in the same temperature range. Most detergents studied showed shear thinning properties, which fitted the power law equation. The results obtained supported that the more shear thinning was the detergent sample, the more marked gel-like properties were observed. Finally, a sensory analysis was carried out in order to know the perception of the gel character for 30 panelists.Los detergentes gel poseen ciertas ventajas frente a los detergentes en polvo que los hacen muy interesantes, como facilidad en el transporte, alta eficiencia considerando el número de lavados por botella y el uso razonado de agua y embalaje. Para comprobar si un determinado producto tiene comportamiento gel, se realizan estudios reológicos; concretamente, ensayos en cizalla oscilatoria. Con este fin, en este estudio, se muestra la influencia de la temperatura (5 a 40 ºC) en el espectro mecánico de cuatro productos comerciales en cuyas etiquetas aparece la información de que son geles. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos demuestran que solo dos de las cuatro muestras exhiben las propiedades reológicas esperadas. Los dos detergentes restantes muestran propiedades de disoluciones viscosidad (respuesta líquida en vez de respuesta gel), cuya estructura no es significativa. También se llevaron a cabo curvas de flujo en el mismo rango de temperaturas. La mayoría de los detergentes mostraron comportamiento pseudoplástico, el cual se ajustó a la ley de la potencia. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que el detergente con mayor grado de pseudoplasticidad fue el que mostro mayor carácter gel. Por último, se realizó un análisis sensorial para conocer la percepción de 30 panelistas del carácter gel de estos detergentes.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España y por la Comisión Europea (Programa FEDER

Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance images and weight-bearing radiographs in patients with arthroscopic-proven medial osteoarthritis of the knee

Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze the diagnostic value of weight-bearing radiographs, magnetic resonance images (MRI), and the combination of both in osteoarthritic knees when using arthroscopic findings as the “gold standard” to compare with. Methods: A total of 59 patients were studied because of chronic pain in 1 of their knees. Radiographs were classified according to Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Magnetic resonance images were classified according to Vallotton, and arthroscopic findings according to Outerbridge criteria. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were, respectively, 75.0%, 60.0%, 56.2%, 77.8%, and 66.1% for weight-bearing radiographs, and 70.8%, 88.6%, 81.0%, 81.6%, and 81.4% for MRI. Logistic regression analysis showed that a weight-bearing radiograph added to MRI offered no additional diagnostic value compared with MRI alone (P <.001). Conclusions: Magnetic resonance images presented higher specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy than weight-bearing radiographs for knee osteoarthritis. The combination of radiographs and MRI did not improve the diagnostic accuracy, compared with MRI alone

Los hábitos del consumo televisivo de una comunidad extranjera: el caso de estudiantes latinoamericanos en Barcelona

El consumo televisivo de comunidades extranjeras es un fenómeno social que nos permite entender determinados comportamientos de la audiencia. La investigación presentada en este artículo tiene como objeto conocer y explicar los hábitos de recepción televisiva de estudiantes latinoamericanos que se encuentran en Barcelona. En el marco de los estudios de recepción que otorgan un papel activo a la audiencia, el estudio parte de una perspectiva cualitativa y realiza un trabajo empírico con un grupo de extranjeros latinoamericanos y residentes temporalmente en Barcelona. La encuesta, la entrevista en profundidad y el diario de vida, son las técnicas utilizadas que han permitido conocer determinadas manifestaciones del comportamiento de la "audiencia extranjera" que cobran una especial relevancia en el proceso comunicativo. La arqueología emocional de la audiencia, como concepto que ayuda a explicar determinados hábitos y comportamientos del consumidor extranjero es una de las aportaciones principales de la investigación

Study protocol on social return on investment (SROI) project of the surgical waiting list management system

In Andalusia, the right to maximum waiting times for healthcare clashes with the available supply, leading to an increase in demand in the form of waiting lists. To address this situation, the activity of private centers has been created for certain diagnostic tests. The Social Return on Investment (SROI) model evaluates an intervention from an economic and stakeholder perspective. However, there are no studies on the suitability of waiting lists using SROI, which is why it is intended to be studied as a decision-making tool for the clinical and healthcare management of waiting lists. This research protocol is designed to determine the quality of life gained, with the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire, and its social assessment, with the specific survey of the SROI method, and, thus, analyze the social return on investment and determine the suitability of the intervention (diagnostic endoscopy activity arranged in a contracted center). After the study, we will know the economic (cost in public health centers and the incremental cost of extraordinary health resources), social (quality of life with health), and environmental scenarios of the concerted activity intervention in order to adjust waiting list timesPartial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Relationship of rheological and microstructural properties with physical stability of potato protein-based emulsions stabilized by guar gum

Despite potato protein is a great potential ingredient in food products due to its nutritional quality, it is not useful for the formation of sufficiently stable emulsions. For this reason, a widely used polysaccharide in the food industry, Guar gum, was added. The addition of guar gum to potato protein-based emulsions results in enhanced stability as demonstrated by the cooperative information provided by the combination of different techniques (rheology, optical microscopy and multiple light scattering). We established a relationship between a critical time for the onset of creaming and two rheological functions, namely the zero shear viscosity and the storage modulus. In addition, we propose a fast rheological method consisting of non-linear creep tests to detect shear-induced microstructural transitions

Ansiedad y personalidad como indicadores del rendimiento académico universitario en el aula de idiomas

The main purpose of this study is to test whether students’ performance in official language tests in the university context is influenced, apart from anxiety, by certain personality traits. A sample of 394 university students in Spain were assessed in language academic performance using the Test of English for International Communication: Listening and Reading (TOEIC L&R), Foreign Language Anxiety using the Spanish version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), Test Anxiety, by means of the Spanish version of the Test Anxiety Inventory and Personality Traits through the Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Frequency analyses for the categorical variables, and means and standard deviations for continuous variables were calculated, and a forward stepwise regression model was used to assess the independent variables that contributed significantly to the variance in the score on the academic performance. Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety (FLCA) correlated most significantly with student foreign language academic performance, followed by the Neuroticism dimension, Test Anxiety and Extraversion. These results show that anxiety can still be considered the best indicator to predict language academic performance and that personality traits do play a relevant part in the foreign language learning process in the university context.El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si, aparte de la ansiedad, ciertas dimensiones de la personalidad tienen influencia en el rendimiento académico universitario en exámenes oficiales de idiomas. En una muestra de 394 estudiantes de una universidad española, se evaluó el rendimiento académico en idiomas mediante el examen Test of English for International Communication: Listening and Reading (TOEIC L&R), la ansiedad en lengua extranjera con la FLCAS, la ansiedad ante los exámenes con el Test Anxiety Inventory y las dimensiones de la personalidad con el NEO-FFI. Se calcularon análisis de frecuencias para las variables categóricas, y medias y desviación estándar para las variables continuas, y se aplicó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple por pasos para identificar las variables independientes que contribuyen de manera significativa a la varianza del resultado del rendimiento académico. La ansiedad en el aula de idiomas es la variable que correlaciona más significativamente con el rendimiento académico, seguida por la dimensión de Neuroticismo, la Ansiedad ante los Exámenes y Extraversión. Los resultados muestran que la ansiedad puede seguir siendo considerada el indicador más eficaz para predecir el rendimiento académico en idiomas y que las dimensiones de la personalidad tienen cabida en el proceso de aprendizaj