La frecuencia fundamental de la voz y sus efectos en el reconocimiento de habla continua

El objetivo del estudio que aquí se presenta es el de analizar el efecto de la variación de la frecuencia fundamental en las características de la señal de voz, estudiar los efectos de este parámetro sobre el comportamiento de los sistemas de reconocimiento de habla continua y evaluar técnicas de compensación de los efectos observados. Para llevarlo a cabo se han grabado varias bases de datos específicas que también se describen. Las pruebas realizadas indican que la tasa de acierto del sistema se ve afectada por el valor medio de la frecuencia fundamental, llegando a experimentar una reducción relativa del 38.8% para algunos valores extremos de este parámetro. La aplicación de la técnica MLLR permite compensar en parte esta degradación, experimentándose reducciones de la tasa de error de hasta el 51.9% para los locutores más problemáticos con sólo 10 frases de adaptación

Multielement polynomial chaos Kriging-based metamodelling for Bayesian inference of non-smooth systems

This paper presents a surrogate modelling technique based on domain partitioning for Bayesian parameter inference of highly nonlinear engineering models. In order to alleviate the computational burden typically involved in Bayesian inference applications, a multielement Polynomial Chaos Expansion based Kriging metamodel is proposed. The developed surrogate model combines in a piecewise function an array of local Polynomial Chaos based Kriging metamodels constructed on a finite set of non-overlapping subdomains of the stochastic input space. Therewith, the presence of non-smoothness in the response of the forward model (e.g.~ nonlinearities and sparseness) can be reproduced by the proposed metamodel with minimum computational costs owing to its local adaptation capabilities. The model parameter inference is conducted through a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach comprising adaptive exploration and delayed rejection. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach are validated through two case studies, including an analytical benchmark and a numerical case study. The latter relates the partial differential equation governing the hydrogen diffusion phenomenon of metallic materials in Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy tests

Motor, jogo e necessidades especiais no ensino primário

Resumen: Introducción: dentro de la comunidad científica diversos estudios respaldan la idea de que la actividad física es el soporte del estilo de vida saludable, en el que gracias a su práctica se reduce el riesgo de padecer enfermedades. Además, se ha evidenciado que esta produce mejoras en procesos cognitivos particulares, aportando a la salud mental. Es hasta tiempos recientes donde se ha comenzado a investigar los efectos que produce en la población con capacidades diversas. Objetivos: establecer la relación que existe entre la motricidad, el juego, la educación física y las los alumnos con NEAE en el ámbito educativo. Métodos: todo ello se ha llevado a cabo con consultas bibliográficas y libros para que sea más eficaz su búsqueda. Resultado y discusión: tras la revisión bibliográfica sistematizada llevada a cabo se tiene que el desarrollo infantil se vincula de forma directa con el juego, ya que además de ser una actividad de tipo natural y espontánea a la que los niños dedican todo el tiempo posible, es también el medio por el cual desarrollan su propia personalidad. Se considera pertinente ofrecer respuestas educativas diferenciadas en la programación para atender a los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. Sin embargo, esto no implica la reducción de nivel de las actividades ni de la exigencia. Supone la elección de un camino más adecuado y acorde para alcanzar los objetivos educativos comunes a todo el grupo al que pertenece el menor, tomando en cuenta las situaciones grupales e individuales. Conclusiones: podemos observar que la actividad física adaptada cuenta con un reconocimiento social importante, producto del número de estudios e investigaciones llevados a cabo en su ámbito. Específicamente, al hablar de educación física se identificaron trabajos bajo el apelativo Educación Física Inclusiva, en la que los niños con necesidades especiales están integrados en centros escolares.Abstract: Introduction: Within the scientific community, several studies support the idea that physical activity supports a healthy lifestyle, in which its practice reduces the risk of disease. In addition, it has been shown that it produces improvements in particular cognitive processes, contributing to mental health. It is until recent times that research has begun on the effects it produces on the population with diverse abilities. Objectives: to establish the relationship between motor skills, play, physical education and students with ASD in the educational field. Methods: all this has been carried out with bibliographical consultations and books to make their search more effective. Results and discussion: after the systematized bibliographic review carried out, it was found that child development is directly linked to play, since besides being a natural and spontaneous activity to which children dedicate all the time possible, it is also the means by which they develop their own personality. It is considered pertinent to offer differentiated educational responses in programming to meet the needs of children with special educational needs. However, this does not imply a reduction in the level of activities or demands. It implies the choice of a more adequate and appropriate path to achieve the educational objectives common to the whole group to which the child belongs, taking into account group and individual situations. Conclusions: we can observe that adapted physical activity has an important social recognition, product of the number of studies and researches carried out in its field. Specifically, when talking about physical education, work was identified under the name of Inclusive Physical Education, in which children with special needs are integrated into schools.Resumo: Introdução: Dentro da comunidade científica, vários estudos apoiam a ideia de que a actividade física apoia um estilo de vida saudável, em que a sua prática reduz o risco de doença. Além disso, foi demonstrado que produz melhorias em processos cognitivos específicos, contribuindo para a saúde mental. Foi até há pouco tempo que se iniciou a investigação sobre os efeitos que esta produz na população com capacidades diversas. Objectivos: estabelecer a relação entre as capacidades motoras, o jogo, a educação física e os estudantes com DEA no domínio da educação. Métodos: tudo isto foi realizado com consultas bibliográficas e livros para tornar a sua pesquisa mais eficaz. Resultados e discussão: após a revisão bibliográfica sistematizada realizada, verificou-se que o desenvolvimento da criança está directamente ligado à brincadeira, pois além de ser uma actividade natural e espontânea à qual a criança se dedica o tempo todo, é também o meio pelo qual desenvolve a sua própria personalidade. Considera-se pertinente oferecer respostas educativas diferenciadas na programação para responder às necessidades das crianças com necessidades educativas especiais. No entanto, tal não implica uma redução do nível de actividades ou das exigências. Implica a escolha de um caminho mais adequado e apropriado para alcançar os objectivos educativos comuns a todo o grupo a que a criança pertence, tendo em conta as situações de grupo e individuais. Conclusões: podemos observar que a actividade física adaptada tem um importante reconhecimento social, produto do número de estudos e investigações realizados no seu domínio. Especificamente, ao falar de educação física, identificou-se o trabalho sob o nome de Educação Física Inclusiva, no qual as crianças com necessidades especiais são integradas nas escolas

A female burial with grave goods at the Roman villa of Almenara de Adaja (Valladolid)

Recent works in an area placed North from the pars urbana of the late imperial roman villa at Almenara de Adaja (Valladolid, Spain) have uncovered a female burial with grave goods. These finds suggest the likely situation of a necropolis corresponding to the villa lifetime period. We study the artifacts found in the burial. Results of an analysis on the content of a ceramic vessel found there are also given. This finding complements the available data on the distribution and organization of contemporary habitat and adds up to the known information on cemeteries dating from this time period in the Spanish north inner plateau.Recientes excavaciones efectuadas en un sector de este yacimiento, al norte del edificio de la pars urbana bajoimperial, nos han permitido documentar un enterramiento femenino con ajuar que pone de manifiesto la probable ubicación de la necrópolis coetánea de la villa. Se estudian los integrantes del ajuar y se añaden los resultados del análisis del contenido de un recipiente cerámico del mismo. El hallazgo complementa los datos disponibles sobre la distribución y organización de los diferentes elementos que conforman el hábitat de la época y viene a sumarse a los conocidos sobre las necrópolis de este periodo en la Meseta

Refuerzo de la escayola mediante fibras de lana mineral procedentes del reciclaje de rcd

Con la entrada en vigor del Código Técnico de la edificación el uso de lanas minerales está cada día más generalizado tanto en obras de rehabilitación como en obra nueva. Por lo tanto, la generación de residuos de este tipo de material aislante cobra una mayor importancia. El objetivo principal de la investigación que se presenta en esta ponencia es analizar la viabilidad del reciclaje de fibras obtenidas de las lanas minerales procedentes de los RCD como material alternativo a las fibras de vidrio cortadas que se utilizan en la actualidad como elementos de refuerzo en los prefabricados de yeso. Para ello se realizan series de escayola E-35 aditivadas con residuo de lana de roca y con residuo de lana de vidrio en diferentes porcentajes de adición. Dichas series se repiten cambiando este aditivo por fibra de vidrio E de 25mm de longitud con el fin de realizar un análisis comparativo con respecto a las series aditivadas con residuo de lanas minerales. Todas las series se someten al ensayo Shore C para determinar su dureza superficial y a ensayos mecánicos correspondientes para determinar su resistencia a flexotracción y a compresión. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se concluye que, con residuo de lana de roca se aumenta la Dureza Shore C en todos los porcentajes de adición, llegando a mejorar en un 12% con respecto a la fibra de vidrio, con un porcentaje de adición del 2%. Sin embargo, se obtienen valores inferiores de resistencia a flexotracción para todos sus porcentajes de adición. La mayor diferencia, un 50%, aparece con el porcentaje de adición del 4%. En el ensayo de resistencia a compresión los resultados obtenidos en las series aditivadas con residuo de lana de roca son superiores para todos los porcentajes de adición estudiados. La mayor diferencia aparece para el 3% de adición, en el que las series aditivadas con residuo de lana de roca superan en un 36% a las aditivadas con fibra de vidrio. Con respecto a las series aditivadas con residuo de lana de vidrio se concluye que, mejoran la dureza superficial linealmente en torno al 5% para todos los porcentajes de adición, con respecto a las series aditivadas con fibra de vidrio. Los valores de resistencia a flexotracción son superiores hasta el 3% de adición, llegando esta mejora al 26% con el 1% de adición. Los valores obtenidos en el ensayo de resistencia a compresión son mayores para todos los porcentajes de adición, excepto para el 4%. Esta mejora alcanza el 41% para el porcentaje de adición del 3%. Como conclusión final decir que las series aditivadas con lanas minerales procedentes del reciclaje obtienen mejores resultados en los ensayos realizados que las fibras utilizadas en la actualidad como refuerzo del yeso, por lo que resulta viable su sustitución

Epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole for six Candida species as determined by the colorimetric Sensititre YeastOne method

In the absence of clinical breakpoints (CBP), epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are useful to separate wild-type (WT) isolates (without mechanisms of resistance) from non-WT isolates (those that can harbor some resistance mechanisms), which is the goal of susceptibility tests. Sensititre YeastOne (SYO) is a widely used method to determine susceptibility of Candida spp. to antifungal agents. The CLSI CBP have been established, but not for the SYO method. The ECVs for four azoles, obtained using MIC distributions determined by the SYO method, were calculated via five methods (three statistical methods and based on the MIC50 and modal MIC). Respectively, the median ECVs (in mg/liter) of the five methods for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole (in parentheses: the percentage of isolates inhibited by MICs equal to or less than the ECVs; the number of isolates tested) were as follows: 2 (94.4%; 944), 0.5 (96.7%; 942), 0.25 (97.6%; 673), and 0.06 (96.7%; 849) for Candida albicans; 4 (86.1%; 642), 0.5 (99.4%; 642), 0.12 (93.9%; 392), and 0.06 (86.9%; 559) for C. parapsilosis; 8 (94.9%; 175), 1 (93.7%; 175), 2 (93.6%; 125), and 0.25 (90.4%; 167) for C. tropicalis; 128 (98.6%; 212), 4 (95.8%; 212), 4 (96.0%; 173), and 2 (98.5; 205) for C. glabrata; 256 (100%; 53), 1 (98.1%; 53), 1 (100%; 33), and 1 (97.9%; 48) for C. krusei; 4 (89.2%; 93), 0.5 (100%; 93), 0.25 (100%; 33), and 0.06 (87.7%; 73) for C. orthopsilosis. All methods included =94% of isolates and yielded similar ECVs (within 1 dilution). These ECVs would be suitable for monitoring emergence of isolates with reduced susceptibility by using the SYO method

Recovery of Meteorological Data for the Observatory of A Guarda, Spain

We herein describe the recovery of a series of data on temperature, humidity, precipitation, evaporation, wind, and local weather conditions from documentary sources obtained from the Jesuit observatory of A Guarda (Galicia, Spain) for the period 1881–1896. The data were digitized and made available in accessible electronic formats. Comparisons were made with present-day meteorological data obtained from two nearby stations. We further believe that the discovery of some new complementary documentary sources made during the present research could be a basis for future data recovery efforts. Among these new results, early ozone data from the period are of outstanding importance to meteorologists

Andalusite-sillimanite transformation in peraluminous granites of the Montes de Toledo Batholith: petrogenetical implications

The Montes de Toledo Batholith comprises several felsic peraluminous granitic plutons characterized by the presence of two Al2SiO5 polymorphous: andalusite and sillimanite (as fibrolitic variety). Textural features indicate an igneous origin for andalusite, variably replaced by muscovite and fibrolite around it. We propose a combination of factors to explain this probable magmatic reaction: the decrease in minor element contents of andalusite (Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti) and the increase of volatiles in the melt (B, P, F, H2O) along its cooling. This chemical variation influences the stability of both polymorphs, crystallizing initially igneous andalusite and, when the Fe content decreases, the sillimanite, in relation with muscovite, in a restricted P-T space close to the granite solidus condition

Higher socioeconomic status is related to healthier levels of fatness and fitness already at 3 to 5 years of age: The PREFIT project: Relation between socioeconomic status, fatness and fitness in preschoolers

This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2, 638 preschoolers (3–5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P = 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO2max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life

Hallazgos Clínicos y Anatomopatológicos en Aves White Leghorn Ocasionados por Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale y Escherichia coli en Condiciones Controladas

This study aimed to determine the clinical signs and pathological findings caused for Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Escherichia coli in White Leghorn layers under controlled conditions. A total of 80 replacement hens of five weeks were selected. Before starting the experiment, microbiological tests were conducted in 16 chicks to verify if they were exposed to pathogens. The remaining 64 chicks were distributed in four equal groups (n=16). On day 1 of the experiment G1 and G2 were inoculated via intranasal with 0.6 x 107 UFC/ml of O. rhinotracheale and G3 and G4 (negative control) received brain heart infusion broth. Forty eight hours later, G2 and G3 were inoculated via intranasal with 0.6 x 107 UFC of E. coli. Four chicks per group were slaughtered on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after inoculation and samples were collected from paranasal sinuses, trachea, lung, air sacs and liver for optic and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, histochemical techniques (PAS and Weigert) were used to show the presence of mucus and fibrin in respiratory organs. The study allowed evidencing a delay in the growth rate and presence of lymphoid tissue associated to mucosa in chicks inoculated with O. rhinotracheale and E. coli.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los signos clínicos y los hallazgos anatomopatológicos ocasionados por Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale y Escherichia coli en aves de postura bajo condiciones controladas. Se seleccionaron 80 gallinas ponedoras White Leghorn de cinco semanas de edad. Previo al experimento, se realizaron análisis microbiológicos en 16 aves para chequear si habían sido expuestas a agentes microbianos. Las restantes 64 pollitas fueron distribuidas en cuatro grupos de 16 aves. G1 y G2 fueron inoculadas con 0.6 x 107 UFC/ml de O. rhinotracheale en el día 1 del experimento, y G3 y G4 (control negativo) recibieron caldo cerebro corazón por vía intranasal. En las 48 h siguientes, G2 y G3 fueron inoculadas con 0.6 x 107 UFC de E. coli por vía intranasal. Cuatro pollitas por grupo fueron sacrificadas a los 3, 7, 14 y 21 días de la inoculación y se tomaron muestras de exudados de senos paranasales, tráquea, pulmón, sacos aéreos e hígado para microscopía óptica y electrónica de transmisión. Además se utilizaron técnicas histoquímicas (PAS y Weigert) para demostrar la presencia de mucus y fibrina en órganos respiratorios. El estudio permitió evidenciar un retardo del crecimiento y se demostró alteraciones del tejido linfoide asociado a mucosas en las pollitas inoculadas con O. rhinotracheale y E. coli