705 research outputs found
Maritime Perspective of Panama Interoceanic Railway
In 1977, when the American historian David McCullough wrote a book called ”The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914”, about the social and geographical environment during the Panama Canal construction, he described the transisthmic railway as a complement of the engineering department that French’s company did not know how to take advantage of, because with the Californian gold fever decadence and with the Canal works it would not have had any commercial purpose other than the ridiculous price of passenger tickets. He never imagined that 100 years later this complement will be a key fact in the supply chain of the Latin-American and worldwide trade.
In this paper, we will focus in the logistical map of America, where Panama is the centre. Being the way to connect Asia and America, also both coasts of the American Continent, and the begin/end place of four of the five Feeders highways of Latin America, it turns in the link with the others and with the rest of the world. But they are separated by 76 kilometres that a logistical system converts this distance into a one-hour travel to the next connection.
The challenges of this system are raising everyday as result of di_erent regional trade facts. The
Panamanian complex is playing an important role with the trade balances, the growing economies and transoceanic services with stop in Panama, generating disequilibrium (empty containers problem). The empty containers must follow the empty container cycle since the container is emptied and the customer returns it to the owner, it’s taken to the depot for maintenance, step that is mandatory in order to return to the cycle of export
Primeros datos polínicos de la secuencia "fuentillejo-1" de la laguna del Maar de Fuentillejo (Campo de Calatrava, Ciudad Real)
XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog
Diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación de escritorio como soporte para la toma de decisiones de zonas de control en la asignación de las ayudas agrarias
El control de las ayudas agrarias es imprescindible dentro del contexto normativo de la agricultura europea. Los
procesos de control que realizan las administraciones públicas se basan, en gran medida, en visitas de campo a
zonas concretas que varían anualmente en función de factores definidos para cada campaña. Esta metodología
origina una movilización importante de personal y equipos que redunda en altos costes económicos y temporales, lo
que implica que las zonas elegidas para el control sean las más óptimas posibles para rentabilizar al máximo el
trabajo. Esta necesidad de optimización pone de manifiesto la necesidad de automatizar la selección de las zonas,
tal que los criterios que intervengan en el proceso sean valorados de forma objetiva e imparcial atendiendo a
parámetros que aparecen regulados en la normativa vigente. Este marco planteado es idóneo para el desarrollo y
empleo de un SIG que permita de manera automática, sistemática y objetiva la selección de dichas zonas mediante
una evaluación multicriterio. El objetivo de este trabajo es el desarrollo de una aplicación de escritorio adaptada a
unas necesidades particulares, empleando librerías de código libre para determinar las zonas de control mediante
una evaluación multicriterio.The control of agricultural aid is essential in the context of European agricultural policy. The control processes
carried out by the government are based on field visits to specific areas, such areas change annually depending on
factors for each campaign. This methodology results in a significant mobilization of personnel and equipement
causing high economic costs and time, which means that the areas chosen for the control must be the most optimal
possible to maximize the job. The need for optimization emphasizes the need to automate the selection of areas,
such that the criteria involved in the process must be evaluated objectively and impartially on the basis of
parameters present in the regulations. The framework proposed is suitable for the development and use of a GIS to
automatically enable, the systematic and objective selection of these areas through a multi-criteria evaluation. The
aim of this study is to develop a desktop application adapted to some particular needs, using open source libraries
to identify areas of control via a multicriteria evaluation
Control de campo de ayudas agrarias basado en telefonía móvil
Hoy día, la mayoría de los datos que se manejan llevan asociados una componente geográfica. Bajo este contexto
asistimos a un acercamiento de tecnologías empleadas por usuarios expertos hacia usuarios genéricos. En este
marco se plantea la integración de las nuevas tecnologías en el control de las ayudas agrarias. Actualmente, los
procesos de control de ayudas agrarias se basan fundamentalmente en visitas de campo con objeto de certificar el
uso del suelo. Esta metodología de control origina una movilización importante de personal y equipos, empleando
simultáneamente dispositivos como cámara fotográfica, tablet-PC, GPS, etc. El objetivo de este proyecto ha sido el
desarrollo de una aplicación para telefonía móvil aprovechando los distintos sensores que se encuentran integrados
en él, utilizando terminales que añaden nuevas funcionalidades, asegurando la integridad de la información,
mejorando su correcta interpretación así como estableciendo diferentes canales de difusión. El proyecto se ha
desarrollado bajo Android, empleando librerías de código abierto y de ejecución independiente al fabricante del
dispositivo telefónico. El resultado es un software que integra información de diferentes sensores, presentando el
terminal móvil apto para los trabajos de control de campo, reduciendo el material a emplear y mejorando la
integridad de la información.Today, most data we use is associated with a geographic component. In this context we are witnessing a
convergence in technologies used by expert users to generic users. In this framework we look at the integration of
new technologies in the control of agricultural aid. Currently, control processes agricultural subsidies are
fundamentally based on field visits in order to certify the land use. This control methodology results in a significant
mobilization of personnel and equipment, using devices like a camera, tablet PC, GPS, etc. The objective of this
project has been to develop a mobile application taking advantage of the different sensors that are integrated into it,
using terminals that add new functionality, ensuring data integrity, improving its correct interpretation as well as
establishing different channels diffusion. The project has been developed under Android, using open source libraries
independent to the device manufacturer. The result is software that integrates information from different sensors,
introducing the mobile terminal suitable for the work of field control, reducing the material to be used and improved
data integrity
Asociaciones de crustáceos decápodos de volcanes de fango y fondos adyacentes en aguas españolas del Golfo de Cádiz
Publicado
Field validation of radon monitoring as a screening methodology for NAPL-contaminated sites
Screening methodologies aim at improving knowledge about subsurface contamination processes before expensive intrusive operations, i.e. drilling and core-sampling, well installation and development, sampling of groundwater and free-phase product, are implemented. Blind field tests carried out at a hydrocarbon storage and distribution center in NE Spain suggest that Rn monitoring can be effectively used to locate the boundaries of subsurface accumulations of NAPLs. Sixty seven measurements of Rn in soil air were performed with a SARAD RTM 2100 current-ionization alpha-particle spectrometer following a 10 m square grid. Reductions of 222Rn concentration above a pool of LNAPL due to the preferential partition of Rn into the organic phase were spatially analyzed and resolved to yield the surface contour of the NAPL source zone. This surface trace of the source zone agreed well with the extent and situation inferred from measurements of free-phase thickness taken at eight monitoring wells at the site. Moreover, the good repeatability (as measured by replicate measurements at the same sampling point) and spatial resolution of the technique suggest that the boundaries of the plume can be delineated at the sub-decametre level
Density functional theories and self-energy approaches
A purpose-designed microarray platform (Stressgenes, Phase 1) was utilised to investigate the changes in gene expression within the liver of rainbow trout during exposure to a prolonged period of confinement. Tissue and blood samples were collected from trout at intervals up to 648 h after transfer to a standardised confinement stressor, together with matched samples from undisturbed control fish. Plasma ACTH, cortisol, glucose and lactate were analysed to confirm that the neuroendocrine response to confinement was consistent with previous findings and to provide a phenotypic context to assist interpretation of gene expression data. Liver samples for suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) library construction were selected from within the experimental groups comprising “early” stress (2–48 h) and “late” stress (96–504 h). In order to reduce redundancy within the four SSH libraries and yield a higher number of unique clones an additional subtraction was carried out. After printing of the arrays a series of 55 hybridisations were executed to cover 6 time points. At 2 h, 6 h, 24 h, 168 h and 504 h 5 individual confined fish and 5 individual control fish were used with control fish only at 0 h. A preliminary list of 314 clones considered differentially regulated over the complete time course was generated by a combination of data analysis approaches and the most significant gene expression changes were found to occur during the 24 h to 168 h time period with a general approach to control levels by 504 h. Few changes in expression were apparent over the first 6 h. The list of genes whose expression was significantly altered comprised predominantly genes belonging to the biological process category (response to stimulus) and one cellular component category (extracellular region) and were dominated by so-called acute phase proteins. Analysis of the gene expression profile in liver tissue during confinement revealed a number of significant clusters. The major patterns comprised genes that were up-regulated at 24 h and beyond, the primary examples being haptoglobin, β-fibrinogen and EST10729. Two representative genes from each of the six k-means clusters were validated by qPCR. Correlations between microarray and qPCR expression patterns were significant for most of the genes tested. qPCR analysis revealed that haptoglobin expression was up-regulated approximately 8-fold at 24 h and over 13-fold by 168 h.This project was part funded by the European Commission (Q5RS-2001-02211), Enterprise Ireland and the Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom
Revealing full chemical forms of lead in wine with combined XRF-NMR technologies
Since 1953, The World Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) Member States have reduced the lead maximum limits (ML) in wines, down to 0.05 mg/L (2018). Evidently, this ML value is too restrictive for wine industry as it excludes from international market a significant portion of wine production. Currently, the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods and OIV had recognized the value of gathering robust and novel data to better assess the best lowest ML for wine industry. Currently, there is not a direct statement within international reference documents, of which chemical form of lead must be controlled and/ or reduced. This work presents for the first time a method combining Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies in order to determine presence and concentrations of major and trace elements of lead and other element moieties in wine that can allow to better redefine lead's ML. By identification of K, L, M, radiation shells with additional αβi labelling of lead's major and minor components with semi-quantitative XRF, combined with chemical-shift analysis of inorganic Pb4+, Pb2+ and/or organo-lead within wine samples, we propose a full discrimination framework to disentangle and quantify different chemical forms of lead
- …