A Stochastic MPC Based Energy Management System for Simultaneous Participation in Continuous and Discrete Prosumer-to-Prosumer Energy Markets

This article studies the exchange of self-produced renewable energy between prosumers (and with pure end consumers), through the discrete trading of energy packages and proposes a framework for optimizing this exchange. In order to mitigate the imbalances derived from discrepancies between production and consumption and their respective forecasts, the simultaneous continuous trading of instantaneous power quotas is proposed, giving rise to a time-ahead market running in parallel with a real-time one. An energy management system (EMS) based on stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) simultaneously determines the optimal bidding strategies for both markets, as well as the optimal utilisation of any energy storage system (ESS). Simulations carried out for a heterogeneous group of agents show that those with SMPC-EMS achieve savings of between 3% and 15% in their energy operation economic result. The proposed structures allows the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading between end users without ESS and constitute a viable alternative to avoid deviation penalties in secondary regulation markets.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ‘Retos Investigación 2016’ DPI2016-78338-

Historical importance of wetlands in malaria transmission in southwest of Spain

Malaria is a parasitic disease that is currently affecting a good number of countries with approximately one million deaths per year. Traditionally, this pathology has been related to wetlands and other unhealthy water bodies. It disappeared from most of Western Europe after the Second World War; however, its eradication from Spain took place later. In fact, the WHO didn't oficially declare malaria in Spain eradicated until 1964, after a gradual controlled process of the illness, through the improvement of health and hygienic conditions in the country, and the fight against the vectors, the parasite, and its reservoirs. In 1913, the Spanish regions with the largest number of municipalities with autochthonous malaria were, precisely, those containing larger areas covered by unhealthy water bodies (except for Extremadura). Among them, Western Andalusia outstood as the main region with the largest area of unhealthy malaria focuses and with high mortality and morbidity rates. Within Western Andalusia, Huelva -and especially its coastal areas- has been, for centuries, one of the provinces with greater endemicity. After the Spanish Civil War a process of reforestation with fast-growing species took place in the Coastal Aeolian Sheet of the Province of Huelva, which led to an 88% reduction of the surface covered by ponds in this territory. These lagoons had started a natural regression process by the end of the XIXth Century related to the post-Little Ice Age warming in Andalusia. The parallel evolution of malaria patients and the regression process experienced by these wetlands for the above mentioned reasons have had a determinant influence in the eradication of the disease. All of this leads us to consider the relevant role of wetlands when studying the future risk of malaria reemergence in SW SpainLa Malaria es una enfermedad parasitaria que, actualmente, afecta a numerosos países con alrededor de un millón de fallecidos al año. Tradicionalmente esta patología se ha asociado a humedales y otros cuerpos de agua insalubres. Desapareció de la mayor parte de Europa Occidental después de la II Guerra Mundial, pero en España su erradicación fue más tardía. De hecho hasta 1964, la O.M.S. no declaró erradicada oficialmente la malaria en España, tras un paulatino proceso de control de la enfermedad, mediante la mejora de las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias del país, y las lucha contra los vectores y el parásito, así como sus reservorios. En 1913 las regiones españolas con un mayor número de municipios con paludismo autóctono eran, precisamente, las que tenían una mayor superficie de cuerpos de aguas insalubres (con la excepción de Extremadura). Entre ellas Andalucía Occidental destacaba como la principal región con la mayor superfície de focos palúdicos insalubres, y con una elevada tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad. Dentro de Andalucía Occidental Huelva, y especialmente su litoral, ha sido secularmente una de las provincias con mayor endemicidad. Tras la Guerra Civil Española se inicia un proceso de reforestación en el Manto Eólico Litoral onubense, con especies de crecimiento rápido, que condujo a la reducción del 88% de la superfície de las lagunas turbosas de este territorio. Estas lagunas habían iniciado un proceso natural de regresión a finales del S. XIX asociados a calentamiento posterior a la Pequeña Edad del Hielo en Andalucía. La evolución paralela del número de enfermos de paludismo y el proceso de regresión de estos humedales, por las causas anteriores, ha incluido de manera determinante en la erradicación de la enfermedad. Todo ello nos lleva a considerar el papel relevante de los humedales en el estudio del riesgo futuro de re-emergencia de la malaria en el SW de Españ

Evaluation of the degradation of the graphene-polypropylene composites of masks in harsh working conditions

The recent COVID-19 outbreak has led health authorities to recommend at least the use of surgical masks, most preferably respirators (FFP2 or KN95), to prevent the spread of the virus. Non-woven fabrics have been chosen as the best option to manufacture the face masks, due to their filtration efficiency, low cost, and versatility. Modifying the mask filters with graphene has been of great interest due to its potential use as antibacterial and virucidal properties. Indeed, some companies have commercialized face masks in which graphene is coated and/or embedded. However, the Canadian sanitary authorities advised against using the Shandong Shengquan New Materials Co. graphene masks because of the possibility of pulmonary damage produced by graphene inhalation. Thus, we have analyzed the stability of the graphene filter of these masks and compared it with two other commercially available graphene mask filters, evaluating the morphological and spectroscopical change of the fibers, as well as the particles released during the endurance tests. Our work introduces the necessary tools and methodology to evaluate the potential degradation of face masks under extreme working conditions. These methods complement the present standard tests ensuring the security of the new filters based on composites or nanomaterialsWe thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (projects PID2019- 106268GB-C31 and PID2019-106268GB-C32), the financial support through the “María de Maeztu” Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2018-000805-M) and Banco de Santander CRUE (Fondo Supera COVID-19

Landau theory for magnetic and structural transitions in CeCo0.85Fe0.15Si

We present a phenomenological analysis of the magnetoelastic properties of CeCo0.85Fe0.15Si at temperatures close to the Néel transition temperature T N. Using a Landau functional we provide a qualitative description of the thermal expansion, magnetostriction, magnetization and specific heat data. We show that the available experimental results (Correa et al 2016 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28 346003) are consistent with the presence of a structural transition at and a strong magnetoelastic coupling. The magnetoelastic coupling presents a Janus-faced effect: while the structural transition is shifted to higher temperatures as the magnetic field is increased, the resulting striction at low temperatures decreases. The strong magnetoelastic coupling and the proximity of the structural transition to the onset temperature for magnetic fluctuations, suggest that the transition could be an analogue of the tetragonal to orthorhombic observed in Fe-based pcnictides.Fil: Oropesa, William Gabriel Carreras. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Víctor Félix. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Sereni, Julian Gustavo Renzo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: García García, Jose Daniel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Cornaglia de la Cruz, Pablo Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentin

Population history and genetic variability in the Spanish Arab Horse assessed via pedigree analysis

The studbook of the Spanish Arab Horse was analysed in order to assess the available genetic variability in the population via genealogical analyses and to ascertain the influence of different countries in the formation of the population. The Spanish Arab horse studbook could be traced back to the late 19th century with a total of 18,880 animals. A 15.7% (2965) of the registered individuals were Arab horses imported from foreign populations. The total number of founders was 1626: from these, 1495 individuals were identified as imported from foreign countries. The sum of the genetic contributions of the founders to the population revealed that those imported from the ‘Middle East’, Poland, the United Kingdom and Egypt had a higher importance in the formation of the Spanish Arab Horse, contributing, respectively, 36.4%, 18.7%, 11.9% and 9.1% of the genetic variability. The effective number of founders was 38.6 and the effective number of ancestors was 19 thus characterising the abusive use of a little number of individuals for reproduction. This was due to a breeding policy that included mating between relatives, but also due to the limited availability of reproductive individuals after the Spanish Civil War. The average inbreeding of the population was 7.0% (9.8% for the individuals born during 1995–2004). Individuals with very high levels of inbreeding (≥12.5%) were 17.7% in the whole population and 26.7% of the individuals born in the last decade. Positive genealogical FIS near 2% characterised a breeding policy including matings between relatives. No clear within-population differentiation (inferred via genealogical FST) could be assessed between sire lines (FST = 0.01) and no differentiation between geographical areas existed. Overall, the Spanish Arab Horse can be described as a population without genetic subdivision and with a mating policy and historical constraints that reduced the available genetic variability regardless of the relatively large size of its founder population. The obtained information will be useful to implement a selection program in the Spanish Arab Horse

Minimal model for the magnetic phase diagram of CeTi1-xScxGe, GdFe1-xCoxSi, and related materials

We present a theoretical analysis of the magnetic phase diagram of CeTi1-xScxGe and GdFe1-xCoxSi as a function of the temperature and the Sc and Co concentration x, respectively. CeScGe and GdCoSi, as many other RTX (R = rare earth, T = transition metal, X = p-block element) compounds, present a tetragonal crystal structure where bilayers of R are separated by layers of T and X. While GdFeSi and CeTi0.75Sc0.25Ge are ferromagnetic, CeScGe and GdCoSi order antiferromagnetically with the R 4f magnetic moments on the same bilayer aligned ferromagnetically and magnetic moments in nearest neighbouring bilayers aligned antiferromagnetically. The antiferromagnetic transition temperature TN decreases with decreasing concentration x in both compounds and for low enough values of x the compounds show a ferromagnetic behavior. Based on these observations we construct a simplified model Hamiltonian that we solve numerically for the specific heat and the magnetization. We find a good qualitative agreement between the model and the experimental data. Our results show that the main magnetic effect of the Sc → Ti and Co → Fe substitution in these compounds is consistent with a change in the sign of the exchange coupling between magnetic moments in neighbouring bilayers. We expect a similar phenomenology for other magnetic RTX compounds with the same type of crystal structure.Fil: Carreras Oropesa, William Gabriel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Encina, Sergio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Pedrazzini, Pablo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Víctor Félix. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Sereni, Julian Gustavo Renzo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Vildosola, Veronica Laura. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Constituyentes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García García, Jose Daniel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Cornaglia de la Cruz, Pablo Sebastian. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentin

Selección de una tecnología de banda ancha para la universidad nacional de colombia — sede bogota, usando una técnica de decisión multicriterio

La Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá (U.N. Bogotá) ha planteado un proyecto para mejorar sus servicios de acceso a Internet mediante el empleo de una tecnología de banda ancha. En una fase inicial del proyecto se ha tenido que seleccionar la tecnología más adecuada entre las cuatro disponibles en Colombia: LMDS, ADSL, Cable Modem y Fibra óptica. Para adoptar esta decisión se ha aplicado el proceso analítico le- rárquico (AHP). Este método, basado en el análisis de decisiones multicriterio (MCDA), permite establecer los criterios de decisión, ponderarlos y valorar las alternativas en función de las prioridades que el decisor establezca para cada criterio. Como apoyo en todo el proceso de decisión se ha considerado la opinión de diferentes expertos. En la presente comunicación se expone el proceso seguido con el objetivo de mostrar que el empleo de métodos basados en el análisis de decisiones multicriterio (MCDA) puede resultar útil a la hora de adoptar decisiones complejas.The National University of Colombia, Bogotá, has proposed a prolect for improving Internet access by using broad band technology. Four possible technologies have been selected in the first step: LMDS, ADSL, cable modem and optical fibre. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been applied for taking such decision. This method, based on multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) allows decision-taking criteria to be established, pondered and the alternatives evaluated regarding the priorities established for each criterion. Different experts’ opinions have been considered as support during the decision-making process. MCDA was used for ranking these alternatives. AHP was used for helping such decision-making

Iberian pig efficiency peeling acorns

A functional character of Iberian pigs is their efficiency peeling acorns. This is analized with Iberian pigs on a sample of 40 evergreen oaks. The result is showed as percentage of pulp DM refuse and pulp weigh refuse (18.94±1.19% versus 0.53±0.04 g) with a high variation likely influenced by morphology and weight differences between acorns.Una de las características funcionales del cerdo Ibérico es su eficiencia al pelar las bellotas. Ésta se analiza a partir de cerdos Ibéricos y sobre muestras de 40 encinas. El resultado obtenido, porcentaje de desperdicio de MS de pulpa y peso de la MS de pulpa desperdiciada por bellota (18,94±1,19% versus 0,53±0,04 g) presenta una alta variación previsiblemente influenciada por las diferencias de la morfología y peso de las bellotas