Construcción de un Puente para el Mejoramiento del Acceso a la Vía las Mercedes – Viotá en Tocaima (Cundinamarca)

Este proyecto fue considerado como una oportunidad para mejorar las condiciones de accesibilidad de la vereda la Mercedes en el Municipio de Tocaima, las cuales debido al cruce de la Quebrada Cachimbula con la vía de acceso principal en época de creciente dificultaba el acceso de vehículos en una zona de alta producción agrícola y con desarrollo de infraestructura de relevancia nacional, se propuso como solución la construcción de un puente sobre este cruce, con él se logró en un tiempo de 6 meses cambiar las condiciones y brindar una solución al problema, mejorando las oportunidades comerciales de los habitantes de la zona, así como su desarrollo económico y socialThis project was considered as an opportunity to improve the accessibility conditions of the La Mercedes rural in the Municipality of Tocaima, The crossing of the Cachimbula Creek with the main access road in times of flooding made vehicle access difficult in an area of high agricultural production and infrastructure development of national importance, a bridge over this crossing was proposed as a solution with it, we were able to change the conditions and provide a solution to the problem in a period of 6 months. mejorar las oportunidades de negocio de los habitantes de la zona, as well as its economic and social development

Purificación de curcumina por cromatografía en columna. Propuesta para la enseñanza experimental en química orgánica

Este trabajo describe una propuesta para el mejoramiento de la enseñanza experimental en un laboratorio de química orgánica para la carrera de ingeniería química que se imparte en la FES-Cuautitlán UNAM, por medio de la purificación de curcumina utilizando cromatografía en columna. Los resultados muestran que el protocolo presentado es una excelente alternativa que permite mejorar la enseñanza experimental de la química orgánica a través de un experimento sencillo y con el cual se puede demostrar un principio teórico aplicando diferentes técnicas previamente aprendidas.This paper describes a proposal for the improvement of experimental teaching in an organic chemistry laboratory for the chemical engineering career that is taught at FES-Cuautitlán UNAM, through the purification of curcumin using column chromatography. The results show that the presented protocol is an excellent alternative that allows to improve the experimental teaching of organic chemistry through a simple experiment and with which a theoretical principle can be demonstrated applying different previously learned techniques

La construction de la connaissance sur les caractéristiques de l’apprentissage des mathématiques à travers des analyses de vidéos

En este artículo abordamos la construcción de conocimiento sobre las características de aprendizaje matemático. Nos centramos en cómo tres estudiantes para maestro analizan un video en el que una maestra de primaria trabaja contenidos de geometría con sus alumnos. Mostraremos cómo la discusión del video da a estos tres estudiantes para maestro la oportunidad de mirar profesionalmente el aprendizaje de los alumnos que en él aparecen, movilizando lo aprendido en cursos previos y creando la posibilidad de generar nuevo conocimiento a través de sus intentos por comprender a los alumnos.Neste artigo focamo-nos na construção de conhecimento sobre as características de aprendizagem matemática por três futuros professores dos primeiros anos através da análise de um vídeo onde uma professora explora conteúdos geometria. Mostraremos como a discussão do vídeo permite a estes três futuros professores a oportunidade de analisar as aprendizagens dos alunos, mobilizando as discussões ocorridas na sua própria formação inicial e criando a possibilidade de gerar novos conhecimentos através das suas tentativas de compreender os alunos.In this paper, we approach the development of knowledge of features of the learning of mathematics, by three prospective primary teachers through the analysis of a video where a primary teacher teaches geometry to her pupils. We show how the discussion of the video gives to the three prospective primary teachers the opportunity of professionally noticing pupils’ learning, implementing what they learnt in previous courses and creating the possibility to generate new knowledge when they try to understand the pupils.Cet article traite de la construction de la connaissance des caractéristiques de l'apprentissage des mathématiques de trois étudiants de DPPE (Diplôme Professionnel de Professeur des Écoles) à travers l'analyse d'une vidéo dans laquelle un enseignant de l'école primaire utilise concepts géométriques avec leurs élèves. On va montrer comment la discussion de la vidéo donne à ces trois étudiants de DPPE l’occasion d’observer l'apprentissage des élèves d’une manière professionnel, en utilisant ce qu’ils ont appris et en générant la possibilité de créer de nouvelles connaissances par des tentatives pour comprendre les élèves

Plasmonic-assisted thermocyclizations in living cells using metal−organic framework based nanoreactors

We describe a microporous plasmonic nanoreactor to carry out designed near-infrared (NIR)-driven photothermal cyclizations inside living cells. As a proof of concept, we chose an intramolecular cyclization that is based on the nucleophilic attack of a pyridine onto an electrophilic carbon, a process that requires high activation energies and is typically achieved in bulk solution by heating at ∼90 °C. The core–shell nanoreactor (NR) has been designed to include a gold nanostar core, which is embedded within a metal–organic framework (MOF) based on a polymer-stabilized zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). Once accumulated inside living cells, the MOF-based cloak of NRs allows an efficient diffusion of reactants into the plasmonic chamber, where they undergo the transformation upon near-IR illumination. The photothermal-driven reaction enables the intracellular generation of cyclic fluorescent products that can be tracked using fluorescence microscopy. The strategy may find different type of applications, such as for the spatio-temporal activation of prodrugsThe authors thank the financial support of the MCIN/AEI (PID2020-119206RB-I00, PID2019-108624RB-I00, CTQ2017-84767-P, RYC-2017-23457, RYC-2019-028238-I, RTI2018-093813-J-I00), the Xunta de Galicia (ED431F 2017/02, 2021-CP054, ED431C-2021/25, Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia Accreditation 2019−2022, and ED431G 2019/03), the European Union (European Regional Development Fund − ERDF; H2020-MSCA-IF grant agreement no. 749667; H2020-MSCA-ITN grant agreement no. 860942; H2020-FET-Open grant agreement No. 899612; and INTERREG V-A Spain−Portugal, project 0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E), and the European Research Council (starting grant no. 950421, advanced grant no. 340055). The support of the orfeo-cinqa network (CTQ2016-81797-REDC) is also kindly acknowledgedS

Core-Shell Palladium/MOF Platforms as Diffusion-Controlled Nanoreactors in Living Cells and Tissue Models

Translating the potential of transition metal catalysis to biological and living environments promises to have a profound impact in chemical biology and biomedicine. A major challenge in the field is the creation of metal-based catalysts that remain active over time. Here, we demonstrate that embedding a reactive metallic core within a microporous metal-organic framework-based cloak preserves the catalytic site from passivation and deactivation, while allowing a suitable diffusion of the reactants. Specifically, we report the fabrication of nanoreactors composed of a palladium nanocube core and a nanometric imidazolate framework, which behave as robust, long-lasting nanoreactors capable of removing propargylic groups from phenol-derived pro-fluorophores in biological milieu and inside living cells. These heterogeneous catalysts can be reused within the same cells, promoting the chemical transformation of recurrent batches of reactants. We also report the assembly of tissue-like 3D spheroids containing the nanoreactors and demonstrate that they can perform the reactions in a repeated mannerThe authors thank the financial support of the MINECO ( CTQ2017-89588-R , SAF2016-76689-R , CTQ2017-84767-P , RYC-2014-16962 , and RYC-2017-23457 ), the Xunta de Galicia ( ED431F 2017/02 , 2015-CP082 , ED431C 2017/19 , and Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022, ED431G 2019/03 ), the European Union (European Regional Development Fund [ERDF]; H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 grant agreement no. 749667 ; and INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal [POCTEP] 2014-2020, project 0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E ), and the European Research Council (advanced grant no. 340055 ). Support of the orfeo-cinqa network ( CTQ2016-81797-REDC ) is also kindly acknowledgedS

Use of a glycogenic precursor during the prepartum period and its effects upon metabolic indicators and reproductive parameters in dairy cows

The aim was to evaluate if 1-2 propanodiol plus calcium propionate (glycogenic precursor) supplementation during the transition period in high yielding dairy cows reduces metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions during early lactation. Cows (n= 202) were divided into two homogeneous groups regarding number of lactations and body condition score. 1) Treated group (GG; n= 112) received 60 g/cow/d for15 d of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period. 2) Control group (GC; n= 90) received no treatment. Postpartum levels of beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (GG= 0.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L vs GC =1.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P<0.05), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (GG= 0.6 ± 0.1 mEq/L vs GC = 0.8 ± 0.1 mEq/L; P<0.05) were higher in the GC-group. Similarly, GC-cows had a higher percentage of retained placenta (23 % vs 13 %; P≤0.06) subclinical ketosis (GG= 10 %, GC= 56 %; P<0.05), and mastitis (GG= 8 %, GC= 16 %; P<0.05). Metritis, dystocia, abortions, clinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and ruminal acidosis showed no differences between groups. Administration of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period demonstrated a positive effect upon BHB and NEFA blood levels during early lactation, with parallel decreases of subclinical ketosis and retained placenta; this could be an alternative to enhance the dairy herd reproductive efficiency.The aim was to evaluate if 1-2 propanodiol plus calcium propionate (glycogenic precursor) supplementation during the transition period in high yielding dairy cows reduces metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions during early lactation. Cows (n=202) where divided into two homogeneous groups regarding number of lactations and body condition score. 1) Treated Group (GG; n=112) received 60g/cow/day  15d of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period. 2) Control Group (GC; n = 90) received no treatment. Postpartum levels of BHB (GG= 0.9±0.2 mmol/L vs GC =1.3±0.2 mmol/L; P < 0.05), and NEFA (GG= 0.6 ± 0.1 mEq/L vs GC = 0.8 ± 0.1 mEq/L; P < 0.05) were higher for GC. Likewise, GC-cows had a higher percentage of retained placenta (23% vs. 13%; P ≤ 0.06) subclinical ketosis (GG = 10%, GC = 56%; P < 0.05), and mastitis (GG = 8%, GC = 16%; P < 0.05). Metritis, dystocia, abortions, clinical ketosis, hypocalcemia and ruminal acidosis showed no differences. Administration of a glycogenic precursor during the transition period demonstrated a positive effect upon BHB and NEFA blood levels during early lactation. Also, levels of subclinical ketosis and retained placenta were reduced

Control del crecimiento larvario de la dorada mediante métodos acústicos

En este trabajo se presenta un mecanismo para el control del hinchado de la vejiga natatoria de las larvas de dorada mediante el uso de una ecosonda científica de 200 kHz. Esta técnica tiene como finalidad conocer la cantidad de larvas que han realizado el hinchado de la vejiga, este dato nos ayudará a determinar la calidad de un cultivo larvario por métodos acústicos, que no resultan invasivos para las larvas ni interfieren en su crecimiento. Además, esta técnica permitirá realizar el control del crecimiento larvario en fases posteriores

Experiencia en la ETS de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial en la implantación del Doble Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto y en Ingeniería Mecánica por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

(SPA) En este trabajo se plantea el desarrollo curricular del Doble Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto y en Ingeniería Mecánica. Se exponen los motivos por los que se decidió implantar, se ofrecen datos de demanda, oferta, notas de corte y se presenta un avance de los resultados académicos del primer curso correspondiente a la primera promoción. (ENG) In this work the study plan of the doble degree in Industrial Desing an Product development and in Mechanical Engineering. The reasons why the double dergree was implanted, the demand, the offer and the students academic results of the first class

SEPAR Recommendations for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Respiratory Diseases

La Sociedad Espanola de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) ha elaborado este documento de reco mendaciones sobre la vacuna para la COVID-19 en las enfermedades respiratorias, con el objetivo de ayudar al personal sanitario en la toma de decisiones sobre cómo actuar en la vacunación de estos pacientes. Las recomendaciones han sido elaboradas por un grupo de expertos en la materia, tras la revisión de la literatura recopilada hasta el 7 de marzo del 2021, y de la información aportada por distintas sociedades científicas, agencias del medicamento y estrategias de organismos gubernamentales hasta esa fecha. Podemos concluir que las vacunas para la COVID-19 no solo son seguras y eficaces, sino que, en aquellos pacientes vulnerables con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, son prioritarias. Además, la implicación activa de los profesionales sanitarios que manejan estas patologías en la estrategia de vacunación es clave para lograr una buena adherencia y coberturas vacunales elevadas.The Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) has elaborated this document of recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with respiratory diseases aimed to help healthcare personnel make decisions about how to act in case of COVID-19 vaccination in these patients. The recommendations have been developed by a group of experts in this field after reviewing the materials published up to March 7, 2021, the information provided by different scientific societies, drug agencies and the strategies of the governmental bodies up to this date. We can conclude that COVID-19 vaccines are not only safe and effective, but also prior in vulnerable patients with chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, an active involvement of healthcare professionals, who manage these diseases, in the vaccination strategy is the key to achieve good adherence and high vaccination coverage

Prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among Spanish primary care providers

BackgroundAlcohol use by health care professionals is one of the potential factors that may affect the prevention of hazardous drinking in Primary Care (PC). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use by PC professionals and assess the existing relationship between socio-demographic and occupational variables of PC professionals and their alcohol use.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study was performed. Location: PC sites of the Spanish National Health Care System (NHS). Participants: Physicians and nurses, who completed an online questionnaire intended to identify the pattern of hazardous alcohol use through the AUDIT-C test. The study population was recruited through random sampling stratified by regions of the PC sites in the NHS. The primary measurements: Frequency of alcohol use, number of drinks containing alcohol on a typical day, frequency of six or more drinks on one occasion.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred sixty professionals completed the questionnaire. Hazardous alcohol use was detected in 27.80% (95% CI: 25.5-29.7) of PC providers. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol use was higher in males (34.2%) [95% CI: 30.4-37.6] and professionals aged 56years or over (34.2%) [95% CI: 28.2-40.2]. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a higher hazardous use in males (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.22-1.90), PC physicians (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.01-2.02) and professionals with more time worked (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05).ConclusionOur study shows the current prevalence of hazardous alcohol use among Spanish PC providers, revealing a higher percentage of hazardous alcohol use in healthcare professionals compared to the Spanish general population. Further interventions are required to increase the awareness of negative consequences derived from alcohol use among PC professionals and its impact on the clinical setting