Proyecto para una educación física de calidad en España. Argumentación científica

Este manuscrito recoge la argumentación científica de las siete medidas presentadas al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, en el Posicionamiento del colectivo del Área de Educación Física sobre las mejoras para una Educación Física de Calidad en España.This manuscript includes the scientific arguments of the seven measures submitted to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, in positioning of collective of physical education area on improvements for a physical education of quality in Spain

Posicionamiento del colectivo del área de educación física sobre las mejoras para una educación física de calidad en España

Tras un largo proceso de reflexión y consenso, se presenta al Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes, en nombre de los profesionales de la Educación Física de todos los niveles educativos de España, un posicionamiento único con el fin de trasmitir aquellas pautas y modificaciones que se cree deben acometerse para asegurar a todos los escolares de España, una Educación Física de Calidad. El posicionamiento propuesto consta de siete medidas.After a long process of reflection and consensus, it is submitted to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, on behalf of professionals of physical education of all levels of education in Spain, a unique positioning with the purpose of transmitting those guidelines and modifications that it is believed that they must undertake to ensure a physical education of quality for all Spanish schoolchildren. The proposed positioning consists of seven measures

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Tipología del alumnado de educación secundaria en las clases de educación física. Intervención del profesorado

Siempre hemos oído que conocer al alumnado es una obligación fundamental para los profesores. Sin embargo este conocimiento de los alumnos y alumnas suele ser estereotipado y centrado en características biológicas, motrices y psicosociales, amén de ser general; sin analizar el comportamiento del alumnado en su "hábitat", es decir, el patio o pabellón deportivo donde damos nuestras clases. En este artículo y tras una introducción donde se plantea esta necesidad; se presenta una tipología de los alumnos en ese "hábitat". No obstante conocer a los alumnos no es suficiente. Ese conocimiento tiene que servir para que los profesores seamos capaces de prestarles la ayuda necesaria, para que aprovechen las clases y acaben "amando", o como mínimo sintiéndose "seducidos" por la actividad física. Por tanto, tras la tipología propiamente dicha, se propone una intervención a la medida de cada "tipo" de alumno

Claves para el éxito de la participación comunitaria: diálogos sobre participación en el ámbito local. Informe SESPAS 2018

Resumen: En los últimos años han surgido en el ámbito local diferentes experiencias exitosas en el campo de la participación comunitaria en salud. El presente artículo reproduce un diálogo entre diferentes actores acerca de las claves que pueden facilitar que estas experiencias comunitarias lleguen a ser exitosas. El formato elegido es una conversación semiestructurada articulada a través de diferentes elementos relativos al contexto actual, las dificultades identificadas, las herramientas de trabajo y finalmente los aspectos que podrían facilitar el desarrollo de experiencias exitosas. La mayor parte de las experiencias comunitarias en las que se ha basado la realización de este análisis cualitativo parten de espacios intersectoriales de trabajo, en su mayoría mesas intersectoriales municipales y consejos de salud, en las que participan los autores del trabajo. El desarrollo de un modelo más participativo e inclusivo dentro del campo de acción comunitaria no está exento de dificultades, pero se dispone de instrumentos con los que promover la participación de la ciudadanía en la toma de decisiones relativas a su salud y la de su comunidad. Para facilitar la implementación de experiencias exitosas es necesario articular diferentes herramientas normativas, técnicas y metodológicas, así como orientar nuestras intervenciones a promover la inclusión de la participación en todas las fases del ciclo de intervención, incluyendo una perspectiva de salud en todas las políticas y actuando sobre determinantes desde un enfoque de equidad. Abstract: In recent years, successful local health interventions have emerged in the field of community engagement in health. This paper presents a dialogue between different local actors about the key aspects which can enhance the success of these community experiences. The format chosen for our work is a semi-structured conversation where authors discuss different aspects related to the current context of community engagement in health, the identified barriers to participating, and the effective tools which might facilitate the development of successful experiences. Most of the community experiences, which are the basis of this analysis, are found in intersectoral workspaces; mainly in local committees and health councils, in which the authors of this paper are involved. Developing an inclusive model of community engagement is challenging, but we rely on different tools that allow us to promote the participation of citizens in the decisions taken concerning their health and that of their community. To facilitate the development of successful experiences, it is necessary to combine different normative, technical and methodological tools. Furthermore, we also need to guide our intervention to promote participation in all phases of the intervention cycle, including a health perspective in all the policies, and acting on determinants from an equity perspective. Palabras clave: Salud comunitaria, Salud pública, Participación comunitaria, Keywords: Community health, Public health, Community engagemen

Design of cancer vaccines based on the use of non-natural glycopeptides with β-amino acids

The Tn antigen (GalNAc--1-O-Thr) is a well-known tumor-associated carbohydratedeterminant. The use of glycopeptides that incorporate this structure (such as the mucin 1, MUC1)has become a promising research niche owing to their potential use as cancer vaccines [1].Nevertheless, the current vaccine candidates have, in general, weak immune response in vivo dueto their poor stability and inmunogenicity [2]. To tackle this issue, we will modify several residuesin the peptide sequence of MUC1 by unnatural amino acids and conjugate them to silicananoparticles (SiNP), which have luminescent properties and low toxicity.In a first approximation, several natural amino acids of MUC1 will be replaced by their -aminoacids analogous [3] and the arginine residue by another surrogate bearing a fluorine atom.In this communication, the synthetic routes, and challenges in obtaining the surrogates will bedescribed. A library of glycopeptides containing -amino acids and the affinity of theglycopeptides for the SM3 antibody will be presented. These preliminary results will be discussedalong with future prospects

Ellagic acid and its metabolites urolithins A/B ameliorate most common disease phenotypes in cellular and mouse models for lysosomal storage disorders by enhancing extracellular vesicle secretion

Niemann Pick diseases types A (NPDA) and C (NPDC) are lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) leading to cognitive impairment, neurodegeneration, and early death. NPDA and NPDC have different genetic origins, being caused by mutations in the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) or the cholesterol transport protein NPC1, respectively. However, they share a common pathological hallmark in the accumulation of lipids in the endolysosomal compartment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that polyphenols reduce lipid overload in NPD cells by enhancing the secretion of extracellular vesicles (ECVs). We show that among the polyphenols tested, the ellagic acid metabolites, urolithin A and B, were the safest and most efficient in increasing ECV secretion. They reduced levels of accumulating lipids and lysosomal size and permeabilization in cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages and neurons from ASMko and NPC1 mutant mice, which mimic NPDA and NPDC, respectively. Moreover, oral treatment with ellagic acid reduced lipid levels, ameliorated lysosomal alterations, and diminished microglia activation in the brain of NPD mice. These results support the therapeutic value of ECV secretion and polyphenols for NPDs, which may also help treat other LSDs characterized by intracellular lipid overload