La socialización a través de los iguales en la juventud: las tribus urbanas en Extremadura

La importancia del grupo en los jóvenes es esencial. para realizar la entrada en el mundo de los adultos y para la adquisición del logro de identidad el adolescente necesita: • independizarse emocional y afectivamente de la familia y cambiar los vínculos hasta ahora infantiles con los apdres, por otros de independencia y autonomía • afirmarse frente a los adutos • identificarse con nuevos modelos significativos, en el sentido de erikson. La importancia del grupo unas veces es beneficiosa y otras no. el adolescente puede ser consciente de ello, pero necesita encontrar apoyo en alguien porque no tiene experiencia para caminar con independencia. cuanto mayor es la distancia de la familia, mas necesita a los amigos. Según didier anzieu, la banda tiene en común la similitud. cuando los individuos se reúnen voluntariamente, por el placer de estar juntos, por la búsqueda de lo semejante, se trata de una banda. consiste en buscar en los “congéneres” modos de pensar y de sentir idénticos a los propios, sin ser necesariamente conscientes de ello. el placer de formar parte de la banda proviene de la supresión de la exigencia de adaptarse, al precio de una tensión psíquica penosa, a un universo adulto o social y a sus reglas de pensamiento y de conducta. además, la banda ofrece a sus miembros la seguridad y el soporte afectivo del que carecen, es decir un sustituto del afecto. “Podríamos decir que pandillas, bandas, simplemente agrupaciones de jóvenes que visten de forma similar y llamativa, que poseen hábitos comunes, que les gusta la misma música y hasta lugares fijos de reunión, podrían denominarse tribus urbanas”. Es importante que los profesionales que trabajan con jóvenes, ya sean psicólogos, docentes, médicos, educadores sociales etc. conozcan estos grupos: góticos, tuneros, moteros ,hiphoperos, frikis, neohippies, cutrefamosos, mods, lolailos, pijos, bakalas, punks, indies, skins, heavys, pachangueros, heavys etc. para poder intervenir psicológicamente con ellos.The importance of the group in the young men is essential. To realize the entry in the world of the adults and for the acquisition of the achievement of the identity the teenager needs: - To identify emotionally and affectively of the family and to change the links, till now infantile with the parents, others of independence and autonomy. - To steady itself (himself, herself) opposite to the adults. - To identify with new significant models, in Erikson’s sense. This formation (training) of the groups on the part of the young men acquires a great importance for the influence that it (he, she) can exercise on them. We know that a few times I it (she) is beneficial and others not, and even the teenager can be conscious of it, but it(he, she) needs to find support somewhere, because they are not experienced to walk with independence. Major all that is the distance with the family, more he (she) needs the friends. According to Didier Anzieu: the band has jointly the similarity. When the individuals meet voluntarily, for the pleasure of being united, for the search of the similar thing, it is a question of a band. It (he,she) consists of looking in the other people for manners of thinking and of feeling identical the own(proper) ones, without be necessarily conscious of it. The pleasure of forming a part of the band comes from the suppression of the exigency from adapting, at the cost of a psychic painful tension, to an adult or social universe and to his (her,your) rules of thought and of conduct. In addition, the band offers to his(her,your) members the safety and the affective support which they lack, that is to say, a substitute of the love. “ Gangs, bands, simply young men’s(women’s) groups that dress of similar form and showy, that possess common habits, which they like the same music and up to fixed places of eeting, might be named urban tribes. It is important that the professionals who work with young men(women) are psychologists, educators, medical, pedagogues know these groups: Gothic, tuneros, hiphoperos, neohippies, cutrefamosos, mods, lolailos, rich kids, bakalas, puks, indies, skins, heavys... to be able to intervene psychologically with them.peerReviewe

La socialización a través de los iguales en la juventud: las tribus urbanas en Extremadura

La importancia del grupo en los jóvenes es esencial. para realizar la entrada en el mundo de los adultos y para la adquisición del logro de identidad el adolescente necesita: • independizarse emocional y afectivamente de la familia y cambiar los vínculos hasta ahora infantiles con los apdres, por otros de independencia y autonomía • afirmarse frente a los adutos • identificarse con nuevos modelos significativos, en el sentido de erikson. La importancia del grupo unas veces es beneficiosa y otras no. el adolescente puede ser consciente de ello, pero necesita encontrar apoyo en alguien porque no tiene experiencia para caminar con independencia. cuanto mayor es la distancia de la familia, mas necesita a los amigos. Según didier anzieu, la banda tiene en común la similitud. cuando los individuos se reúnen voluntariamente, por el placer de estar juntos, por la búsqueda de lo semejante, se trata de una banda. consiste en buscar en los “congéneres” modos de pensar y de sentir idénticos a los propios, sin ser necesariamente conscientes de ello. el placer de formar parte de la banda proviene de la supresión de la exigencia de adaptarse, al precio de una tensión psíquica penosa, a un universo adulto o social y a sus reglas de pensamiento y de conducta. además, la banda ofrece a sus miembros la seguridad y el soporte afectivo del que carecen, es decir un sustituto del afecto. “Podríamos decir que pandillas, bandas, simplemente agrupaciones de jóvenes que visten de forma similar y llamativa, que poseen hábitos comunes, que les gusta la misma música y hasta lugares fijos de reunión, podrían denominarse tribus urbanas”. Es importante que los profesionales que trabajan con jóvenes, ya sean psicólogos, docentes, médicos, educadores sociales etc. conozcan estos grupos: góticos, tuneros, moteros ,hiphoperos, frikis, neohippies, cutrefamosos, mods, lolailos, pijos, bakalas, punks, indies, skins, heavys, pachangueros, heavys etc. para poder intervenir psicológicamente con ellos.The importance of the group in the young men is essential. To realize the entry in the world of the adults and for the acquisition of the achievement of the identity the teenager needs: - To identify emotionally and affectively of the family and to change the links, till now infantile with the parents, others of independence and autonomy. - To steady itself (himself, herself) opposite to the adults. - To identify with new significant models, in Erikson’s sense. This formation (training) of the groups on the part of the young men acquires a great importance for the influence that it (he, she) can exercise on them. We know that a few times I it (she) is beneficial and others not, and even the teenager can be conscious of it, but it(he, she) needs to find support somewhere, because they are not experienced to walk with independence. Major all that is the distance with the family, more he (she) needs the friends. According to Didier Anzieu: the band has jointly the similarity. When the individuals meet voluntarily, for the pleasure of being united, for the search of the similar thing, it is a question of a band. It (he,she) consists of looking in the other people for manners of thinking and of feeling identical the own(proper) ones, without be necessarily conscious of it. The pleasure of forming a part of the band comes from the suppression of the exigency from adapting, at the cost of a psychic painful tension, to an adult or social universe and to his (her,your) rules of thought and of conduct. In addition, the band offers to his(her,your) members the safety and the affective support which they lack, that is to say, a substitute of the love. “ Gangs, bands, simply young men’s(women’s) groups that dress of similar form and showy, that possess common habits, which they like the same music and up to fixed places of eeting, might be named urban tribes. It is important that the professionals who work with young men(women) are psychologists, educators, medical, pedagogues know these groups: Gothic, tuneros, hiphoperos, neohippies, cutrefamosos, mods, lolailos, rich kids, bakalas, puks, indies, skins, heavys... to be able to intervene psychologically with them.peerReviewe

Quality of Life and Autonomy in Patients with Intermittent Bladder Catheterization Trained by Specialized Nurses

Intermittent bladder catheterization (IBC) involves regular urine draining using a catheter, which is removed immediately after urinary elimination. It allows for the patient's urological health to be managed and their renal function to be preserved, and it promotes autonomy. Compliance with the prescribed number of daily catheterizations, which must be conducted by the patient, and infection prevention measures are crucial. To identify the patients requiring IBC, and to determine their adherence (whether they followed the prescribed guidelines and their difficulty in carrying out the procedure, as well as to assess how the IBC influences their quality of life and state of mind after receiving self-care training from a specialized nurse), we carried out a prospective, multicenter observational study in 24 Spanish hospitals with one month of monitoring and a sample of 99 patients. The sources of information were the patients' clinical records, the King's Health Questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to analyses the paired data. After recruitment (n = 99), 79 patients completed the questionnaire at a mean age of 35.2 years (SD = 20.5 years). In total, 53.5% (53) of the sample consisted of men and 32.3% (32) had neurological damage as the reason for prescription; 67% (67.7) performed self-catheterization and 86.7% adhered to the IBC. After one month of monitoring, a statistically significant improvement in quality of life was observed in all criteria, with the exception of personal relationships (p < 0.005), as well as an improvement in anxiety and depression levels (p < 0.001). Patients who require IBC show good adherence to the IBC with a significant percentage of self-catheterization. After one month of IBC, a significant improvement in the patients' quality of life and mood was observed. These results could be attributed to adequate patient training and adequate personalization of the IBC materials by the specialized nurses

Emprende Educación (EMED)

El proyecto se centra en el desarrollo de la Competencia Transversal del Grado de Educación Social (CT5): Valorar la importancia del liderazgo, el espíritu emprendedor, la creatividad y la innovación en el desempeño profesional. Se enmarca, por tanto, en la línea ocho de la convocatoria de Innova – Docencia: Fomento de la Inserción laboral y el emprendimiento entre los estudiantes. El proyecto se vertebra a partir de dos objetivos: 1) Transversalizar en la docencia del Grado de Educación Social un enfoque centrado en el desarrollo de la Competencia Emprendedora para poder vincular los diversos contenidos de las asignaturas con el desarrollo futuro de proyectos de Emprendimiento Social. 2) Despertar en los alumnos la iniciativa emprendedora como una oportunidad laboral real en el ámbito de la Educación Social para la mejora de su empleabilidad. Pretende fortalecer las metodologías participativas y colaborativas en el diseño, la aplicación y el desarrollo de la competencia emprendedora ligada al contenido de las diversas asignaturas del Grado Educación Social

Viral RNA load in plasma is associated with critical illness and a dysregulated host response in COVID‑19

Background. COVID-19 can course with respiratory and extrapulmonary disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in respiratory samples but also in blood, stool and urine. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a dysregulated host response to this virus. We studied whether viral RNAemia or viral RNA load in plasma is associated with severe COVID-19 and also to this dysregulated response. Methods. A total of 250 patients with COVID-19 were recruited (50 outpatients, 100 hospitalized ward patients and 100 critically ill). Viral RNA detection and quantification in plasma was performed using droplet digital PCR, targeting the N1 and N2 regions of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein gene. The association between SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and viral RNA load in plasma with severity was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Correlations between viral RNA load and biomarkers evidencing dysregulation of host response were evaluated by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficients. Results. The frequency of viral RNAemia was higher in the critically ill patients (78%) compared to ward patients (27%) and outpatients (2%) (p < 0.001). Critical patients had higher viral RNA loads in plasma than non-critically ill patients, with non-survivors showing the highest values. When outpatients and ward patients were compared, viral RNAemia did not show significant associations in the multivariate analysis. In contrast, when ward patients were compared with ICU patients, both viral RNAemia and viral RNA load in plasma were associated with critical illness (OR [CI 95%], p): RNAemia (3.92 [1.183–12.968], 0.025), viral RNA load (N1) (1.962 [1.244–3.096], 0.004); viral RNA load (N2) (2.229 [1.382–3.595], 0.001). Viral RNA load in plasma correlated with higher levels of chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2), biomarkers indicative of a systemic inflammatory response (IL-6, CRP, ferritin), activation of NK cells (IL-15), endothelial dysfunction (VCAM-1, angiopoietin-2, ICAM-1), coagulation activation (D-Dimer and INR), tissue damage (LDH, GPT), neutrophil response (neutrophils counts, myeloperoxidase, GM-CSF) and immunodepression (PD-L1, IL-10, lymphopenia and monocytopenia). Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and viral RNA load in plasma are associated with critical illness in COVID-19. Viral RNA load in plasma correlates with key signatures of dysregulated host responses, suggesting a major role of uncontrolled viral replication in the pathogenesis of this disease.This work was supported by awards from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Canadian 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Rapid Research Funding initiative (CIHR OV2 – 170357), Research Nova Scotia (DJK), Atlantic Genome/Genome Canada (DJK), Li-Ka Shing Foundation (DJK), Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation (DJK), the “Subvenciones de concesión directa para proyectos y programas de investigación del virus SARS‐CoV2, causante del COVID‐19”, FONDO–COVID19, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20/00110, CIBERES, 06/06/0028), (AT) and fnally by the “Convocatoria extraordinaria y urgente de la Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, para la fnanciación de proyectos de investigación en enfermedad COVID-19” (GRS COVID 53/A/20) (CA). DJK is a recipient of the Canada Research Chair in Translational Vaccinology and Infammation. APT was funded by the Sara Borrell Research Grant CD018/0123 funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-fnanced by the European Development Regional Fund (A Way to Achieve Europe programme). The funding sources did not play any role neither in the design of the study and collection, not in the analysis, in the interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Didáctica (lengua y literatura)

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónResumen y palabras clave disponibles en español y en inglésSe persigue, por un lado, describir las actitudes y motivaciones para aprender inglés como segunda lengua entre un grupo de inmigrantes hispanos residentes en Nueva York y por otro, señalar las posibles causas por las que los individuos encuestados no hablaban inglés después de haber vivido en Estados Unidos durante años. Se extrajeron conclusiones sobre qué actitudes producen motivación y cuáles parecen impedir que los inmigrantes aprendan inglés.ES

Neonatal Antibiotic Treatment Can Affect Stool Pattern and Oral Tolerance in Preterm Infants

Preterm neonates are at high risk of infectious and inflammatory diseases which require antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics influence neonatal gut microbiome development, and intestinal dysbiosis has been associated with delayed gastrointestinal transit. Neonates who take less time to pass meconium have a better tolerance to enteral feeding. We analyzed the effect of neonatal antibiotic treatment on the stool pattern and oral tolerance in 106 preterm infants &lt; 33 weeks gestational age. Neonates were classified in 3 groups according to neonatal antibiotic (ABT) treatment days: no antibiotics, 3&ndash;7 d ABT, and &ge;8 d ABT. Preterm infants from the &ge;8 d ABT group took longer to pass meconium and to start green and yellow stools, took longer to reach 100 and 150 mL/kg/day, and reached reduced volumes in enteral feeds at day of life 14 and 28 than infants from no ABT and 3&ndash;7 d ABT groups. Multiple linear regression models showed that neonatal antibiotic treatment, birth weight, invasive mechanical ventilation, surfactant, enteral feeding start day, neonatal parenteral nutrition, and neonatal fasting days are associated with the stool pattern and oral tolerance in preterm infants

Las emociones en la enseñanza de las ciencias

En la primera parte del artículo, se incide en la importancia del estudio de las emociones desde la didáctica de las ciencias, así como en la necesidad de establecer programas de intervención metacognitivos y metaemocionales, tanto en el aprendizaje como en la formación del profesorado, para que alumnos y profesores puedan conocer sus emociones, controlarlas y autorregularlas. En la segunda parte, nos centramos en las emociones en el conocimiento didáctico del contenido del profesorado de ciencias, incluyendo algunos resultados tanto del diagnóstico emocional del profesorado, según distintas variables, como del programa de intervención de la Universidad de Extremadura.The first part of this communication highlights the importance of studying emotions in the context of science teaching. It also examines the need for programs of meta-emotional and metacognitive intervention in learning and teacher education that are aimed at both the future teachers’ and their pupils’ gaining awareness of, and then controlling and self-regulating, their emotions. The second part focuses on the role emotions play in science teachers’ pædagogical content knowledge, with the presentation of some results concerning the University of Extremadura’s intervention program and the emotional diagnosis of teachers

Elevated levels of Secreted-Frizzled-Related-Protein 1 contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

The deposition of aggregated amyloid-β peptides derived from the pro-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precurson protein (APP) into characteristic amyloid plaques (APs) is distinctive to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Alternative APP processing via the metalloprotease ADAM10 prevents amyloid-β formation. We tested whether downregulation of ADAM10 activity by its secreted endogenous inhibitor secreted-frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is a common trait of sporadic AD. We demonstrate that SFRP1 is significantly increased in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD, accumulates in APs and binds to amyloid-β, hindering amyloid-β protofibril formation. Sfrp1 overexpression in an AD-like mouse model anticipates the appearance of APs and dystrophic neurites, whereas its genetic inactivation or the infusion of α-SFRP1-neutralizing antibodies favors non-amyloidogenic APP processing. Decreased Sfrp1 function lowers AP accumulation, improves AD-related histopathological traits and prevents long-term potentiation loss and cognitive deficits. Our study unveils SFRP1 as a crucial player in AD pathogenesis and a promising AD therapeutic target.Spanish MINECO (BFU2013-43213-P; BFU2016-75412-R with FEDER support), Fundación Tatiana Perez de Guzman el Bueno and CIBERER to PB and PE, and FIS PI11/3035 to AL. JRC (BES-2011-047189), MIM (BES-2014-068797) and GP (BES-2017-08031 and Fundación Ramon Areces.Peer reviewe