Brown algae as heavy metals and nitrogen biomonitors of coastal areas: a review of protocols

Since the 1950s, marine macroalgae have been used as biomonitors of pollution (including heavy metals, organic compounds, or radioactive elements, among others). These organisms have the ability to bioconcentrate bioavailable compounds from the environment, and through a chemical analysis of their tissues, are used as indicators of water quality. However, despite their relevance, there is no standardized protocols for their use as a tool in environmental monitoring programmess. The harmonization of protocols is very important because algae are often included in legislative measurements, and the lack of scientifically based protocols can lead to deficiencies in such regulations. Therefore, an exhaustive study of the use of marine macroalgae in biomonitoring, as well as the standardization of some important methodological aspects of the technique, such as the sampling design, the type of sample, etc., has been carried out in this Doctoral Thesis in order to contribute to the standardization of this technique

Wave packet study of the Ar–HBr photolysis: Stereodynamical effects

7 pages, 6 figures.The ultraviolet photolysis of Ar–HBr(v = 1) is studied through wave packet dynamics simulations, focusing on the fragmentation pathway Ar–HBr + H + Ar–Br. Photolysis starts from two initial states of Ar–HBr(v = 1) with a different angular shape, namely the ground and the first excited van der Waals (vdW) states, corresponding to the Ar–H–Br and Ar–Br–H isomers, respectively. It is found that the yield of Ar–Br radical products is substantially higher for the initial excited vdW state of the cluster, where H dissociation is less hindered. In addition, the yield of radical formation is much higher in the Ar–HBr(v = 1) photolysis than that previously found in the Ar–HCl(v = 0) case, even for the ground vdW state, where the initial angular distribution of both clusters is similar. Another unexpected difference is that Ar–HCl(v = 0) photolysis exhibits strong manifestations of quantum interference, while these effects are much weaker in Ar–HBr(v = 1). A lower probability of the first collision between the recoiling hydrogen and the Ar atom in the case of Ar–HBr(v = 1), due to geometrical differences between its initial state and that of Ar–HCl(v = 0), is suggested to explain the different photolysis behavior of both clusters. The implications of the present findings in the photolysis of other related precursor clusters are discussed.This work was supported by C.I.C.Y.T. (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tegnología), Spain, Grant No. BFM-2001-2179, and by the European network TMR, Grant No. HPRN-CT- 1999-00005.Peer reviewe

El turismo ibérico: un estudio de la afluencia turística

La importancia del Turismo en el contexto económico europeo es, en la actualidad, un importante motor de desarrollo e impulso para muchos otros sectores de la Economía. Las alteraciones demográficas, la mejoría de los niveles de calidad de vida, la evolución de los transportes y la globalización, han sido factores determinantes en el crecimiento de la actividad turística. Caracterizada por la diversidad de atracciones y por una elevada calidad en sus servicios de turismo, la Europa es hoy el principal destino turístico del mundo. En el contexto ibérico, esta realidad no es diferente. En España y Portugal, el Turismo es hoy un sector transversal, con implicaciones en muchas otras actividades económicas. Asume pues extrema importancia la caracterización de las estructuras de afluencia turística en las diversas regiones de España y Portugal, con vista al mejoramiento y adaptación de la oferta, a un perfil de turista específico. En este estudio se ha procedido a una caracterización de la estructura de la afluencia turística en las diferentes regiones ibéricas, según la proveniencia geográfica de los turistas que mayoritariamente las visitan.he importance of the Tourism in the European economic context is, at the present time, an important development motor and pulse for many other sections of the Economy. The demographic alterations, the improvement of the levels of life quality, the evolution of transports and the globalization, have been decisive factors in the growth of the tourist activity. Characterized by the diversity of attractions anda high quality in its services of tourism, Europe is toda y the main tourist destiny of the world. In the Iberian context, this reality is not different. In Spain and Portugal, the Tourism is toda y a traverse section, with implications in many other economic activities. lt assumes it carries toan extreme importance the characterization of the structures of tourist aftluence in the severa! areas of Spain and Portugal, with view to the improvement and adaptation of the offer, toa profile of specific tourist. In this study we proceed to a characterization of the structure of the tourist aftluence in the different Iberian areas, according to the tourists' geographical provenience that mainly visits them

¿Cuáles son las implicaciones del terremoto en las relaciones entre Haití y la República Dominicana?

Este ARI estudia el papel que ha jugado la República Dominicana en la ayuda de emergencia tras el terremoto en Haití y cómo se han abierto nuevas posibilidades en las relaciones entre ambos países. Haití, el país más pobre de América Latina, fue afectado por un terremoto que ha sido considerado como una de las catástrofes más graves de la historia reciente, concitando la atención de la comunidad internacional. La crisis derivada de la catástrofe está teniendo, y tendrá, efectos sobre las relaciones políticas, económicas y sociales entre Haití y la República Dominicana: ambos Estados comparten frontera y conviven en una misma isla. Este ARI plantea que tras la tragedia del terremoto surge un escenario con incertidumbre pero con oportunidades para superar los obstáculos que han caracterizado las relaciones entre los dos países en el pasado: ambos han profundizado sus diferencias políticas, sociales y económicas por razones históricas desde el nacimiento moderno de la República Dominicana en 1844 tras su guerra de independencia contra Haití. Para contribuir a que estas oportunidades se realicen, es importante desarrollar un enfoque regional e insular que afronte desafíos comunes en las áreas de gobernabilidad democrática, sostenibilidad ambiental, mercados y economía, y políticas sociales que son esenciales para promover el desarrollo humano y el avance de los derechos humanos de la población de ambos Estados

Awake prone decubitus positioning in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and metaanalysis

Review[Abstract] To date, recommendations for the implementation of awake prone positioning in patients with hypoxia secondary to SARSCoV2 infection have been extrapolated from prior studies on respiratory distress. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the benefits of pronation on the oxygenation, need for endotracheal intubation (ETI), and mortality of this group of patients. We carried out a systematic search in the PubMed and Embase databases between June 2020 and November 2021. A randomeffects metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the impact of pronation on the ETI and mortality rates. A total of 213 articles were identified, 15 of which were finally included in this review. A significant decrease in the mortality rate was observed in the group of pronated patients (relative risk [RR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.480.99; p = 0.044), but no significant effect was observed on the need for ETI (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.631.00; p = 0.051). However, a subgroup analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) did reveal a significant decrease in the need for this intervention (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.710.97). Prone positioning was found to significantly reduce mortality, also diminishing the need for ETI, although this effect was statistically significant only in the subgroup analysis of RCTs. Patients’ response to awake prone positioning could be greater when this procedure is implemented early and in combination with noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) or highflow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy

Diseño de un modelo de gestión del conocimiento en la empresa Protécnica Ingeniería s.a.

80 páginas :ilustraciones, gráficosThe main purpose was to Design a model of Knowledge Management for Protecnica lngenieria S.A, looking for improve the performance of processes and an Optical Technical Assistance for the customers, as a different factor that provides competitive advantages in the sector. The information of interviews, documentary review and observations of the corporate environment was structured by the cataloged ones, identifying strengths and weaknesses of the key elements regarding the current situation of knowledge management. The design is based on the principle of concurrence of elements of the QMS quality management system and its convergence and transversally with the knowledge management system for innovation, this is in the planning of strategies and joint actions that at various levels Company has designed as well as use of the common resources so that the SGC sea one of the vehicles to build the management of the Knowledge according to the needs and the present and future challenges. This design focuses on robust training schemes conducive to the concept of "corporate university", incorporating principles of "learning companies", managing JCT use that supports databases and computer resources in particular focused on strengthening the differential factor as a company of chemical specialtiesSe planteó diseñar un modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento para Protécnica ingeniería S.A, buscando mejorar desempeño de procesos y una óptima asistencia técnica hacia los clientes, como factor diferenciador que brinde ventajas competitivas frente a su sector. La información de entrevistas, revisión documental y observaciones del entorno corporativo, fue estructurada según aspectos previamente catalogados, identificando fortalezas y debilidades de los elementos claves respecto de la situación actual de la gestión del conocimiento. El diseño se sustenta en el principio de concurrencia de elementos del sistema de gestión de calidad SGC y su convergencia y transversalidad con el sistema de gestión del conocimiento para la innovación, esto consiste en la planeación de estrategias y acciones conjuntas que desde los distintos niveles de la compañía se diseñen, así como uso de recursos comunes para que el SGC sea uno de los vehículos para construir gestión del conocimiento acorde a las necesidades y desafíos actuales y futuros. Este diseño se focaliza en esquemas robustos de capacitación conducentes al concepto de "universidad corporativa", incorporando principios de las "empresas que aprenden", gestionando uso de TIC que soporten bases de datos e instrumentos informáticos en especial enfocados a fortalecer el factor diferenciador como empresa de especialidades químicasMagíster en Gerencia de la Innovación EmpresarialMaestrí

Comparison between Airborne Pollen and Aeroallergen Quantification with the ChemVol Impact Sampler. Olive pollen vs Ole e 1

Comparison between Airborne Pollen and Aeroallergen Quantification with the ChemVol Impact Sampler. Olive pollen vs Ole e 1. Torres M.C.1, C. Antunes2, M.J. Velasco1, R. Ferro2, H. García-Mozo1, R. Ribeiro2, R.Brandao3, Galán, C1 and the HIALINE team4 1Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba 2Department of Chemistry, University of Évora, Portugal 3Department of Biology, University of Évora, Portugal 4J.T.M. Buters, Germany, M. Thibaudon, France, M. Smith, Great Britain, C. Galan, Spain, R. Brandao and C. Antunes, Portugal, G. Reese, Germany, R. Albertini, Italy, L. Grewling, Poland, A. Rantio-Lehtimäki, Finland, S. Jäger and U. Berger, Austria, I. Sauliene, Lithuania, L. Cecchi, Italy Nowadays, pollinosis is affecting a large percentage of population in the countries with a western life style. The existence of allergenic activity in the atmosphere is not only associated to pollen grains and fungal spores, but also to submicronic and paucimicronic biological particles. The origin of these allergens can be due to the rupture of pollen transported in the atmosphere or to the presence of allergens from other parts of the plant making amorphous material with an allergen load. Olive pollen is recognized as one of the main causes of allergic disease in the Mediterranean area. In this study we have tried to compare olive pollen count in the air and Ole e 1 as major allergen of this species, at two different localities in South of Europe: Evora (Portugal) and Córdoba (Spain). At each location both samplers were placed side-by-side. Pollen grains have been sampled using a volumetric Hirst type spore trap. Chemvol high-volume cascade impactor equipped with stages PM>10µm, 10 µm>PM>2.5µm were used for detecting aeroallergens. Ole e 1 major allergen was determined using allergen specific ELISA´s. Similar behaviour between pollen and the total allergenic load was observed during the pollen season. Nevertheless, at some occasions, during the previous and later period of the pollen season, airborne allergenic load was detected in South Spain, due to the contributions from other Oleaceae species. For this reason the use of these two different methodologies allow a better understanding of the allergenic load in the atmosphere. This work was supported in part by the European Agency for Health and Consumers EAHC, Luxembourg, under the grant agreement 20081107

Culture, education and care of the patient with an ostomy

Para la adecuada aplicación de los cuidados enfermeros es necesario el conocimiento antropológico de las personas a las que van dirigidos. Concretando en las personas ostomizadas debemos evidenciar los cambios, modificaciones y trastornos producidos por la nueva situación (ser portador de un estoma), a todos los niveles: físico, psicológico, social y cultural. Estos conocimientos nos proporcionan la base para proporcionar unos cuidados flexibles, adaptados e individualizados dirigidos a prevenir, disminuir o solucionar los problemas que puedan presentar. Nos basamos en la visión holística y humanista de Virginia Henderson y en la autoridad y autonomía que tenemos las enfermeras para tratar las alteraciones que presenta la persona para cubrir de forma satisfactoria e independiente sus necesidades básicas. Hemos realizado un revisión bibliográfica para conocer cómo la cultura y la educación afectan a la aceptación y al logro de la independencia de la persona ostomizada.Adequate Nursing care demands anthropological knowledge of the people who are to be cared for. Patients with an ostomy experience changes, alterations and disturbances by their new situation at all levels: physical, psychological, social and cultural. This knowledge provides us with the basis for flexible, adapted and individualised care in order to prevent, minimise or sort out the problems that may arise. Our work is based upon Virginia Henderson's holistic and humanistic perspective and nurses' autonomy and authority to deal with the patient's trouble and satisfactory and independently fulfill his/her basic needs. Literature has been reviewed in search of the ways in which culture and education determine acceptance and independence of the patient with an ostomy

Estudios de las actitudes que poseen los maestros de segundo ciclo de educación básica sobre el proceso educativo realizado en centro oficiales del área metropolitana de San Salvador.

El propósito de realizar el estudio sobre la "Actitud del Docente hacia el proceso Educativo", es el de analizar tal situación mediante una investigación científica para determinar las actitudes positivas y negativas que tiene el docente Salvadoreño hacia el conjunto de pasos o fases de dicho proceso, los cuales entre otros fenómenos, tiene incidencia directa en el mejoramiento cualitativo de la educación del país. En el estudio realizado, solo están comprendidas, como población, los Docentes del Segundo Ciclo de Educación Básica de Centros Oficiales del sector urbano del área Metropolitana de la ciudad Capital de San Salvador, siendo estos: Mejicanos, Delgado, Soyapango y San Marcos; según estructura del Ministerio de Educación