How viable are spanish credit cooperatives after recent bank capitalization and restructuring regulations?

Over the past three years, major reforms have been approved in Spain in order to restructure the banking sector. The purpose of these reforms has been to reinforce the solvency of credit institutions through recapitalization and integration into larger organizations. The credit cooperatives have not presented any solvency problems which would justify these measures being applied to them. The problem that the financial authorities see in their case is their limited size. As a result, the credit cooperatives are immersed in an integration process which is not revolving around the Banco Cooperativo Español (BCE) or the Spanish Association of Rural Savings Banks, as might be expected, but is taking place through mergers between individual institutions and the setting up of various cooperative groups. While the credit cooperatives have not been channelled into bankization (conversion into banks) like the savings banks, ways to become banks have been opened up to them.Cooperative credit, legislation, financial crisis, restructuring process, Spain.

Development and initial validation of a scale to measure store personality

La reproducción de cada DOCFRADIS para fines educativos y no comerciales está permitida siempre y cuando se cite como fuente a la colección de Documentos de Trabajo de la Cátedra Fundación Ramón Areces de Distribución Comercial (DOCFRADIS)La personalidad de tienda es importante para seleccionar la mejor estrategia de marketing. El papel estratégico de estas características simbólicas, rasgos humanos, que pueden ser atribuidas a las tiendas ha quedado empíricamente demostrado en lo que se refiere a satisfacción percibida de los clientes (Chun y Davies, 2006), así como al comportamiento leal hacia el establecimiento (Zentes, Morschett y Schramm-Klein, 2008). A pesar de la reconocida relevancia del problema, actualmente no disponemos de un instrumento para medir este constructo. Este trabajo describe la investigación inicial llevada a cabo para desarrollar una escala para medir la personalidad de los establecimientos comerciales.It is well known that the personality of a store is important to select the best marketing strategy. The strategic role of these symbolic, humanlike attributes that can be attributed to stores has been empirically demostrated, with respect to customer satisfaction and perceived retail differentiation (Chun & Davies, 2006) as well as with respect to store patronage and loyalty behavior (Zentes, Morschett y Schramm-Klein, 2008). Despite the well-known relevance of the problem we do not currently possess a validated instrument to measure this construct. This paper describes the initial investigation carried out to develop a scale for measuring store personality

Sociabilidad religiosa y círculos de poder. Las escuelas de Cristo, de Madrid y Barcelona, en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII

-

Aprendizaje colaborativo y recursos digitales en la ESO en torno a las colecciones de arte indígena americano

En el contexto de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales planteamos la aproximación a las culturas indígenas de América a través de las colecciones de arte expuestas en el Museo de América de Madrid. Las potencialidades de dichas expresiones artísticas pueden ser abordadas desde el punto de vista disciplinar y desde la Educación en Valores, profundizando en aspectos como la organización social, económica, simbólica, aspectos geográficos; o transversales como la diversidad cultural, la sostenibilidad medioambiental o el pensamiento crítico. Tomando como base teórica la Educación Patrimonial y la Didáctica del Objeto, buscamos alentar un aprendizaje colaborativo y significativo. Para ello empleamos como recurso educativo las nuevas tecnologías a través de una eduwiki, o wiki educativaIn the context of Social Sciences Education we propose an educational approach to the American native cultures through the art collections exhibited in the Museum of America in Madrid. The potentialities of these artistic expressions can be approached from a disciplinary point of view and from the Ethics, deepening in aspects such as social, economic, symbolic organization, geographical aspects; or cross-disciplinary aspects such as cultural diversity, environmental sustainability or critical thinking. Taking Cultural Heritage Education and Objects Based Learning as theoretical perspective, we seek to encourage a collaborative and meaningful learning. For this purpose, we use new technologies as an educational resource through an eduwiki, or educational wik

Actividad coordinada de las asignaturas de Psicopatología y Psicología Escolar del Grado en Psicología

Esta Actividad se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto UV-SFPIE_RMD15-308531 Coordinando las metodologías de evaluación e intervención en el grado de Psicología a través de dos materias: Psicopatología y Psicología Escolar, del Programa B renovación de las metodologías docentes de la Universitat de València.Esta Actividad está formada por dos partes. La primera parte, se trabajará y evaluará en la asignatura de Psicopatología, y la segunda parte, en la asignatura de Psicología Escolar

La mina de Montcada. La realización de un proyecto ilustrado (1778-1786)

---

The ambidextrous leadership of managers as a source of innovation. A german supermarket chain case study

Treball Final de Grau en Administració d'Empreses. Codi: AE1049. Curs 2019/202

Influence of pre-existing martensite on the wear resistance of metastable austenitic stainless steels

The effect of pre-existing martensite on the sliding wear behavior of a commercial metastable austenitic stainless steel was investigated. Two different steel conditions were considered: annealed (with a fully austenitic microstructure) and cold rolled, consisting of mixtures of austenite and martensite. Wear tests were carried out using ball on disc technique at constant velocity and different sliding distances. Correlation between microstructure and wear mechanisms was performed by X-ray diffraction, electron back-scattered diffraction and focus ion beam. Results show that wear resistance decreases at increasing the amount of pre-existing martensite. In this sense, more strain-induced martensite developed for cold rolled samples, hardening the surface and consequently reducing wedge formation, which induced material removal from the surface. The detailed analysis of the wear track demonstrated the formation of an ultrafine-grain layer just below the surface, not only for annealed but also for cold rolled steel.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Las secciones de crédito en el ordenamiento jurídico español

A credit section is an economic and functional demarcation within a co-operative that, without having an independent juridical personality out of the co-operative it belongs, operates as a financial entity, limiting its active and passive operations to the co-operative and its members. The credit sections are recognized by all the autonomical co-operative laws and they have been especially regulated in Catalonia and the Valencian Community. The regulation contained in the Ley de Cooperativas 27/1999 (Law of Co-operatives 27/1999) clearly restricts the subjective and objective field of activity of the credit sections, but it does not limit the action sphere of co-operatives governed by the autonomical legislation. The main problem raised by the credit sections derives from its lack of juridical personality and not from the fact that they are not considered as credit entities.Co-operatives, credit sections, co-operative credit, legislation.