856 research outputs found
Labour market institutions and the personal distribution of income in the OECD
A large literature has studied the impact of labour market institutions on wage inequality, but their effect on income inequality has received little attention. In this paper we argue that personal income inequality is a function of the wage differential, the labour share, and the unemployment rate. Labour market institutions then affect income inequality through these three channels and their overall effect is theoretically ambiguous. We use a panel of OECD countries for the period 1960-2000 to examine these effects. We find that greater unionization and a higher degree of wage bargaining coordination have opposite effects on inequality, implying conflicting effects of greater union presence on the distribution of income.income inequality, labour share, trade unions
Perturbation analysis of a matrix differential equation
Two complex matrix pairs and are contragrediently
equivalent if there are nonsingular and such that
. M.I. Garc\'{\i}a-Planas and V.V. Sergeichuk
(1999) constructed a miniversal deformation of a canonical pair for
contragredient equivalence; that is, a simple normal form to which all matrix
pairs close to can be reduced by
contragredient equivalence transformations that smoothly depend on the entries
of and . Each perturbation of defines the first order induced perturbation
of the matrix , which is the first order
summand in the product . We find all
canonical matrix pairs , for which the first order induced perturbations
are nonzero for all nonzero perturbations in
the normal form of Garc\'{\i}a-Planas and Sergeichuk. This problem arises in
the theory of matrix differential equations , whose product of two
matrices: ; using the substitution , one can reduce by
similarity transformations and by contragredient equivalence
transformations
Taxation and Income Distribution Dynamics in a Neoclassical Growth Model
We examine how changes in tax policies affect the dynamics of the distributions of wealth and income in a Ramsey model in which agents differ in their initial capital endowment. The endogeneity of the labor supply plays a crucial role in determining inequality, as tax changes that affect hours of work will affect the distribution of wealth and income, reinforcing or offsetting the direct redistributive impact of taxes. Our results indicate that tax policies that reduce the labor supply are associated with lower output but also with a more equal distribution of after-tax income. We illustrate these effects by examining the impact of recent tax changes observed in the US and in European economies.taxation; wealth distribution; income distribution; endogenous labor supply; transitional dynamics
Education, Corruption and the Natural Resource Curse
The empirical evidence on the determinants of growth across countries has found that growth is lower when natural resources are abundant, corruption widespread and educational attainment low. An extensive literature has examined the way in which these three variables can impact growth, but has tended to address them separately. In this paper we argue that corruption and education are interrelated and that both crucially depend on a country's endowment of natural resources. The key element is the fact that resources affect the relative returns to investing in human and in political capital, and, through these investments, output levels and growth. In this context, inequality plays a key role both as a determinant of the possible equilibria of the economy and as an outcome of the growth process.natural resources, corruption, human capital, growth, inequality
El impacto de la brecha del producto sobre la tasa de desempleo: evidencia para México, 1987q1-2018q4
Using quarterly data for Mexico from 1987Q1 to 2018Q4, we measure the impact of output gap on the unemployment rate based on a State-Space model with time-varying coefficients. From an econometric modeling point of view, this model allows asymmetrical interactions between the output gap and unemployment rate. Our principal conclusions are: 1) The long-term equilibrium unemployment rate is equal to 3.06; 2) the unemployment rate does not exhibit hysteresis; 3) when GDP is lower than potential output, the impact of its growth on the unemployment rate is -0.43 percent points; and 4) when GDP is higher than potential output, the impact of its growth on the unemployment rate is close to zero. It implies that the reaction of the unemployment rate to output gap is different when the output gap is increasing from that when the output gap is decreasing; i.e., the output gap does not have the same effect on the unemployment rate over time.Usando datos trimestrales para México de 1988Q1 a 2018Q4, medimos el impacto de la brecha del producto sobre la tasa de desempleo con base en un modelo estado-espacio de coeficientes que varían en el tiempo. Desde el punto de vista de la modelación econométrica, este modelo permite interacciones asimétricas entre la brecha del producto y la tasa de desempleo. Nuestras principales conclusiones son: 1) la tasa de desempleo de largo plazo es igual a 3.06; 2) la tasa de desempleo no exhibe histéresis; 3) cuando el PIB es menor que el producto potencial, el impacto de su crecimiento sobre la tasa de desempleo es de -0.43 puntos porcentuales; y 4) cuando el PIB es mayor que el producto potencial, el impacto de su crecimiento sobre la tasa de desempleo es cercano a cero. Esto implica que la reacción de la tasa de desempleo a la brecha del producto es diferente cuando la brecha del producto crece que cuando disminuye; es decir, la brecha del producto no tiene el mismo efecto sobre la tasa de desempleo a través del tiempo
La influencia de la participación familiar en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes del octavo año de la Unidad Educativa Irfeyal del cantón La Maná, periodo 2011-2012
The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship between the level of family participation in educational activities and school performance of students in the Education Unit IRFEYAL of the canton La Maná, province of Cotopaxi in 2012. This study is the type of nonexperimental "Descriptive Correlational" research because we can show the relationship or correlation between the variables involved. So that, qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis allowed us to establish the correlation between the level of family involvement and school performance of students in the Education Unit IRFEYAL of the canton La Maná, province of Cotopaxi in 2012.La finalidad del presente estudio de investigación fue establecer la relación entre el nivel de participación familiar en las actividades educativas y el Rendimiento Escolar de los alumnos de la Unidad Educativa IRFEYAL del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi en el año 2011. Este estudio corresponde al tipo de investigación no experimental “Descriptivo Correlacionar” porque nos permite demostrar la relación o correlación entre las variables intervinientes. Tal es así que, mediante el análisis comparativo cualitativo y cuantitativo nos ha permitido establecer la correlación entre el nivel de participación familiar y el Rendimiento Escolar de los alumnos de la Unidad Educativa IRFEYAL en el año 2011
A precise characterisation of the top quark electro-weak vertices at the ILC
Top quark production in the process at a future linear
electron positron collider with polarised beams is a powerful tool to determine
indirectly the scale of new physics. The presented study, based on a detailed
simulation of the ILD detector concept, assumes a centre-of-mass energy of
GeV and a luminosity of
equally shared between the incoming beam polarisations of . Events are selected in which the top pair
decays semi-leptonically and the cross sections and the forward-backward
asymmetries are determined. Based on these results, the vector, axial vector
and tensorial conserving couplings are extracted separately for the photon
and the component. With the expected precision, a large number of models
in which the top quark acts as a messenger to new physics can be distinguished
with many standard deviations. This will dramatically improve expectations from
e.g. the LHC for electro-weak couplings of the top quark.Comment: This work is an update of arXiv:1307.8102, minor changes w.r.t. v1
(typos, wrong grammar, incomplete sentences etc.
Framing Societal Cosmopolitanism in Europe. A Theoretical-Empirical Research Study
Inspired by the notion of 'societal cosmopolitanism' (Pendenza 2015a) - that combines at-tachment to local territory and openness towards others - social relations on the part of Europeans are tested empirically. The article posits that this type of cosmopolitanism can exist in concomitance with oth-er relational forms towards Otherness. Its main characteristic lies in the idea that it is not nourished by the abstract principle according to which such status can be attributed only if one feels a 'citizen of the world'. On the contrary, without totally rejecting the idea, societal cosmopolitan mantains that if cosmopolitanism is to shrug off its abstraction, it requires a social anchorage to root it more firmly to real life. From a meth-odological perspective, a contrastive analysis is putting in place relative to research carried out on Europe-an cosmopolitanism and subsequently tested empirically using data from EB71.3. Findings showed that almost 25.0% (30-40% in specific countries) of the European citizens fit the description 'societal cosmopoli-tans'
Labour market institutions and the personal distribution of income in the OECD
A large literature has studied the impact of labour market institutions on wage inequality, but their effect on income inequality has received little attention. In this paper we argue that personal income inequality is a function of the wage differential, the labour share, and the unemployment rate. Labour market institutions then affect income inequality through these three channels and their overall effect is theoretically ambiguous. We use a panel of OECD countries for the period 1960-2000 to examine these effects. We find that greater unionization and a higher degree of wage bargaining coordination have opposite effects on inequality, implying conflicting effects of greater union presence on the distribution of income
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