An Alternative Approach for High Speed Railway Carrying Capacity Calculation Based on Multiagent Simulation

It is a multiobjective mixed integer programming problem that calculates the carrying capacity of high speed railway based on mathematical programming method. The model is complex and difficult to solve, and it is difficult to comprehensively consider the various influencing factors on the train operation. The multiagent theory is employed to calculate high speed railway carrying capacity. In accordance with real operations of high speed railway, a three-layer agent model is developed to simulate the operating process of high speed railway. In the proposed model, railway network agent, line agent, station agent, and train agent are designed, respectively. To validate the proposed model, a case study is performed for Beijing–Shanghai high speed railway by using NetLogo software. The results are consistent with the actual data, which implies that the proposed multiagent method is feasible to calculate the carrying capacity of high speed railway

Lower Ocean Crust beneath Slow-Spreading Ridges: a Combined Oxygen Isotopic and Elemental in-situ Study on Hole 735B Gabbros

Die chemische und die Sauerstoffisotopen-Zusammensetzung der Minerale aus Gabbros der ODP-Bohrung 735B wurden mit Hilfe von hochauflösenden in-situ Methoden, nämlich mit der Ionensonde, der Mikrosonde und der UV-Laser O-Isotopen Mikrosonde bestimmt. Die Hauptelementzusammensetzung der Minerale bestätigt frühere Ergebnisse, dass die Gabbros der Bohrung 735B aus 4-5 Einheiten bestehen, die während mindestens zweier grösserer Olivingabbro-Intrusionen gebildet worden sind. Grosse Schwankungen in der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Minerale sowie Zonierungen in den Mineralen selbst machen deutlich, dass nach einer ersten Kristallisationsphase späte" Residualschmelzen durch die Gabbros gewandert sind und mit den Gabbros durch Festkörper-Diffusion reagiert haben.Spurenelementzonierungen in den Gabbromineralen, insbesonders in Plagioklas und in Klinopyroxen, der Bohrung 735B stellen offensichtlich ein Charakteristikum der unteren ozeanische Kruste dar, die für Gesteine aus Rücken mit besonders niedrigen Spreizungsraten typisch sind. Modellrechnungen zeigen, dass die beobachteten Zonierungen nicht primär während des Wachstums der Minerale, sondern sekundär während eines diffusiven Austauschs gebildet worden sind.Eine Modellierung der gemessenen Diffusionsprofile ergibt deutlich höhere Diffusionsraten der Spurenelemente im Vergleich mit experimentell bestimmten Raten. Während in den experimentellen Bestimmungen die Seltenen Erden grosse Unterschiede in den Diffusivitäten aufweisen, sind sie in den hier gemessenen natürlichen Klinopyroxenen sehr ähnlich.Im Unterschied zu den Lokalitäten mit hohen Spreizungsraten, die anhand der O-Isotopenzusammensetzung eine Wechselwirkung mit Meerwasser bis zu Tiefen von 5 km erkennen lassen, zeigen die Gesteine der Bohrung 735B lediglich eine Eindringtiefe des Meerwassers in die obersten 600 Meter der unteren ozeanischen Kruste, was etwa 2 bis 2.5 km der gesamten ozeanischen Kruste entspricht. Auf der Basis der18O-Messungen durchgeführte Massenbilanzabschätzungen ergeben einen mittleren δ18O-Wert von 5.5 für die untere ozeanische Kruste sowie einen mittleren δ18O-Wert von 7.55 bis 7.85 für die gesamte ozeanische Kruste, je nachdem welcher Wert für die pillow basalts" und die die sheeted dykes" angenommen wird. Ozeanische Kruste bei hohen Spreizungsraten weist jedoch durch Wechselwirkung mit Meeerwasser bei 250°C verarmte δ18O Werte auf. Diese Abhängigkeit des mittleren δ18O-Werts von der Spreizungsrate hat wichtige Konsequenzen sowohl für die Meerwasserzusammensetzung während der geologischen Geschichte als auch für den O-Isotopenaustausch zwischen der Kruste und dem Mantel bei der Subduktion

Imbalance Knowledge-Driven Multi-modal Network for Land-Cover Semantic Segmentation Using Images and LiDAR Point Clouds

Despite the good results that have been achieved in unimodal segmentation, the inherent limitations of individual data increase the difficulty of achieving breakthroughs in performance. For that reason, multi-modal learning is increasingly being explored within the field of remote sensing. The present multi-modal methods usually map high-dimensional features to low-dimensional spaces as a preprocess before feature extraction to address the nonnegligible domain gap, which inevitably leads to information loss. To address this issue, in this paper we present our novel Imbalance Knowledge-Driven Multi-modal Network (IKD-Net) to extract features from raw multi-modal heterogeneous data directly. IKD-Net is capable of mining imbalance information across modalities while utilizing a strong modal to drive the feature map refinement of the weaker ones in the global and categorical perspectives by way of two sophisticated plug-and-play modules: the Global Knowledge-Guided (GKG) and Class Knowledge-Guided (CKG) gated modules. The whole network then is optimized using a holistic loss function. While we were developing IKD-Net, we also established a new dataset called the National Agriculture Imagery Program and 3D Elevation Program Combined dataset in California (N3C-California), which provides a particular benchmark for multi-modal joint segmentation tasks. In our experiments, IKD-Net outperformed the benchmarks and state-of-the-art methods both in the N3C-California and the small-scale ISPRS Vaihingen dataset. IKD-Net has been ranked first on the real-time leaderboard for the GRSS DFC 2018 challenge evaluation until this paper's submission

Phased Treatment Strategies for Cerebral Ischemia Based on Glutamate Receptors

Extracellular glutamate accumulation following cerebral ischemia leads to overactivation of glutamate receptors, thereby resulting in intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxic neuronal injury. Multiple attempts have been made to counteract such effects by reducing glutamate receptor function, but none have been successful. In this minireview, we present the available evidence regarding the role of all types of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in cerebral ischemia and propose phased treatment strategies based on glutamate receptors in both the acute and post-acute phases of cerebral ischemia, which may help realize the clinical application of glutamate receptor antagonists

Development of Drive Control Strategy for Front-and-Rear-Motor-Drive Electric Vehicle (FRMDEV)

In order to achieve both high-efficiency drive and low-jerk mode switch in FRMDEVs, a drive control strategy is proposed, consisting of top-layer torque distribution aimed at optimal efficiency and low-layer coordination control improving mode-switch jerk. First, with the use of the off-line particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSOA), the optimal switching boundary between single-motor-drive mode (SMDM) and dual-motor drive mode (DMDM) was modelled and a real-time torque distribution model based on the radial basis function (RBF) was created to achieve the optimal torque distribution. Then, referring to the dynamic characteristics of mode switch tested on a dual-motor test bench, a torque coordination strategy by controlling the variation rate of the torque distribution coefficient during the mode-switch process was developed. Finally, based on a hardware-in-loop (HIL) test platform and an FRMDEV, the proposed drive control strategy was verified. The test results show that both drive economy and comfort were improved significantly by the use of the developed drive control strategy

Magnetic Borophenes from an Evolutionary Search

A computational methodology based on ab initio evolutionary algorithms and spin-polarized density functional theory was developed to predict two-dimensional magnetic materials. Its application to a model system borophene reveals an unexpected rich magnetism and polymorphism. A metastable borophene with nonzero thickness is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor from first-principles calculations, and can be further tuned into a half-metal by finite electron doping. In this borophene, the buckling and coupling among three atomic layers are not only responsible for magnetism, but also result in an out-of-plane negative Poisson\u27s ratio under uniaxial tension, making it the first elemental material possessing auxetic and magnetic properties simultaneously

Oblique nonvolcanic seafloor spreading in Lena Trough, Arctic Ocean

Passive rifting and the early non-volcanic formation of ocean basins are fundamental aspects of the plate tectonic cycle. Cenozoic plate margins where this has occurred are rare. Here we present new observations from Lena Trough in the Arctic Ocean that bear on the early phase of oceanic spreading in such rifts. Lena Trough is an oblique seafloor rift system bounding the North American and Eurasian plates, and connecting neighboring Gakkel Ridge with the rest of the global mid-ocean ridge system. Mapping and sampling show widespread mantle outcrop along two parallel basement ridges bounded by steeply dipping normal faults. Volcanism is limited to the intersection with Gakkel Ridge and to minor eruption of strongly potassic alkali basalts in a single location. Non-eruptive magmatism is shown by an increase in plagioclase-and vein-bearing lithologies over residual peridotite in the center of Lena Trough. Normal mid-ocean ridge stairstep geometry and obvious low-angle detachments as seen at other ridges are absent. Lena Trough thus is an example of a young nonvolcanic continental rift that is just now beginning the transition to oblique nonvolcanic seafloor spreading. This style of oblique rifting, without the formation of striated large-scale low-angle detachments appears to be a major mode of crust formation on ultraslow spreading ridges. The sharp transition from the continental margins on either side to nonvolcanic rifting, with mantle slab exhumation in the rift may provide a model for the early evolution of oblique continental rifts, such as the Cote d\u27Ivoire/NE Brazil conjugate margins. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union

Performance evaluation method of spherical bearing based on correlation and sensitivity analysis and SVM

In order to ensure the safety of bridge structure operation, the working mechanism and damage mechanism of spherical steel bearings commonly used in urban rail transit bridges and large highway bridges are studied. This study combines correlation and sensitivity analysis methods, and proposes that the correlation between output parameters and input parameters and the order of sensitivity are used as the basis for selecting spherical steel bearings. The sudden change of the sensitivity of each operating point is used as the basis for index division, and the discriminating system of spherical steel bearings is established accordingly. Combined with SVM, it is trained into a ball-type steel bearing safety level discrimination model. Through the test data test, the results show that the test of the discriminant model is effective