Peripheral arterial disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya

Objective: To determine the magnitude of the rosclerotic arterial disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) patients at Kenyatta National Hospital.Design: hospital based cross-sectional study.Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital Rheumatology outpatient clinic.Subjects: Rheumatoid Arthritis patients.Results: We obtained ABI measurements in 90 RA patients, among them 23(25.5% 95% CI 17.2-36.1) had obstructed lower limb arteries. Among the 23, 21(91.3%) had mild PAD, two (8.7%) had moderate PAD; none had severe PAD nor incompressible vessels. The obstruction of vessels was independent of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cigarette smoking though these factors increased the likelihood of having PAD. Risk age( ≥45 males, ≥55 females), Established RA(> 5 year duration) and severe RA were found to be significantly associated with the likelihood of having PAD. These trends remained significant after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders. twenty five (27.7%) of the study subjects exhibited symptoms of intermittent claudication, 13(52%) of them had PAD on ABI measurements, The Edinburgh claudication questionnaire was found to have 56.5% sensitivity and 82% specificity in detectionof PAD in RA patients. Conclusion: There seems to be an association between PAD in RA with chronicity and severity of the RA. This association may support the pathogenic role of accumulated systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of impared arterial function and thus subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this group of patients

PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA SEKOLAH UNGGULAN DI SD NEGERI BATURSARI 5 MRANGGEN DEMAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) karakteristik materi pembelajaran matematika di sekolah unggulan SD Negeri Batursari Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak (2) karakteristik tata ruang pembelajaran matematika di sekolah unggulan SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak (3) karakteristik interaksi pembelajaran matematika di sekolah unggulan SD negeri Batursari Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak. Nara Sumber dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah dan Guru. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis data diawali dari (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, dan (3) pengambilan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan credibility, transferability, dependability dan confirmability. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Karakteristik materi dalam pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Unggulan SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak untuk pengelolaannya dilakukan dengan melihat RPP yang sudah disusun, dari RPP ini guru kemudian mengembangkan dengan cara memilih dan menyeleksi serta menambahkan dari sumber lain. Semuanya disesuaikan dengan standar kompetensi, kompetensi dan tujuan materi itu sendiri. Apabila perencanaan materi pembelajaran matematika tersebut sudah disesuaikan maka dalam penyampaiannya sesuai dengan RPP baik metode maupun penyampaian materinya sendiri. (2) Karakteristik tata ruang dalam pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Unggulan SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak pengaturannya disesuaikan dengan besarnya ruangan dan jumlah siswa yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan jenis kegiatan dalam pembelajaran dengan memperhatikan faktor jendela sebagai ventilasi untuk menjaga suhu dan cahaya. Salah satu contohnya adalah menggunakan model meja berbentuk U yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan interaktif dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran yang ada di SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak. (3) Karakteristik interaksi dalam pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Unggulan SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak.dilakukan guru dengan memberikan suatu gambaran menarik terlebih dahulu mengenai materi yang disampaikan. Setelah itu guru membiarkan siswa merespon materi tersebut apabila tidak ada respon maka guru akan memberikan pertanyaan kepada siswa yang ditunjuk. Dalam menjawab siswa dibimbing oleh guru Matematika yang bersangkutan. Interaksi antara siswa dan guru dalam pembelajaran matematika di SD Negeri Batursari 5 Mranggen Demak dilakukan juga secara timbal balik

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Makanan melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Stad di SMP

The purpose of this study is to improve the studens' result by using the cooperative learning type of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) on the material of digestive system in VIII B class of SMP Negeri 2 Siantan in academic year 2014/2015. This study was a classroom action research which conducted in 2 cycles, where each consists of planning, execution, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study was 14 male students and 12 female students . The percentage of the learning process in the first cycle achieved 90,91% and 100% in the second cycle. The result of this study has shown that the average result on cycle I was 75,13 with 80,77% of completeness and 84,36 of improvement on cycle II with 96,15% of completeness concluded that the cooperative learning type STAD is able to improve the students' result

Heksacopter Pencitraan Udara Berteknologi GPS

Nowadays the need of aerial photography increased. Heksacopter is a vehicle of development from helicopter which has 6 blades as their actuators. Heksacopter can do aerial photography well because it has a good level of stability. An advanced technology is added to Heksacopter to support the aerial photography, such as Global Position System (GPS) that used to know the vehicle coordinates. This makes Heksacopter fly to some specify coordinates and doing aerial photography automatically. Heksacopter is expected able to fulfil the needs of aerial photography

Relationship between Blood Pressure and Stroke Rate at UKI Hospital

A complicated stroke of hypertension is dreaded in the community. Hypertension is the most common in public and causes no symptoms. Hypertension is one of the risks of stroke. Hypertension can cause injury to the veins of one of the injured blood vessels in the brain because of carelessness, deafness, and narrowing or rupture of blood vessels in the brain and can result in the brain. Nerve damage in this brain causes a stroke. The writer to know the greatest risk factors for stroke patients in hospital UKI in 2019-2021. Keywords: Hypertension; stroke; patients; heart failure

2D velocity fields of simulated interacting disc galaxies

We investigate distortions in the velocity fields of disc galaxies and their use to reveal the dynamical state of interacting galaxies at different redshift. For that purpose, we model disc galaxies in combined N-body/hydrodynamic simulations. 2D velocity fields of the gas are extracted from these simulations which we place at different redshifts from z=0 to z=1 to investigate resolution effects on the properties of the velocity field. To quantify the structure of the velocity field we also perform a kinemetry analysis. If the galaxy is undisturbed we find that the rotation curve extracted from the 2D field agrees well with long-slit rotation curves. This is not true for interacting systems, as the kinematic axis is not well defined and does in general not coincide with the photometric axis of the system. For large (Milky way type) galaxies we find that distortions are still visible at intermediate redshifts but partly smeared out. Thus a careful analysis of the velocity field is necessary before using it for a Tully-Fisher study. For small galaxies (disc scale length ~2 kpc) even strong distortions are not visible in the velocity field at z~0.5 with currently available angular resolution. Therefore we conclude that current distant Tully-Fisher studies cannot give reliable results for low-mass systems. Additionally to these studies we confirm the power of near-infrared integral field spectrometers in combination with adaptive optics (such as SINFONI) to study velocity fields of galaxies at high redshift (z~2).Comment: 12 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, high resolution version can be found at http://astro.uibk.ac.at/~thomas/kronberger.pd

The effects of ram-pressure stripping on the internal kinematics of simulated spiral galaxies

We investigate the influence of ram-pressure stripping on the internal gas kinematics of simulated spiral galaxies. Additional emphasis is put on the question of how the resulting distortions of the gaseous disc are visible in the rotation curve and/or the full 2D velocity field of galaxies at different redshifts. A Milky-Way type disc galaxy is modelled in combined N-body/hydrodynamic simulations with prescriptions for cooling, star formation, stellar feedback, and galactic winds. This model galaxy moves through a constant density and temperature gas, which has parameters similar to the intra-cluster medium (ICM). Rotation curves (RCs) and 2D velocity fields of the gas are extracted from these simulations in a way that follows the procedure applied to observations of distant, small, and faint galaxies as closely as possible. We find that the appearance of distortions of the gaseous disc due to ram-pressure stripping depends on the direction of the acting ram pressure. In the case of face-on ram pressure, the distortions mainly appear in the outer parts of the galaxy in a very symmetric way. In contrast, in the case of edge-on ram pressure we find stronger distortions. The 2D velocity field also shows signatures of the interaction in the inner part of the disc. At angles smaller than 45 degrees between the ICM wind direction and the disc, the velocity field asymmetry increases significantly compared to larger angles. Compared to distortions caused by tidal interactions, the effects of ram-pressure stripping on the velocity field are relatively low in all cases and difficult to observe at intermediate redshift in seeing-limited observations. (abridged)Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&

The bovine foot skin microbiota is associated with host genotype and the development of infectious digital dermatitis lesions

Abstract Background Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) is a prevalent infectious disease, causing painful foot skin lesions and lameness in cattle. We describe herein the bovine foot skin microbiota and its associations with BDD using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on samples from 259 dairy cows from three UK dairy farms. Results We show evidence of dysbiosis, and differences in taxonomy and functional profiles in the bovine foot skin microbiome of clinically healthy animals that subsequently develop BDD lesions, compared to those that do not. Our results suggest that taxonomical and functional differences together with alterations in ecological interactions between bacteria in the normal foot skin microbiome may predispose an animal to develop BDD lesions. Using genome-wide association and regional heritability mapping approaches, we provide first evidence for interactions between host genotype and certain members of the foot skin microbiota. We show the existence of significant genetic variation in the relative abundance of Treponema spp. and Peptoclostridium spp. and identify regions in the bovine genome that explain a significant proportion of this variation. Conclusions Collectively this work shows early changes in taxonomic and functional profiles of the bovine foot-skin microbiota in clinically healthy animals which are associated with subsequent development of BDD and could be relevant to prevention of disease. The description of host genetic control of members of the foot skin microbiota, combined with the association of the latter with BDD development offer new insights into a complex relationship that can be exploited in selective breeding programmes. </jats:sec