Thermodynamic, economic and environmental assessment of energy systems including the use of gas from manure fermentation in the context of the Spanish potential

One of the prospective technologies that can be used for energy generation in distributed systems is based on biogas production, usually involving fermentation of various types of biomass and waste. This article aims to bring novelty on the analysis of this type of systems, joining together thermodynamic, economic and environmental aspects for a cross-cutting evaluation of the proposed solutions. The analysis is made for Spain, for which such a solution is very promising due to availability of the feedstock. A detailed simulation model of the proposed system in two different cases was built in Aspen Plus software and Visual Basic for Applications. Case 1 involves production of biogas in manure fermentation process, its upgrading (cleaning and removal of CO2 from the gas) and injection to the grid. Case 2 assumes combustion of the biogas in gas engine to produce electricity and heat that can be used locally and/or sold to the grid. Thermodynamic assessment of these two cases was made to determine the most important parameters and evaluation indices. The results served as input values for the economic analysis and environmental evaluation through Life Cycle Assessment of the energy systems. The results show that the analysed technologies have potential to produce high-value products based on low-quality biomass. Economic evaluation determined the break-even price of biomethane (Case 1) and electricity (Case 2), which for the nominal assumptions reach the values of 16.77 €/GJ and 28.92 €/GJ, respectively. In terms of environmental assessment the system with the use of biogas in gas engine presents around three times better environmental profile than Case 1 in the two categories evaluated, i.e., carbon and energy footprint.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 799439. Dr. Martín-Gamboa states that thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2019), through national funds

Material flow analysis in indentation process by 3D Digital Image Correlation

Focusing in the application of the 3D Digital Image Correlation technique, this work proposes a material flow analysis in an indentation process. The study establishes the methodology for the calibration and implementation of the 3D image sensing technology for deformation measurements. The purpose is to continue with the validation of the DIC application to the indentation processes, where a deep penetration is achieved and extensive material flow is produced. With the 3D DIC technique is possible to perform accurate deformation measurements in not planar specimens and study the material emerging towards the exterior of the tested specimen, which is not possible with the 2D DIC technique. Although previous 2D studies were efficient detecting the flow field and von Mises strains on the specimens tested, the bulge emerging under the punch on the front surface (dead zone) could not be studied due to its predominantly 3D character. Therefore, present work implements a 3D methodology that carries out a complete study of the deformation, including the material flow that occurs on the Z axis, towards the exterior of the tested specimen, optimizing previous analyses.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

EL FORTALECIMIENTO ACADÉMICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MEXICANA DEL SIGLO XXl

El presente artículo estudia a la educación superior en México y el papel de las universidades acerca de la responsabilidad social, en esta perspectiva de análisis, tanto del estudio de las políticas formuladas, como de sus contenidos, de los actores principales involucrados en este proceso, permite nuevos enfoques para el estudio del tema de política educativa y nuevos conocimientos sobre el mismo. Así, más que un recorrido histórico de las universidades, el artículo ofrece un balance amplio de estas tendencias en una acerca de los organismos internacionales que incidieron en los cambios de los objetivos en el sistema educativo mexicano en cuanto a educación superior y, con ello las gestiones federales, estatales y locales deben apelar por la participación de los diferentes actores, para así generar políticas en favor de la educación superior, para incidir en el desarrollo económico, político y social del país, retomando el concepto de calidad no sólo en la educación si no en las políticas para generar consensos en favor de dichos postulados. En cuanto a la responsabilidad social y el papel de las universidades se deben crear seres humanos capaces de poder desarrollar una escala axiológica en favor de su nación ya que esto contribuirá de manera positiva al desarrollo del individuo no sólo de manera económica, sino este individuo será capaz de desarrollar un pensamiento crítico-reflexivo, el cual podrá desempeñar de manera eficaz en los distintos ámbitos donde guste desenvolverse, no es una tarea fácil pero se intentará explicar de manera sucinta para que el lector pueda entender los grandes retos de la educación superior, ya hay mucho estudios acerca de estos temas pero siempre se han enfocado en la equidad y en la cobertura de la educación, no realmente en el funcionamiento de dichas políticas establecidas por el gobierno mexicano para este rubro

Geometrical analysis in material extrusion process with polylactic acid (PLA)1carbon fiber.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to cover the influence of selected printing parameters at a macro and micro-geometrical level, focusing on the dimensions, geometry and surface of printed parts with short carbon fibers reinforced PLA. For this case study, a hollow cylindrical shape is considered, aiming to cover the gap detected in previous works analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: Nowadays, additive manufacturing plays a very important role in the manufacturing industry, as can be seen through its numerous research and applications that can be found. Within the engineering industry, geometrical tolerances are essential for the functionality of the parts and their assembly, but the variability in three-dimensional (3D) printing makes dimensional control a difficult task. Constant development in 3D printing allows, more and more, printed parts with controlled and narrowed geometrical deviations and tolerances. So, it is essential to continue narrowing the studies to achieve the optimal printed parts, optimizing the manufacturing process as well. Findings: Results present the relation between the selected printing parameters and the resulting printed part, showing the main deviations and the eligible values to achieve a better tolerance control. Also, from these results obtained, we present a parametric model that relates the geometrical deviations considered in this study with the printing parameters. It can provide an overview of the piece before printing it and so, adjusting the printing parameters and reducing time and number of printings to achieve a good part. Originality/value: The main contribution is the study of the geometry selected under a 3D printing process, which is important because it considers parts that are created to fit together and need to comply with the required tolerances. Also, we consider that the parametric model can be a suitable approach to selecting the optimal printing parameters before printing.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA – Andalucia Tech Campus of International Excellence

ANTOLOGíA DE SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIóN ADMINISTRATIVOS

Antologí

Testing spatial noncommutativiy via the Aharonov-Bohm effect

The possibility of detecting noncommutative space relics is analyzed using the Aharonov-Bohm effect. We show that, if space is noncommutative, the holonomy receives non-trivial kinematical corrections that will produce a diffraction pattern even when the magnetic flux is quantized. The scattering problem is also formulated, and the differential cross section is calculated. Our results can be extrapolated to high energy physics and the bound $\theta \sim [ 10 {TeV}]^{-2}$ is found. If this bound holds, then noncommutative effects could be explored in scattering experiments measuring differential cross sections for small angles. The bound state Aharonov- Bohm effect is also discussed.Comment: 16 pp, Revtex 4, 2 fig, new references added. To appear in PR

Anomalies in Noncommutative Dipole Field Theories

We study chiral symmetries of fermionic non commutative dipole theories. By using Fujikawa's approach we obtain explicit expressions of the anomalies for Dirac and chiral fermions in 2 and 4 dimensions.Comment: 11pages, latex file. Comments adde

Uso de reclinador de silla de ruedas en paciente con Síndrome Hallervorden-Spatz: Reporte de caso

Background:  Hallervorden Spatz syndrome (HSS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction and iron accumulation in the basal ganglia1. It is autosomal recessive and affects approximately 1-3 people per million2. It is characterized by movement disorders, particularly dystonia, dysarthria, gait disorders, and sudden onset of psychiatric symptoms3,4. Orally, protrusive lingual dystonia and involuntary spasms of the masticatory, lingual, and pharyngeal muscles are observed2. Our objective is to present the dental management of a patient with HSS in a wheelchair recliner. Clinical Presentation: Male patient, 29 years old, diagnosed at 19 years of age with HSS and swallowing disorder. Physical examination revealed dystonia, dysarthria, and gait disorders; Occasional wheelchair user. The intraoral exam showed a considerable accumulation of bacterial plaque, gingivitis, multiple caries, and teeth in residual root state.  Comprehensive dental treatment included manual scaling, multiple restorations, extractions of the residual root of teeth 1.5, 1.8, and 2.8 with deep caries and pulpitis. Dental care was performed in a wheelchair recliner, allowing better positioning and reducing the risks of dystonic movements that could interfere with dental treatment5. He was completely discharged, and a follow-up appointment was booked three months further in due to his high cariogenic risk.Clinical Relevance: In the limited literature available regarding HSS, the need for the use of sedation to perform dental treatment is described on account of the challenge of cooperating due to anxiety and/or movement disorders, in addition to the limited mouth opening considering spasticity and stiffness muscular6,7.It is described that the mismanagement of secretions and psychomotor retardation makes it impossible to attend this kind of patient in the dental office in a conventional manner7, resulting in extraction as the procedure of choice1. By installing the patient in a conventional dental chair, a precarious and distressing situation is created, as it is not possible to maintain a comfortable and stable position due to the lack of muscular control8. However, by having a recliner there is greater cooperation from the patient, allowing the exploration of less aggressive, lower-cost treatments with interdisciplinary management5.Conclusion: The use of a wheelchair-recliner for the dental care of patients with movement disorders is a tool that considerably facilitates dental treatment5. The information obtained during the development of this case provides information that allows dentists to approach the management of patients with HSS.Antecedentes: El síndrome de Hallervorden Spatz (SHS), enfermedad neurodegenerativa poco frecuente caracterizada por disfunción extrapiramidal progresiva y acumulación de hierro en ganglios basales1. Autosómica recesiva y afecta aproximadamente 1-3 personas por millón2. Caracterizada por presentar trastornos en el movimiento, distonía, disartria, trastornos de la marcha y aparición repentina de síntomas psiquiátricos3,4. A nivel oral, presenta distonía lingual protrusiva y espasmos involuntarios de músculos masticatorios, linguales y faríngeos2. Presentación Clínica: Paciente masculino, 29 años, diagnosticado a los 19 años con SHS y trastorno de la deglución. Al examen físico se aprecia distonía, disartria y trastornos de la marcha. Usuario ocasional de silla de ruedas. Al examen intraoral se observa considerable acumulo de placa bacteriana, gingivitis, policaries y dientes en estado radicular. El tratamiento odontológico incluyó destartraje manual, polirestauraciones, exodoncias. La atención dental se realizó en reclinador de silla de ruedas, permitiendo mejor posicionamiento y disminuyendo riesgos de movimientos distónicos que podrían interferir en la atención5. Se dio alta integral y se citó en 3 meses a control.Relevancia Clínica: la literatura disponible describe la necesidad del uso de sedación para el tratamiento odontológico por ansiedad y/o trastornos del movimiento, además de la limitada apertura bucal por la espasticidad y rigidez muscular6,7. El mal manejo de secreciones y el retraso psicomotor hacen imposible su atención en consultorio de manera convencional7, resultando la exodoncia como procedimiento a elección1. Al utilizar un sillón dental convencional, se crea una situación precaria y angustiosa, no pudiendo mantener una posición cómoda y estable, por falta de control muscular8. Sin embargo, al utilizar reclinador hay mayor cooperación del paciente, permitiendo explorar tratamientos menos agresivos, de menor costo y con manejo interdisciplinario5.Conclusión: El uso de reclinador de silla de ruedas para atención dental de pacientes con trastornos del movimiento es una herramienta que facilita considerablemente la atención dental5.

New polymorphic microsatellite markers for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Nine microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). In addition, two of five loci tested from harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) produced a single, clear band in Z. californianus, as did one out of five loci from grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and one out of two loci from elephant seal (Mirounga sp.). No locus tested from South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) amplified in Z. californianus. Locus variability was assessed in California sea lions from Los Islotes rookery, Baja California Sur, Mexico. All loci were variable, with allele numbers ranging from three to 12. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Thirring Model as a Gauge Theory

We give another reformulation of the Thirring model (with four-fermion interaction of the current-current type) as a gauge theory and identify it with a gauge-fixed version of the corresponding gauge theory according to the Batalin-Fradkin formalism. Based on this formalism, we study the chiral symmetry breaking of the $D$-dimensional Thirring model ($2<D<4$) with $N$ flavors of 4-component fermions. By constructing the gauge covariant effective potential for the chiral order parameter, up to the leading order of $1/N$ expansion, we show the existence of the second order chiral phase transition and obtain explicitly the critical number of flavors $N_c$ (resp. critical four-fermion coupling $G_c$) as a function of the four-fermion coupling $G$ (resp. $N$), below (resp. above) which the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX (revised final version, to be published in Nucl. Phys. B