Neurociência na educação especial: dos neuromitos às práticas pedagógicas baseadas em evidências

The aim of this paper is to present a discussion about the logical and theoretical foundations that support the neuroscience discipline of the Special Education Specialization course of the Education College/UFGD. Neuroscience has advanced significantly in the knowledge related to education and special education. However professionals in the field of education present difficulties in the interpretation and use of this knowledge in pedagogical practices. It is verified that teachers present prevalence in the belief of neuromyths, damaging their educational practices. Therefore, the goals of the neuroscience discipline are the deconstruction of neuromyths and learning of neuroanatomic structures and functions and their underlying processes at different levels of neuroscience analysis by students. Linking and discussing the principles learned with Special Education and Specialized Educational Attendance.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una discusión sobre los fundamentos lógicos y teóricos que apoyan la disciplina de neurociencia del Curso de Especialización en Educación Especial de la Facultad de Educación / UFGD. La neurociencia ha avanzado significativamente en el conocimiento relacionado con la educación y la educación especial. Sin embargo, los profesionales de la educación tienen dificultades para interpretar y utilizar este conocimiento en las prácticas pedagógicas. Se verifica que los maestros tienen prevalencia en la creencia de neuromitos, perjudicando sus prácticas educativas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la disciplina de neurociencia es deconstruir neuromitas y aprender las estructuras y funciones neuroanatómicas y sus procesos subyacentes en los diferentes niveles de análisis de neurociencia por parte de los estudiantes. Relacionar y discutir los principios aprendidos con Educación Especial y Atención Educativa Especializada.O presente documento tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre as fundamentações lógica e teórica que subsidiam a disciplina de neurociência do curso de Especialização em Educação Especial da Faculdade de Educação/UFGD. A neurociência tem avançado de forma importante nos conhecimentos relacionados à educação e educação especial. No entanto, profissionais da área da educação têm dificuldades na interpretação e utilização desses conhecimentos nas práticas pedagógicas. Verifica-se que professores apresentam prevalência na crença de neuromitos, prejudicando suas práticas educacionais. Portanto, objetiva-se com a disciplina de neurociência a desconstrução de neuromitos e aprendizado das estruturas e funções neuroanatômicas e seus processos subjacentes nos diferentes níveis de análise da neurociência pelos alunos. Relacionando e discutindo os princípios aprendidos com a Educação Especial e o Atendimento Educacional Especializado

Efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos em indicadores antropométricos e de desempenho físico em servidores de uma universidade federal

Introdução: Exercícios físicos aprimoram em diversos aspectos a saúde. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram os efeitos de programas de exercícios físicos em servidores de instituições de ensino superior. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os impactos de um programa de exercícios físicos em desfechos relacionados à composição corporal e desempenho físico de servidores de uma universidade federal. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quase-experimental com a participação de 11 voluntários que avaliou a composição corporal e desempenho físico após aproximadamente 20 semanas de intervenção. Resultados: Em relação aos desfechos antropométricos, houve redução significativa nas circunferências da cintura e quadril, soma de dobras cutâneas e percentual de gordura corporal (p<0,05). Nos componentes do desempenho físico, apenas a resistência de força abdominal (p<0,01) e de membros inferiores (p<0,05) demonstraram melhoras significativas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que 20 semanas de prática regular de exercícios físicos foram capazes de melhorar aspectos antropométricos e de desempenho físico nos servidores da universidade

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Análise dos fatores motivacionais dos estudantes universitários que aderem um programa de exercício físico

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os fatores motivacionais que levaram os universitários a aderirem ao projeto de extensão “Programa de Treinamento Físico TIME UFGD”. O presente estudo tem caráter descritivo/quantitativo e também denominado como pesquisa de campo. Participaram do estudo 101 universitários do sexo masculino, com faixa etária de 18 a 24 anos. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante questionário desenvolvido por Chagas & Samulski, o mesmo contém 26 questões adaptado pelos autores. Os fatores motivacionais mais expressivos para a aderência ao treinamento físico foram: melhorar a qualidade de vida, melhorar ou manter o estado de saúde, aumentar o bem-estar corporal, aumentar a disposição geral. A motivação predominante para a participação dos acadêmicos foi 95,0% melhorar a qualidade de vida

Value of pre-cue information for motor tasks performed by children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Abstract People commonly use pre-cue information to advance and reduce the information processing time required for a motor task (e.g., motor planning). However, children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) exhibit difficulties performing pre-cued goal-directed tasks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of valid, neutral, and invalid pre-cue information for a goal-directed task. The participants were 11 children with DCD (mean age = 7.94 yrs.) and 11 typically developed (TD) age- and gender-matched children. The children with DCD exhibited delayed motor planning (e.g., reaction time) under the invalid condition compared to that of the TD children. The children with DCD used atypical strategies for motor execution and depended more on online corrections (e.g., increased deceleration time and movement units) to reach the target. These results suggest that children with DCD have difficulties handling unpredictable situations and that the use of atypical motor execution strategies did not affect movement time

Physical fitness in children with probable developmental coordination disorder and normal body mass index

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2014v16n2p182   Changes in body mass index (BMI) due to various factors, such as a low level of physical activity, are often associated with poor physical fitness in children with prob-able developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). This study examined whether children with pDCD would show poorer performance in terms of physical fitness when compared with their typically developing (TD) peers. Thirty two children with pDCD and normal BMI and other 32 children with TD and normal BMI, matched by gender, age and BMI, performed the sit and reach, standing long jump, curl-up, modified pull-up and 9-min run tests. The children in the pDCD group showed lower explosive power, muscle strength and endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness than children in the TD group. Overall, children with pDCD had lower levels of physical fitness, even with normal BMI