Three dimensional flow field inside compressor rotor, including blade boundary layers

The space marching code was modified in order to be able to predict the flow field inside a rotor passage, including the blade and hub wall boundary layers. The basic changes incorporated are modifications of the equations so that the code can handle three dimensional configurations with changes in the radial direction (for example changes in stagger angle, blade camber and thickness), extensions and modifications in order to implement a physically realistic turbulence model such as a k sigma model and an algebraic Reynolds stress model

Ketogenic diets: neurodegenerative and rare diseases

Treballs Finals de Grau de Farmàcia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. Tutor/a: Escolano Miron, Maria CarmenThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein diet that was first described in 1921, with the goal of mimicking the anticonvulsant effects of fasting. KD causes an increased ketone bodies production, allowing the brain to obtain an alternative fuel to glucose. Recently, its clinical use has expanded notoriously, as well as scientific interest, due to its possible positive effects on various diseases. Based on a bibliographic research, this work aims to analyse the current information on KD and its variants, in addition to review some studies that assess its application in two illnesses: glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as examples of rare and neurodegenerative illness, respectively. On one hand, GLUT1DS is an encephalopathy with a wide spectrum of manifestations, with seizures being the most common. In this disorder, KD-derived ketone bodies represent an efficient alternative energy source. On the other hand, AD is the most frequent cause of dementia and its incidence is expected to increase in the coming decades. Currently, there is no cure, so the neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies may decrease the mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation present in AD. Although overall, both the reported cases of GLUT1DS and preclinical and clinical studies in AD demonstrate clinical benefits with KDs, more research is needed to better understand their role in diverse diseases.La dieta cetogénica (DC) es una dieta alta en grasas, baja en carbohidratos y moderada en proteínas que fue descrita por primera vez en 1921, con el objetivo imitar los efectos anticonvulsivos del ayuno. La DC provoca un aumento en la producción cuerpos cetónicos, permitiendo al cerebro obtener un combustible alternativo a la glucosa. Recientemente su uso clínico se ha expandido notoriamente, así como también el interés científico, por sus posibles efectos positivos en diversas enfermedades. A partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica, este trabajo pretende analizar la información actual de la DC y sus variantes, y revisar algunos estudios que evalúen su aplicación en dos enfermedades: el síndrome de deficiencia del transportador de glucosa tipo 1 (SDGLUT1) y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), como ejemplos de enfermedad rara y neurodegenerativa, respectivamente. Por una parte, el SDGLUT1 es una encefalopatía con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones, siendo las crisis convulsivas las más comunes. En esta enfermedad, los cuerpos cetónicos representan una eficaz fuente alternativa de energía. Por otra parte, la EA es la causa más común de demencia y se prevé que su incidencia aumente en las próximas décadas. Actualmente, no existe una cura, por tanto, los efectos neuroprotectores de los cuerpos cetónicos podrían disminuir la disfunción mitocondrial, estrés oxidativo y neuroinflamación presentes en la EA. Aunque en general, tanto los casos reportados de SDGLUT1 como los estudios preclínicos y clínicos en EA, demuestran beneficios clínicos con las DCs, se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor su papel en diversas enfermedades

Successful high dose antipsychotic treatment with cariprazine in patients on the schizophrenia spectrum : Real-world evidence from a Spanish hospital setting

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Galmes and Rancans.Real-world evidence fills in an important gap by providing data on the effectiveness and tolerability of new medications in everyday patients. In this data collection form a Spanish hospital, the effectiveness and tolerability of cariprazine were evaluated in 14 patients who were admitted to the hospital due to an acute episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The collected data included demographic characteristics, history of disorder and previous treatment, and details of cariprazine therapy such as dosing, side effects and measurements of effectiveness via scales. Difference between admission and discharge on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale scores were evaluated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Significant improvement was detected in nearly all patients (one patient dropped out) as measured by the BPRS Total, Negative symptom, Positive symptom, and Hostility scores. At admission, patients were markedly-moderately ill and at discharge the severity was reduced to borderline ill and normal according to the CGI-S. The CGI-Improvement scale also indicated very much and much improvement at discharge. Importantly, patients left the hospital with high doses of cariprazine, i.e., 7.5 mg/day or even 9.0 mg/day, but this did not cause safety problems; cariprazine well-tolerated as only a few patients experienced side effects such as akathisia. The results provide novel evidence regarding the tolerability and effectiveness of cariprazine in high doses patients on the schizophrenia spectrum.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Three dimensional flow field inside compressor rotor, including blade boundary layers

The flow in a turbomachinery blade passage has a predominant flow direction. The viscous diffusion in the streamwise direction is usually small and the elliptic influence is transmitted upstream through the pressure field. Starting with a guessed pressure field, it is possible to converge on the full elliptic solution by iterating between a parabolic solution and an iteration of the pressure field. The main steps of the calculation are given. The blade boundary layers which are three dimensional with laminar, transitional, turbulent, and separation zones are investigated. The kinetic energy is analyzed, and the dissipation equation is presented. Measurements were made of the three dimensional flow inside an axial flow compressor passage

Ergodic properties of Brownian motion under stochastic resetting

We study ergodic properties of one-dimensional Brownian motion with resetting. Using generic classes of statistics of times between resets, we find respectively for thin/fat tailed distributions, the normalized/non-normalised invariant density of this process. The former case corresponds to known results in the resetting literature and the latter to infinite ergodic theory. Two types of ergodic transitions are found in this system. The first is when the mean waiting time between resets diverges, when standard ergodic theory switches to infinite ergodic theory. The second is when the mean of the square root of time between resets diverges and the properties of the invariant density are drastically modified. We then find a fractional integral equation describing the density of particles. This finite time tool is particularly useful close to the ergodic transition where convergence to asymptotic limits is logarithmically slow. Our study implies rich ergodic behaviors for this non-equilibrium process which should hold far beyond the case of Brownian motion analyzed here

Inclusiones parasitarias compatibles con Ehrlichia spp. Y Hepatozoon canis concomitantes en un neutrófilo

Se describe el caso clínico de una Cócker de 5 años de edad que llegó a nuestro centro veterinario con sintomatología compatible con ehrlichiosis, detectándose, en un frotis sanguíneo, la presencia en un mismo neutrófilo de una mórula de Ehrlichia y un gametocito de Hepatozoon canis. El animal respondió favorablemente al tratamiento con doxiciclina, dipropionato de imidocarb y atropina. La última reorganización taxonómica del género Ehrlichia ha dividido este género en tres; género Anaplasma, género Neorickettsia y género Ehrlichia, de forma que el clínico veterinario debe conocer las especies de Ehrlichia más frecuentes en su zona de trabajo, la sintomatología asociada y los hallazgos de laboratorio típicos de cada especie para poder llegar a un diagnóstico etiológico final de ehrlichiosis. La serología (junto a otras pruebas de laboratorio) es el método más utilizado para el diagnóstico final de ehrlichiosis, siendo necesario conocer bien sus beneficios y limitaciones porque nos puede llevar a diagnosticar fundamentalmente, falsos negativos. Además, es difícil saber con exactitud qué especie de Ehrlichia ha provocado la enfermedad debido a las reacciones serológicas cruzadas entre algunas especies próximas filogenéticamente. Por eso, con el fin de conocer exactamente la especie de Ehrlichia involucrada en la infección, se puede recurrir a la ayuda de técnicas de diagnóstico molecular.

Mediterranean Long Shelf-Life Landraces: An Untapped Genetic Resource for Tomato Improvement

[EN] The Mediterranean long shelf-life (LSL) tomatoes are a group of landraces with a fruit remaining sound up to 6¿12 months after harvest. Most have been selected under semi-arid Mediterranean summer conditions with poor irrigation or rain-fed and thus, are drought tolerant. Besides the convergence in the latter traits, local selection criteria have been very variable, leading to a wide variation in fruit morphology and quality traits. The different soil characteristics and agricultural management techniques across the Mediterranean denote also a wide range of plant adaptive traits to different conditions. Despite the notorious traits for fruit quality and environment adaptation, the LSL landraces have been poorly exploited in tomato breeding programs, which rely basically on wild tomato species. In this review, we describe most of the information currently available for Mediterranean LSL landraces in order to highlight the importance of this genetic resource. We focus on the origin and diversity, the main selective traits, and the determinants of the extended fruit shelf-life and the drought tolerance. Altogether, the Mediterranean LSL landraces are a very valuable heritage to be revalued, since constitutes an alternative source to improve fruit quality and shelf-life in tomato, and to breed for more resilient cultivars under the predicted climate change conditions.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 727929 (TOMRES), No 634561 (TRADITOM) and No 679796 (TomGEM). Research has been also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) project AGL2013-42364-R (TOMDRO), and the Government of the Balearic Islands grants BIA20/07, BIA07/08, BIA09/12 and AAEE56/2015. 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Successful high dose antipsychotic treatment with cariprazine in patients on the schizophrenia spectrum: Real-world evidence from a Spanish hospital setting

Real-world evidence fills in an important gap by providing data on the effectiveness and tolerability of new medications in everyday patients. In this data collection form a Spanish hospital, the effectiveness and tolerability of cariprazine were evaluated in 14 patients who were admitted to the hospital due to an acute episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The collected data included demographic characteristics, history of disorder and previous treatment, and details of cariprazine therapy such as dosing, side effects and measurements of effectiveness via scales. Difference between admission and discharge on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale scores were evaluated using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Significant improvement was detected in nearly all patients (one patient dropped out) as measured by the BPRS Total, Negative symptom, Positive symptom, and Hostility scores. At admission, patients were markedly-moderately ill and at discharge the severity was reduced to borderline ill and normal according to the CGI-S. The CGI-Improvement scale also indicated very much and much improvement at discharge. Importantly, patients left the hospital with high doses of cariprazine, i.e., 7.5 mg/day or even 9.0 mg/day, but this did not cause safety problems; cariprazine well-tolerated as only a few patients experienced side effects such as akathisia. The results provide novel evidence regarding the tolerability and effectiveness of cariprazine in high doses patients on the schizophrenia spectrum

Más allá del Parque Nacional Lihué Calel: Nuevos registros para la rareza Gaillardia cabrerae Covas (Asteraceae)

Until now, Gaillardia cabrerae Covas has been considered an exclusive endemic species of Lihué Calel, a mountain range system in the center-south of La Pampa and the only National Park in the province. In this work, two new presence sites are recorded outside the limits of the protected area. Through an active search in sites with similar geological characteristics to the known distribution site, a population was identified in the Sierras Chicas and another one in the Choique Mahuida Hills, the latter about 95 km southern Lihué Calel National Park. The condition of rarity and the criteria to be taken into account for the categorization of the species are discussed even when its spatial distribution is now resized. The sites in which G. cabrerae develops represent refuges in which many rare species find particularities of the microsite in order to survive. The vulnerability of the species deserves studies that account for its habitat requirements, emphasizing unprotected populations.Gaillardia cabrerae Covas ha sido considerada hasta el momento especie endémica exclusiva de Lihué Calel, sistema serrano del centro sur de La Pampa y el único Parque Nacional de la provincia. En este trabajo se registran dos nuevos sitios que dan cuenta de la presencia de esta especie por fuera de los límites del área protegida. Mediante búsqueda activa en sitios con características geológicas similares al sitio de distribución conocido, se identificó una población en las Sierras Chicas y otra en las Sierras de Choique Mahuida, esta última alejada a unos 95 km al sur del Parque Nacional Lihué Calel. Se discute sobre la condición de rareza y los criterios a tener en cuenta para la categorización de la especie aun cuando su distribución espacial se encuentra ahora redimensionada. Los sitios en los que G. cabrerae se desarrolla representan refugios en los cuales muchas especies raras encuentran particularidades del micrositio para poder subsistir. La vulnerabilidad de la especie merece la realización de estudios que den cuenta de sus requerimientos de hábitat, poniendo énfasis en las poblaciones no protegidas

Rubisco activity in Mediterranean species is regulated by the chloroplastic CO2 concentration under water stress

Water stress decreases the availability of the gaseous substrate for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) by decreasing leaf conductance to CO2. In spite of limiting photosynthetic carbon assimilation, especially in those environments where drought is the predominant factor affecting plant growth and yield, the effects of water deprivation on the mechanisms that control Rubisco activity are unclear. In the present study, 11 Mediterranean species, representing different growth forms, were subject to increasing levels of drought stress, the most severe one followed by rewatering. The results confirmed species-specific patterns in the decrease in the initial activity and activation state of Rubisco as drought stress and leaf dehydration intensified. Nevertheless, all species followed roughly the same trend when Rubisco activity was related to stomatal conductance (gs) and chloroplastic CO2 concentration (Cc), suggesting that deactivation of Rubisco sites could be induced by low Cc, as a result of water stress. The threshold level of Cc that triggered Rubisco deactivation was dependent on leaf characteristics and was related to the maximum attained for each species under non-stressing conditions. Those species adapted to low Cc were more capable of maintaining active Rubisco as drought stress intensified